安装好MySQL之后，直接用Python进行操作是可以的，假设要在django中使用mysql，还需要安装pymysql，话不多说，直接安装：
pip3 install pymysql --user
安装完之后，在setting进行如下配置：
1、首先在django工程的setting.py里，引入pymysql：
import os import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
2、接着，在mysql里创建一个数据库，用来存储django里要存取的表格：
lzh@lzh-pc:~$ mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.17 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> CREATE DATABASE test_app CHARACTER SET utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test_app | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、最后，配置django工程里的setting.py的database部分。其中name是在mysql里定义的某个数据库名：
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'test_app',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '19830427',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '3306',
}
}
4、高能预警！
此时无论是直接runserver，还是makemigrations，都会报错，大致是：
raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.
但是请注意，如果用pip3 list查看，是根本没有mysqlclient这个包的，一定会有人想，如果没有这个包（或者版本太低），装一下不就行了。
5、安装mysqlclient，官网上列举了这些前置需求：
sudo apt-get install python3-dev
sudo apt-get install default-libmysqlclient-dev
如果把这两个安装完成后，再安装mysqlclient，仍然会报错，而且会报错一整屏幕红字，非常惊悚，仔细一看，主要是这里的问题：
/usr/bin/ld: 找不到 -lssl /usr/bin/ld: 找不到 -lcrypto
安装其中一个即可：sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
【注意是libssl，少一个l】
到这里，就能正常安装mysqlclient了，使用命令：pip3 install mysqlclient --user
然后再用pip3 list就能查看到：
mysqlclient 1.4.4
到了这里，你以为问题解决了，然后能愉快地运行runserver或makemigrations？非常遗憾！
仍然会报错：django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.
这就不是版本的问题了，而是它永远都会出错！！！
File "/home/lzh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 36, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.
6、大部分的人（网上看到的各种笔记，blog，经验分享）都是选择直接跳过这个错误，方法是编辑报错文件：gedit /home/yourusername/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py
将以下两行注释掉：
# if version < (1, 3, 13):
# raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)
尝试运行runserver或makemigrations，仍然出错：
File "/home/lzh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/operations.py", line 146, in last_executed_query
query = query.decode(errors='replace')
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'
解决这个报错的方法是：gedit /home/lzh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/opetions.py
将decode改为encode，代码为：
def last_executed_query(self, cursor, sql, params):
# With MySQLdb, cursor objects have an (undocumented) "_executed"
# attribute where the exact query sent to the database is saved.
# See MySQLdb/cursors.py in the source distribution.
query = getattr(cursor, '_executed', None)
if query is not None:
query = query.encode(errors='replace')
return query
7、后记
安装了MySQL，然后安装了pymysql，就直接开始使用的，当报错时直接使用《6》的方法解决即可，个人怀疑是检查兼容性的代码有bug；
实际上，在bug没有解决前，费劲心思安装mysqlclient一点用处没有！
8、验证django使用mysql
（1）使用python3 manage.py createsuperuser创建超级管理员
（2）进入admin后台，添加一个guest：guest_name=刘振华，guest_title=先生
（3）查看mysql是否有对应内容
lzh@lzh-pc:~$ mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 30 Server version: 8.0.17 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> USE test_app; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> SHOW TABLES; +----------------------------+ | Tables_in_test_app | +----------------------------+ | auth_group | | auth_group_permissions | | auth_permission | | auth_user | | auth_user_groups | | auth_user_user_permissions | | django_admin_log | | django_content_type | | django_migrations | | django_session | | test_app_cnbcontent | | test_app_cnbtitle | | test_app_guestmodel | +----------------------------+ 13 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test_app_guestmodel; +----+------------+-------------+ | id | guest_name | guest_title | +----+------------+-------------+ | 1 | 刘振华 | 先生 | +----+------------+-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)