• NIO


     

     

    Java NIO(new IO)是java1.4版本开始引入的一个新的API,可以代替标准的IO API,NIO与原来的IO有同样的作用和目的,但是使用方式完全不同,NIO是面向缓冲区的,基于通道的IO操作,NIO以更加高效的方式进行文件操作

     

    NIO系统的核心在于:通道和缓冲区,通道表示打开到IO设备(文件、套接字)的连接,若需要使用NIO系统,需要获取用于连接IO设备的通道以及容纳数据的缓冲区,然后操作缓冲区,对数据进行处理

     

    Channel负责传输,Buffer负责存储

     

     

    缓冲区:一个用于特定基本数据类型的容器,所有缓冲区都是Buffer抽象类的子类,Buffer主要用于与NIO通道进行交互,数据是从通道读入缓冲区,从缓冲区写入通道中的

     

    Buffer就像是一个数组可以保持多个相容数据类型的数据,根据类型不同(boolean除外),使用相似的方式进行管理数据,只是各自的数据类型不同而已

     

    缓冲区的基本属性:

     

     

    @Test
        public void test1(){
            String str = "abcde";
            
            //1. 分配一个指定大小的缓冲区
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            System.out.println("-----------------allocate()----------------");
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            System.out.println(buf.limit());
            System.out.println(buf.capacity());
            
            //2. 利用 put() 存入数据到缓冲区中
            buf.put(str.getBytes());
            
            System.out.println("-----------------put()----------------");
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            System.out.println(buf.limit());
            System.out.println(buf.capacity());
            
            //3. 切换读取数据模式
            buf.flip();
            
            System.out.println("-----------------flip()----------------");
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            System.out.println(buf.limit());
            System.out.println(buf.capacity());
            
            //4. 利用 get() 读取缓冲区中的数据
            byte[] dst = new byte[buf.limit()];
            buf.get(dst);
            System.out.println(new String(dst, 0, dst.length));
            
            System.out.println("-----------------get()----------------");
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            System.out.println(buf.limit());
            System.out.println(buf.capacity());
            
            //5. rewind() : 可重复读
            buf.rewind();
            
            System.out.println("-----------------rewind()----------------");
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            System.out.println(buf.limit());
            System.out.println(buf.capacity());
            
            //6. clear() : 清空缓冲区. 但是缓冲区中的数据依然存在,但是处于“被遗忘”状态
            buf.clear();
            
            System.out.println("-----------------clear()----------------");
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            System.out.println(buf.limit());
            System.out.println(buf.capacity());
            
            System.out.println((char)buf.get());
            
        }

     

     

     

     

    直接缓冲区和非直接缓冲区:字节缓冲区要么是直接缓冲区,要么是非直接缓冲区,如果为直接缓冲区,则java虚拟机会进最大努力直接在此缓冲区上执行本机IO操作,也就是每次调用基础操作系统的一个本机IO操作,虚拟机都会尽量避免将缓冲区的内容复制到中间缓冲区中(或从中间缓冲区中复制内容)

     

    直接字节缓冲区可以通过调用此类的allocateDirect()方法创建,将直接缓冲区主要分配给那些易受基础系统的本机IO操作影响的大型、持久的缓冲,一般情况,最好在直接缓冲区能在程序性能方面带来明显好处时分配给他们 

    @Test
        public void test2(){
            String str = "abcde";
            
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            buf.put(str.getBytes());
            
            buf.flip();
            
            byte[] dst = new byte[buf.limit()];
            buf.get(dst, 0, 2);
            System.out.println(new String(dst, 0, 2));
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            
            //mark() : 标记
            buf.mark();
            
            buf.get(dst, 2, 2);
            System.out.println(new String(dst, 2, 2));
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            
            //reset() : 恢复到 mark 的位置
            buf.reset();
            System.out.println(buf.position());
            
            //判断缓冲区中是否还有剩余数据
            if(buf.hasRemaining()){
                
                //获取缓冲区中可以操作的数量
                System.out.println(buf.remaining());
            }
        }

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    通道表示与IO源与目标打开的连接,通道本身并不能访问数据,通道只能与缓冲区进行交互

     

     

    //利用通道完成文件的复制(非直接缓冲区)
        @Test
        public void test1(){//10874-10953
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            
            FileInputStream fis = null;
            FileOutputStream fos = null;
            //①获取通道
            FileChannel inChannel = null;
            FileChannel outChannel = null;
            try {
                fis = new FileInputStream("d:/1.mkv");
                fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/2.mkv");
                
                inChannel = fis.getChannel();
                outChannel = fos.getChannel();
                
                //②分配指定大小的缓冲区
                ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                
                //③将通道中的数据存入缓冲区中
                while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
                    buf.flip(); //切换读取数据的模式
                    //④将缓冲区中的数据写入通道中
                    outChannel.write(buf);
                    buf.clear(); //清空缓冲区
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(outChannel != null){
                    try {
                        outChannel.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
                if(inChannel != null){
                    try {
                        inChannel.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
                if(fos != null){
                    try {
                        fos.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
                if(fis != null){
                    try {
                        fis.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            
            long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + (end - start));
            
        }

     

     

    //使用直接缓冲区完成文件的复制(内存映射文件)
        @Test
        public void test2() throws IOException{//2127-1902-1777
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            
            FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
            FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
            
            //内存映射文件
            MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf = inChannel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());
            MappedByteBuffer outMappedBuf = outChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size());
            
            //直接对缓冲区进行数据的读写操作
            byte[] dst = new byte[inMappedBuf.limit()];
            inMappedBuf.get(dst);
            outMappedBuf.put(dst);
            
            inChannel.close();
            outChannel.close();
            
            long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + (end - start));
        }
    //通道之间的数据传输(直接缓冲区)
        @Test
        public void test3() throws IOException{
            FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
            FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
            
    //        inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel);
            outChannel.transferFrom(inChannel, 0, inChannel.size());
            
            inChannel.close();
            outChannel.close();
        }

     

     

    //分散和聚集
        @Test
        public void test4() throws IOException{
            RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");
            
            //1. 获取通道
            FileChannel channel1 = raf1.getChannel();
            
            //2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
            ByteBuffer buf1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
            ByteBuffer buf2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            //3. 分散读取
            ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buf1, buf2};
            channel1.read(bufs);
            
            for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) {
                byteBuffer.flip();
            }
            
            System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(), 0, bufs[0].limit()));
            System.out.println("-----------------");
            System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(), 0, bufs[1].limit()));
            
            //4. 聚集写入
            RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw");
            FileChannel channel2 = raf2.getChannel();
            
            channel2.write(bufs);
        }

     

    @Test
        public void test5(){
            Map<String, Charset> map = Charset.availableCharsets();
            
            Set<Entry<String, Charset>> set = map.entrySet();
            
            for (Entry<String, Charset> entry : set) {
                System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
            }
        }

     

    //字符集
        @Test
        public void test6() throws IOException{
            Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("GBK");
            
            //获取编码器
            CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();
            
            //获取解码器
            CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();
            
            CharBuffer cBuf = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
            cBuf.put("好好学习、天天向上");
            cBuf.flip();
            
            //编码
            ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuf);
            
            for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
                System.out.println(bBuf.get());
            }
            
            //解码
            bBuf.flip();
            CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf);
            System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());
            
            System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
            
            Charset cs2 = Charset.forName("GBK");
            bBuf.flip();
            CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode(bBuf);
            System.out.println(cBuf3.toString());
        }

     

    /*
     * 一、通道(Channel):用于源节点与目标节点的连接。在 Java NIO 中负责缓冲区中数据的传输。Channel 本身不存储数据,因此需要配合缓冲区进行传输。
     * 
     * 二、通道的主要实现类
     *     java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
     *         |--FileChannel
     *         |--SocketChannel
     *         |--ServerSocketChannel
     *         |--DatagramChannel
     * 
     * 三、获取通道
     * 1. Java 针对支持通道的类提供了 getChannel() 方法
     *         本地 IO:
     *         FileInputStream/FileOutputStream
     *         RandomAccessFile
     * 
     *         网络IO:
     *         Socket
     *         ServerSocket
     *         DatagramSocket
     *         
     * 2. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 针对各个通道提供了静态方法 open()
     * 3. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 的 Files 工具类的 newByteChannel()
     * 
     * 四、通道之间的数据传输
     * transferFrom()
     * transferTo()
     * 
     * 五、分散(Scatter)与聚集(Gather)
     * 分散读取(Scattering Reads):将通道中的数据分散到多个缓冲区中
     * 聚集写入(Gathering Writes):将多个缓冲区中的数据聚集到通道中
     * 
     * 六、字符集:Charset
     * 编码:字符串 -> 字节数组
     * 解码:字节数组  -> 字符串
     * 
     */

       

     

    /*
     * 一、使用 NIO 完成网络通信的三个核心:
     * 
     * 1. 通道(Channel):负责连接
     *         
     *        java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
     *             |--SelectableChannel
     *                 |--SocketChannel
     *                 |--ServerSocketChannel
     *                 |--DatagramChannel
     * 
     *                 |--Pipe.SinkChannel
     *                 |--Pipe.SourceChannel
     * 
     * 2. 缓冲区(Buffer):负责数据的存取
     * 
     * 3. 选择器(Selector):是 SelectableChannel 的多路复用器。用于监控 SelectableChannel 的 IO 状况
     * 
     */
    public class TestBlockingNIO {
    
        //客户端
        @Test
        public void client() throws IOException{
            //1. 获取通道
            SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
            
            FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
            
            //2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            //3. 读取本地文件,并发送到服务端
            while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
                buf.flip();
                sChannel.write(buf);
                buf.clear();
            }
            
            //4. 关闭通道
            inChannel.close();
            sChannel.close();
        }
        
        //服务端
        @Test
        public void server() throws IOException{
            //1. 获取通道
            ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            
            FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("2.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
            
            //2. 绑定连接
            ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
            
            //3. 获取客户端连接的通道
            SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
            
            //4. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            //5. 接收客户端的数据,并保存到本地
            while(sChannel.read(buf) != -1){
                buf.flip();
                outChannel.write(buf);
                buf.clear();
            }
            
            //6. 关闭通道
            sChannel.close();
            outChannel.close();
            ssChannel.close();
            
        }
        
    }

     

         

    public class TestBlockingNIO2 {
        
        //客户端
        @Test
        public void client() throws IOException{
            SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
            
            FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
            
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
                buf.flip();
                sChannel.write(buf);
                buf.clear();
            }
            
            sChannel.shutdownOutput();
            
            //接收服务端的反馈
            int len = 0;
            while((len = sChannel.read(buf)) != -1){
                buf.flip();
                System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
                buf.clear();
            }
            
            inChannel.close();
            sChannel.close();
        }
        
        //服务端
        @Test
        public void server() throws IOException{
            ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            
            FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("2.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
            
            ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
            
            SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
            
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            while(sChannel.read(buf) != -1){
                buf.flip();
                outChannel.write(buf);
                buf.clear();
            }
            
            //发送反馈给客户端
            buf.put("服务端接收数据成功".getBytes());
            buf.flip();
            sChannel.write(buf);
            
            sChannel.close();
            outChannel.close();
            ssChannel.close();
        }
    
    }

     

     

    /*
     * 一、使用 NIO 完成网络通信的三个核心:
     * 
     * 1. 通道(Channel):负责连接
     *         
     *        java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
     *             |--SelectableChannel
     *                 |--SocketChannel
     *                 |--ServerSocketChannel
     *                 |--DatagramChannel
     * 
     *                 |--Pipe.SinkChannel
     *                 |--Pipe.SourceChannel
     * 
     * 2. 缓冲区(Buffer):负责数据的存取
     * 
     * 3. 选择器(Selector):是 SelectableChannel 的多路复用器。用于监控 SelectableChannel 的 IO 状况
     * 
     */
    public class TestNonBlockingNIO {
        
        //客户端
        @Test
        public void client() throws IOException{
            //1. 获取通道
            SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
            
            //2. 切换非阻塞模式
            sChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            
            //3. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            //4. 发送数据给服务端
            Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
            
            while(scan.hasNext()){
                String str = scan.next();
                buf.put((new Date().toString() + "
    " + str).getBytes());
                buf.flip();
                sChannel.write(buf);
                buf.clear();
            }
            
            //5. 关闭通道
            sChannel.close();
        }
    
        //服务端
        @Test
        public void server() throws IOException{
            //1. 获取通道
            ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            
            //2. 切换非阻塞模式
            ssChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            
            //3. 绑定连接
            ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
            
            //4. 获取选择器
            Selector selector = Selector.open();
            
            //5. 将通道注册到选择器上, 并且指定“监听接收事件”
            ssChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
            
            //6. 轮询式的获取选择器上已经“准备就绪”的事件
            while(selector.select() > 0){
                
                //7. 获取当前选择器中所有注册的“选择键(已就绪的监听事件)”
                Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                
                while(it.hasNext()){
                    //8. 获取准备“就绪”的是事件
                    SelectionKey sk = it.next();
                    
                    //9. 判断具体是什么事件准备就绪
                    if(sk.isAcceptable()){
                        //10. 若“接收就绪”,获取客户端连接
                        SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
                        
                        //11. 切换非阻塞模式
                        sChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                        
                        //12. 将该通道注册到选择器上
                        sChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    }else if(sk.isReadable()){
                        //13. 获取当前选择器上“读就绪”状态的通道
                        SocketChannel sChannel = (SocketChannel) sk.channel();
                        
                        //14. 读取数据
                        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                        
                        int len = 0;
                        while((len = sChannel.read(buf)) > 0 ){
                            buf.flip();
                            System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
                            buf.clear();
                        }
                    }
                    
                    //15. 取消选择键 SelectionKey
                    it.remove();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public class TestNonBlockingNIO2 {
        
        @Test
        public void send() throws IOException{
            DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open();
            
            dc.configureBlocking(false);
            
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
            
            while(scan.hasNext()){
                String str = scan.next();
                buf.put((new Date().toString() + ":
    " + str).getBytes());
                buf.flip();
                dc.send(buf, new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
                buf.clear();
            }
            
            dc.close();
        }
        
        @Test
        public void receive() throws IOException{
            DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open();
            
            dc.configureBlocking(false);
            
            dc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
            
            Selector selector = Selector.open();
            
            dc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            
            while(selector.select() > 0){
                Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                
                while(it.hasNext()){
                    SelectionKey sk = it.next();
                    
                    if(sk.isReadable()){
                        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                        
                        dc.receive(buf);
                        buf.flip();
                        System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, buf.limit()));
                        buf.clear();
                    }
                }
                
                it.remove();
            }
        }
    
    }
    @Test
        public void test1() throws IOException{
            //1. 获取管道
            Pipe pipe = Pipe.open();
            
            //2. 将缓冲区中的数据写入管道
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            Pipe.SinkChannel sinkChannel = pipe.sink();
            buf.put("通过单向管道发送数据".getBytes());
            buf.flip();
            sinkChannel.write(buf);
            
            //3. 读取缓冲区中的数据
            Pipe.SourceChannel sourceChannel = pipe.source();
            buf.flip();
            int len = sourceChannel.read(buf);
            System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
            
            sourceChannel.close();
            sinkChannel.close();
        }

              

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lzb0803/p/8922189.html
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