• Day01


    Day01

    1、注解

    JDK 1.5添加
    //@Test 测试
    @Deprecated 弃用,当前有更好的实现
    @SuppressWarning(“deprecation”) 压制弃用警告
    @Override 覆盖重写

    2、XML简介

    扩展标记语言(Extensible Markup Language )。它被设计的宗旨是传输数据(或或者说是描述数据),而非显示数据
    XML标签没有被预定义,需自行定义标签
    W3C发布的(目前版本2000年xml1.0)
    XML被广泛认为是继java之后internet上激动人心的新技术

    3、XML作用
    • 可以在客户端(Client)和服务端(Server)之间传输数据
      服务器 (Intel 志强)
    • 保存相关数据
    • 用来做配置文件 在Android中 界面布局文件 mainfest配置文件
    4、编码

    GBK GB2312 UTF-8

    5、XML 基本语法

    文档声明
      最简单的文档声明 文档声明必须写在第一行
     保存的时候 xml声明的编码 要跟文件保存嘚编码保持一致 如果不声明 默认使用utf-8
     standalone属性标明文档是否独立,即是否依赖其他文档

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes" ?>

    元素
     标签必须闭合,嵌套时先开始后闭合,
     如果标签我无内容,自闭合
      跟标签必须有一个且只有一个
    命名规范

    • 区分大小写
    • 不能以数字或‘_’开头
    • 不能以xml开头
    • 不能包含空格
    • 名称中间不能包含冒号

    注意换行制表符都会保留 书写的时候,如果用了这些符号 会浪费流量
    属性

    • 属性写在开始标签中
    • 属性的命名规则和元素命名规则一样
    • 属性一定使用引号包起来(单双都行)
    • 属性可以使用子标签的形式来表示

    注释
     不能在第一行,不能嵌套,
    CDATA区

    • 里面内容不会被解析,

    特殊字符

    t特殊字符 替代符号
    & &amp;
    < &lt;
    > &gt
    " &quot
    ` &apos

    xml约束
     格式良好的xml:遵循xml语法规则
     有效的XML:遵循约束文档的XML
     格式良好的不一定有效 有效的一定格式良好

    6、常用的约束技术
    • XML DTD
      fcbde688a116ed34e5fd76e0dea60583.png
      53f345ee92461df74e086e3b16e87ad5.png
      d67782d0cb6b89cd9cd972eea84965bc.png
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
    <!DOCTYPE 书架 [
    	<!ELEMENT 书架 (书+)>
    	<!ELEMENT 书 (书名,作者,售价)>
    	<!ELEMENT 书名 (#PCDATA)>
    	<!ELEMENT 作者 (#PCDATA)>
    	<!ELEMENT 售价 (#PCDATA)>
    	<!ATTLIST 书
    		ISBN ID #REQUIRED
    		COMMENT (a|b) #IMPLIED
    		出版社 CDATA "传智播客"
    		>
    	<!ENTITY copyright "黑马训练营">
    ]>
    <书架>
    	<书 ISBN="a" COMMENT="b" 出版社="" >
    		<书名>Java就业培训教程</书名>
    		<作者>&copyright;</作者>
    		<售价>39.00元</售价>
    	</书>	
    	<书  ISBN="b">
    		<书名>JavaScript网页开发</书名>
    		<作者>张孝祥</作者>
    		<售价>28.00元</售价>
    	</书> 
    </书架>
    
    • XML Schema
      XMLSchema也是一种用于定义和描述XML文档结构与内容的模
      式语言,其出现是为了克服 DTD的局限性
      XMLSchema VS DTD
        【1】XMLSchema符合XML语法结构
        【2】DOM、SAX等XML APl很容易解析出XML Schema文档中的内容
        【3】XML Schema对名称空间支持得非常好
        【4】XML Schema比XML DTD支持更多的数据类型,并支持用户自定义新的数据
        【5】XMLSchema定义约東的能力非常强大,可以对XML实例文档作出组致的语意限制
        【6】XML Schema不能像DTD一样定义实体,比DTD更复杂,但Xml Schema 现在已是w3c组织标准,逐步取代DTD
      名称空间 namespace 对应一个约束文档
      如:<html:Table></html:Table>
        <life:Table></life:Table>
      Schema 约束快速入门
        【1】XML Schema问阿金本身就是xml文件,但它的扩展名异常为.xsd
        【2】一个XML Schema称为模式文档,遵循这个的我们称为实例文档
        【3】XML Schema必须有一个根节点,且为
        【4】需绑定到一个URI地址上
      (标签 属性 文本)
    • XDR
    • SOX
    7、解析xml文档dom

    ①Dom解析

    整个文档加载到内存中分配一个树形结构
    dom tree
    优点: 方便增删改
    缺点: 解析文件过大内存溢出
    daf6e4666eac45980c62e411879b52d3.png
    编程思路 DocumentBuilderFactory→DocumentBuilder →Document→通过节点获得NodeList→具体Node
    如果想修改 TransformerFactory→Transformer→ Transform(source,Result)

          @Test
    
          public void domParser() throws ParserConfigurationException, 
    SAXException, IOException{
    
                
    
                //获取DocumentBuilderFactory
    
                DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = 
    DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    
                //获取DocumentBuilder
    
                DocumentBuilder builder = 
    builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
    
                //通过documentBuilder获取Document对象
    
                 org.w3c.dom.Document document = builder.parse("book.xml");
    
                //通过元素的名字找到元素的集合
    
                NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("售价");
    
                //找到第二个元素
    
                org.w3c.dom.Node item = nodeList.item(0);
    
                //读出节点的文本内容
    
                String content = item.getTextContent();
    
                System.out.println(content);
    
          }
    
          @Test
    
          public void domModify() throws ParserConfigurationException, 
    SAXException, IOException, TransformerFactoryConfigurationError, 
    TransformerException {
    
                DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = 
    DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    
                DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = 
    builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
    
                org.w3c.dom.Document document = 
    documentBuilder.parse("book.xml");
    
                NodeList nList = document.getElementsByTagName("售价");
    
                org.w3c.dom.Node item = nList.item(1);
    
                item.setTextContent("99.0");
    
                
    
                Transformer transformer = 
    TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
    
                //new DOMSource(document)数据源
    
                //new StreamResult("book.xml")目的地
    
                transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new 
    StreamResult("book.xml"));
    
          }
    

    ②Sax解析

    public void saxParser() throws ParserConfigurationException, 
    SAXException, IOException {
    
                //获取工厂
    
                SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory = 
    SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
    
                SAXParser saxParser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser();
    
                //获取xmlReader通过这个reader可以设置ContentHandler
    
                XMLReader xmlReader = saxParser.getXMLReader();
    
                //不去直接实现ContentHandler,而是继承它的实现类DefaultHandler
    
                xmlReader.setContentHandler(new MyHandler());
    
                
    
                xmlReader.parse("book.xml");
    
          }
    
          /**
    
           * <u>sax</u>转AraryList
    
           * @throws ParserConfigurationException
    
           * @throws SAXException
    
           * @throws IOException 
    
           */
    
    
    
          public void saxParser2() throws ParserConfigurationException, 
    SAXException, IOException {
    
                SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory = 
    SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
    
                SAXParser saxParser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser();
    
                XMLReader xmlReader = saxParser.getXMLReader();
    
                
    
                xmlReader.setContentHandler(new DefaultHandler() {
    
                      boolean isPrice = false;
    
                      int cnt = 0;
    
                      @Override
    
                      public void startElement(String uri, String localName, 
    String qName, Attributes attributes)
    
                                  throws SAXException {
    
                            if("售价".equals(qName)) {
    
                                  isPrice = true;
    
                                  cnt++;
    
                            }
    
                      }
    
    
    
                      @Override
    
                      public void endElement(String uri, String localName, 
    String qName) throws SAXException {
    
                            if("售价".equals(qName)) {
    
                                  isPrice = false;
    
                            }
    
                      }
    
    
    
                      @Override
    
                      public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int 
    length) throws SAXException {
    
                            if(isPrice&&cnt==1) {
    
                                  System.out.println(new String(ch, start, 
    length));
    
                            }
    
                      }
    
                      
    
                });
    
                xmlReader.parse("book.xml");
    
                
    
          }
    
          @Test
    
          public void saxParserList() throws ParserConfigurationException, 
    SAXException, IOException {
    
                SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory = 
    SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
    
                SAXParser saxParser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser();
    
                XMLReader reader = saxParser.getXMLReader();
    
                reader.setContentHandler(new DefaultHandler() {
    
    
    
                      private ArrayList<Book> books = null;
    
                      private Book book = null;
    
                      String tag = "";
    
                      @Override
    
                      public void startElement(String uri, String localName, 
    String qName, Attributes attributes)
    
                                  throws SAXException {
    
                            switch (qName) {
    
                            case "书架":
    
                                  books  = new ArrayList<>();
    
                                  break;
    
                            case "书":
    
                                  book  = new Book();
    
                                  break;
    
                            case "书名":
    
                                  tag = "书名";
    
                                  break;
    
                            case "作者":
    
                                  tag = "作者";
    
                                  break;
    
                            
    
                            case "售价":
    
                                  tag = "售价";
    
                                  break;
    
                            default:
    
                                  break;
    
                            }
    
                      }
    
    
    
                      @Override
    
                      public void endElement(String uri, String localName, 
    String qName) throws SAXException {
    
                            tag = "";
    
                            if("书架".equals(qName)) {
    
                                  for(Book book:books) {
    
                                        System.out.println(book);
    
                                  }
    
                            }else if("书".equals(qName)){
    
                                  books.add(book);
    
                            }
    
                      }
    
    
    
                      @Override
    
                      public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int 
    length) throws SAXException {
    
                            String string = new String(ch, start, length);
    
                            switch (tag) {
    
                            case "书名":
    
                                  book.setName(string);
    
                                  break;
    
                            case "作者":
    
                                  book.setAuthor(string);
    
                                  break;
    
                            case "售价":
    
                                  book.setPrice(string);
    
                                  break;
    
                            default:
    
                                  break;
    
                            }
    
                            
    
                      }
    
                      
    
                });
    
                reader.parse("book.xml");
    
          }
    
          
    
          private class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler{
    
    
    
                @Override
    
                public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
    
                      System.out.println("文档开始");
    
                }
    
    
    
                @Override
    
                public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
    
                      System.out.println("文档结束");
    
                }
    
    
    
                @Override
    
                public void startElement(String uri, String localName, 
    String qName, Attributes attributes)
    
                            throws SAXException {
    
                      System.out.println("<" + qName+">");
    
                }
    
    
    
                @Override
    
                public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String 
    qName) throws SAXException {
    
                      System.out.println("</"+qName+ ">");
    
                }
    
    
    
                @Override
    
                public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) 
    throws SAXException {
    
                      String string = new String(ch, start, length);
    
                      System.out.println(string);
    
                }
    
                
    
                
    
          }
    
    
    

    ③Pull解析
    与此相关的jar包

    public void pullParser() throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
    
                ArrayList<Book> list = null;
    
                Book book = null;
    
                //获取工厂
    
                XmlPullParserFactory factory = 
    XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
    
                //获取<u>Xml</u>解析器
    
                XmlPullParser parser = factory.newPullParser();
    
                //给解析器设置输入源
    
                //第一个参数类型是输入流,第二个是文档用到的字符集
    
                parser.setInput(new FileInputStream(new File("book.xml")), 
    "utf-8");
    
                
    
                //获取当前事件
    
                int eventType = parser.getEventType();
    
                while(eventType!=XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
    
                      switch (eventType) {
    
                      case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
    
                            //获取当前标签名 parser.getName()
    
                            if("书架".equals(parser.getName())) {
    
                                  //创建一个集合
    
                                  list = new ArrayList<>();
    
                            }else if ("书".equals(parser.getName())) {
    
                                  //创建Book对象
    
                                  book = new Book();
    
                                  //parser.nextText() 获取当前的节点的下一个文本
    
                            }else if ("书名".equals(parser.getName())) {
    
                                  //book对象设置name属性
    
                                  book.setName(parser.nextText());
    
                            }else if ("作者".equals(parser.getName())) {
    
                                  //book对象设置author属性
    
                                  book.setAuthor(parser.nextText());
    
                            }else if ("售价".equals(parser.getName())) {
    
                                  //book对象设置price属性
    
                                  book.setPrice(parser.nextText());
    
                            }
    
                            
    
                            break;
    
                      case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
    
                            
    
                            //巴蜀对象添加到list集合中
    
                            if("书".equals(parser.getName())) {
    
                                  list.add(book);
    
                            }
    
                            break;
    
                      default:
    
                            break;
    
                      }
    
                      
    
                      //调用下一个事件
    
                      eventType = parser.next();
    
                }
    
                //遍历list集合
    
                for(Book e:list) {
    
                      System.out.println(e);
    
                }
    
          }
    
    
    
    8、JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)

    一种简单的数据格式,比xml更轻巧
    规则简单
    1)映射使用“:”表示。名称:值
    2)并列数据之间使用逗号分隔。名称1:值1,名称2:值2
    3)映射的集合用大括号表示。{名称1:值1,名称2:值2}
    4)并列数据使用方括号“[]”.[{名称1:值1,名称2:值2},{名称1:值1,名称2:值2}]
    元素值可具有的类型:string,number,object,array,true,false,null
    常见API

    //将json字符串转成JSONObject对象
    JSONObject jb = new JSONObject(String source);
    Object get(String key)
    int getInt(String key)
    String getString(String key)
    XXX getXXX(String key)
    JSONArray getJSONArray(String key)
    
    //将字符串转换出JSONArray对象
    JSONArray jsArray = new JSONArray(String source)
    

    与JSON相关的jar包

          public void jsonTest() throws JSONException {
    
                String jString = "{'name':'张三','age':'20'}";
    
                //根据具有<u>json</u>格式的字符串就可以创建一个<u>json</u>对象
    
                JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(jString);
    
                //获取对象后 就可以通过key去取值 根据需求选择相关的getXXX方法
    
                //可以获取的类型 string long double boolean object
    
                String name = obj.getString("name");
    
                int age = obj.getInt("age");
    
                System.out.println(name + " , " + age);
    
          }
    
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lyhcc/p/10553922.html
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