[Ogre][地形][原创]基于OgreTerrain的地形实现

 需要用到的外部图片资源：

在ogre调用时需要多用到的几个外部dll：

OgreTerrain_d.dll

需要添加头文件

#include "OgreOgre.h"
#include "OgreOgreFileSystemLayer.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrain.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrainGroup.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrainQuadTreeNode.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrainMaterialGeneratorA.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrainPaging.h"

定义类初始化需要的结构体

struct CrisTerrainInitStruct
{
CrisTerrainInitStruct():m_scenemanager(NULL),fMaxHoriz(1000),fMinHoriz(0),sMapFilename(""),sElevationFilename(""),fMapSize(TERRAIN_WORLD_SIZE)
{
fInputScale = fMaxHoriz - fMinHoriz;
}
SceneManager* m_scenemanager;
String sMapFilename; //地图卫星图片
String sElevationFilename;//高程图
Real fMinHoriz;//最低点
Real fMaxHoriz;//最高点
Real fMapSize;//地形边长
Real fInputScale; //地形高低差 对比像素的0~1 .可以不需要设置
//位置放在000点，
};

类的外部接口

void Init(CrisTerrainInitStruct* sInitData);

实现的一些重要步骤：

第一步  创建地形全局配置 TerrainGlobalOptions

mTerrainGlobals = OGRE_NEW TerrainGlobalOptions();
//TerrainGlobalOptions是一个类，定义了地形块的一些全局变量和默认值，需要的话我们可以改变他的变量参数，我们后面再做改变。

 第二步  创建地形分组Ogre::TerrainGroup

//实例化一个TerrainGroup对象

mTerrainGroup = OGRE_NEW TerrainGroup(mSceneMgr, Terrain::ALIGN_X_Z, TERRAIN_SIZE, m_sInitData->fMapSize);

第三步  配置地图块参数 configureTerrainDefaults

configureTerrainDefaults();

第四步  创建地形分块

//defineTerrain方法首先要指定该块地形在地形分组中的索引位置，然后第三个参数必须指定高度数据,用灰度图创建山地地形
for (long x = TERRAIN_PAGE_MIN_X; x <= TERRAIN_PAGE_MAX_X; ++x)
for (long y = TERRAIN_PAGE_MIN_Y; y <= TERRAIN_PAGE_MAX_Y; ++y)
defineTerrain(x, y, blankTerrain);

下面是我的代码：

头文件：

#pragma once
#define DebugTerrain
#include "OgreOgre.h"
#include "OgreOgreFileSystemLayer.h"
#include "CrisConfigCrisConfig.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrain.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrainGroup.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrainQuadTreeNode.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrainMaterialGeneratorA.h"
#include "OgreOgreTerrainPaging.h"

//分页多少
#define TERRAIN_PAGE_MIN_X 0
#define TERRAIN_PAGE_MIN_Y 0
#define TERRAIN_PAGE_MAX_X 0
#define TERRAIN_PAGE_MAX_Y 0

#define TERRAIN_FILE_PREFIX String("testTerrain")
#define TERRAIN_FILE_SUFFIX String("dat")
#define TERRAIN_WORLD_SIZE 1200.0f
#define TERRAIN_SIZE 513


using namespace Ogre;

struct CrisTerrainInitStruct
{
	CrisTerrainInitStruct():m_scenemanager(NULL),fMaxHoriz(1000),fMinHoriz(0),sMapFilename(""),sElevationFilename(""),fMapSize(TERRAIN_WORLD_SIZE)
	{
		fInputScale = fMaxHoriz - fMinHoriz;
	}
	SceneManager*	m_scenemanager;
	String			sMapFilename;	//地图卫星图片
	String			sElevationFilename;//高程图
	Real			fMinHoriz;//最低点
	Real			fMaxHoriz;//最高点
	Real			fMapSize;//地形边长
	Real			fInputScale;	//地形高低差 对比像素的0~1 .可以不需要设置
//位置放在000点，
};

class CrisTerrain
{
public:
	CrisTerrain();
	~CrisTerrain();
	void Init(CrisTerrainInitStruct*	sInitData);

	//void setTerrainImage(const Ogre::String& szCfgFilename = "terrain_texture.jpg");

protected:
	TerrainGlobalOptions* mTerrainGlobals;
	TerrainGroup* mTerrainGroup;
	TerrainPaging* mTerrainPaging;
	PageManager* mPageManager;

	void testOption();//为了小样例测试加载的，在大工程中可以直接不用
private:
	CrisTerrainInitStruct*	m_sInitData;
	void loadConfigFile(const Ogre::String& szCfgFilename = "");

	Ogre::String						m_szConfigFileName;
	CCrisConfigManager                  m_hConfigMgr;

	bool mFly;
	Real mFallVelocity;
	Real mBrushSizeTerrainSpace;
		
	Real mHeightUpdateCountDown;
	Real mHeightUpdateRate;
	Vector3 mTerrainPos;
	bool mTerrainsImported;

	SceneManager*			mSceneMgr;

	/** @brief 实例化地形 */
	void setupContent();
	/** @brief 实例化地形参数 */
	void configureTerrainDefaults();
	void initBlendMaps(Terrain* terrain);
	void defineTerrain(long x, long y, bool flat = false);
	void getTerrainImage(bool flipX, bool flipY, Image& img);


};

　　实现文件：

#include "Terrain.h"

CrisTerrain::CrisTerrain(): mTerrainGroup(0)
	, mTerrainPaging(0)
	, mPageManager(0)
	, mFallVelocity(0)
	, mBrushSizeTerrainSpace(0.02)
	, mHeightUpdateCountDown(0)
	, mTerrainPos(0,0,0)
	, mTerrainsImported(false)
{

}

CrisTerrain::~CrisTerrain()
{

}


void CrisTerrain::Init(CrisTerrainInitStruct*	sInitData)
{
	mSceneMgr = sInitData->m_scenemanager;
	m_sInitData = sInitData;
	setupContent();
	//loadConfigFile("terrain.cfg");
}

void CrisTerrain::loadConfigFile(const String& szFilename)
{
	if(!szFilename.empty())
		m_szConfigFileName = szFilename;
	else
		return;
	
	//m_hConfigMgr.LoadFromResourceSystem(m_szConfigFileName);
	//String worldTexture = m_hConfigMgr.GetValueString("Ter", "WorldTexture", "testter.jpg");
	//OutputDebugString(worldTexture.c_str());
	
}

//void CrisTerrain::setTerrainImage(const Ogre::String& szCfgFilename)
//{
//	Terrain::ImportData& defaultimp = mTerrainGroup->getDefaultImportSettings();
//	defaultimp.terrainSize = TERRAIN_SIZE;//不太了解，调试中，这个值越小，地图边缘锯齿现象越严重，太小的话，运行起来程序会跑死、出错
//	defaultimp.worldSize = m_sInitData->fMapSize;//假设为a，那么地图大小为 a x a
//	defaultimp.inputScale = 60;//决定地图最大落差（高度），即位图中白色和黑色部分的高度差
//	defaultimp.minBatchSize = 33;
//	defaultimp.maxBatchSize = 65;
//	// textures
//	defaultimp.layerList.resize(3);//这里设置了3层纹理，DDS为一种高级的纹理模式，DirectDrawSurface，觉得难以理解的话
////可以理解为一种特殊的.jpg图片模式，但是用DDS质材的话可以接收并显示地形阴影，用JPG就显示不出来，而且据我调试观
////察发现，第一个.dds质材是用来显示纹理图形，第二个.dds才是用来接收和显示阴影的
//
//	defaultimp.layerList[0].worldSize = 1;//这个值关系到此贴图的细致程度，太大的话图片被拉伸得很大，看起来模糊
//	defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.push_back(szCfgFilename);
//	defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.push_back(szCfgFilename);
//	defaultimp.layerList[1].worldSize = 1;
//	defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.push_back(szCfgFilename);
//	defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.push_back(szCfgFilename);
//	defaultimp.layerList[2].worldSize = 2;
//	defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.push_back(szCfgFilename);
//	defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.push_back(szCfgFilename);
//
//	mTerrainGroup->loadAllTerrains(true);
//
//	if (mTerrainsImported)
//	{
//		TerrainGroup::TerrainIterator ti = mTerrainGroup->getTerrainIterator();
//		while(ti.hasMoreElements())
//		{
//			Terrain* t = ti.getNext()->instance;
//			initBlendMaps(t);
//		}
//	}
//
//	mTerrainGroup->freeTemporaryResources();
//}

void CrisTerrain::testOption()
{
	//mEditMarker = mSceneMgr->createEntity("editMarker", "sphere.mesh");
	//mEditNode = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode();
	//mEditNode->attachObject(mEditMarker);
	//mEditNode->setScale(0.05, 0.05, 0.05);

	
	Ogre::FileSystemLayer* mFSLayer = OGRE_NEW_T(Ogre::FileSystemLayer, Ogre::MEMCATEGORY_GENERAL)(OGRE_VERSION_NAME);
	ResourceGroupManager::getSingleton().createResourceGroup("Terrain");
	ResourceGroupManager::getSingleton().addResourceLocation(mFSLayer->getWritablePath(""), "FileSystem", "Terrain", false, false);
	
	MaterialManager::getSingleton().setDefaultTextureFiltering(TFO_ANISOTROPIC);
	MaterialManager::getSingleton().setDefaultAnisotropy(7);
	

	//mSceneMgr->setFog(FOG_LINEAR, ColourValue(0.7, 0.7, 0.8), 0, 1000, 2500);

	LogManager::getSingleton().setLogDetail(LL_BOREME);
		
	mSceneMgr->setAmbientLight(ColourValue(0.6, 0.6, 0.6));

	
	//// create a few entities on the terrain
	//Entity* e = mSceneMgr->createEntity("tudorhouse.mesh");
	//Vector3 entPos(mTerrainPos.x + 2043, 0, mTerrainPos.z + 1715);
	//Quaternion rot;
	//entPos.y = mTerrainGroup->getHeightAtWorldPosition(entPos) + 65.5 + mTerrainPos.y;
	//rot.FromAngleAxis(Degree(Math::RangeRandom(-180, 180)), Vector3::UNIT_Y);
	//SceneNode* sn = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode(entPos, rot);
	//sn->setScale(Vector3(0.12, 0.12, 0.12));
	//sn->attachObject(e);

	//mSceneMgr->setSkyBox(true, "Examples/CloudyNoonSkyBox");
}

void CrisTerrain::setupContent()
{
	bool blankTerrain = false;
	//blankTerrain = true;

	mTerrainGlobals = OGRE_NEW TerrainGlobalOptions();
	//TerrainGlobalOptions是一个类，定义了地形块的一些全局变量和默认值，需要的话我们可以改变他的变量参数，我们后面再做改变。

#ifdef DebugTerrain
	testOption();
#endif

	//创建地形分组Ogre::TerrainGroup	
	/*实例化一个TerrainGroup对象
	参数1：为他指定场管理器、
	参数2：地形的平铺方向，平铺方向一般采用ALIGN_X_Z，也就是采用Y作为高度
	参数3：unit16 TERRAINSIZE=2~n+1，比如512+1=513，不符合公式的可能会导致地图显示异常，表示“The
	size of each terrain down one edge in vertices (2^n+1)”楼主只能理解意思，不能完全正确
	表达其中的专有名词，实际调试中，这个参数影响地图边缘的锯齿度，越小锯齿越明显，取值太小
	的话，运行会错误；
	参数4：Real TERRAINWORLDSIZE，地图大小，表示地图正方形的边长）
	*/
	mTerrainGroup = OGRE_NEW TerrainGroup(mSceneMgr, Terrain::ALIGN_X_Z, TERRAIN_SIZE, m_sInitData->fMapSize);
	//定义命名前缀
	mTerrainGroup->setFilenameConvention(TERRAIN_FILE_PREFIX, TERRAIN_FILE_SUFFIX);
	//设置了该地形组的起始位置，在以后创建的地形块中均采用此位置作为相对位置
	mTerrainGroup->setOrigin(mTerrainPos);
	mTerrainGroup->setResourceGroup("Terrain");

	//配置地图块参数 configureTerrainDefaults
	configureTerrainDefaults();

	for (long x = TERRAIN_PAGE_MIN_X; x <= TERRAIN_PAGE_MAX_X; ++x)
		for (long y = TERRAIN_PAGE_MIN_Y; y <= TERRAIN_PAGE_MAX_Y; ++y)
			defineTerrain(x, y, blankTerrain);

	// 开始前加载好
	mTerrainGroup->loadAllTerrains(true);

	if (mTerrainsImported)
	{
		TerrainGroup::TerrainIterator ti = mTerrainGroup->getTerrainIterator();
		while(ti.hasMoreElements())
		{
			Terrain* t = ti.getNext()->instance;
			initBlendMaps(t);
		}
	}

	mTerrainGroup->freeTemporaryResources();
}

void CrisTerrain::getTerrainImage(bool flipX, bool flipY, Image& img)
{
	img.load(m_sInitData->sElevationFilename, ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME);
	if (flipX)
		img.flipAroundY();
	if (flipY)
		img.flipAroundX();

}

void CrisTerrain::defineTerrain(long x, long y, bool flat)
{
	// if a file is available, use it
	// if not, generate file from import

	// Usually in a real project you'll know whether the compact terrain data is
	// available or not; I'm doing it this way to save distribution size

	if (flat)
	{
		mTerrainGroup->defineTerrain(x, y, 0.0f);
	}
	else
	{
		String filename = mTerrainGroup->generateFilename(x, y);
		if (ResourceGroupManager::getSingleton().resourceExists(mTerrainGroup->getResourceGroup(), filename))
		{
			mTerrainGroup->defineTerrain(x, y);
		}
		else
		{
			Image img;
			getTerrainImage(x % 2 != 0, y % 2 != 0, img);
			mTerrainGroup->defineTerrain(x, y, &img);
			mTerrainsImported = true;
		}

	}
}

void CrisTerrain::configureTerrainDefaults()
{
	// Configure global
	mTerrainGlobals->setMaxPixelError(8);
	// testing composite map
	mTerrainGlobals->setCompositeMapDistance(3000);//距离镜头超过3000部分使用地图合成（CompositeMap）模式表现
	//mTerrainGlobals->setUseRayBoxDistanceCalculation(true);
	//mTerrainGlobals->getDefaultMaterialGenerator()->setDebugLevel(1);
	//mTerrainGlobals->setLightMapSize(256);

	// Configure default import settings for if we use imported image
	Terrain::ImportData& defaultimp = mTerrainGroup->getDefaultImportSettings();
	defaultimp.terrainSize = TERRAIN_SIZE;//不太了解，调试中，这个值越小，地图边缘锯齿现象越严重，太小的话，运行起来程序会跑死、出错
	defaultimp.worldSize = m_sInitData->fMapSize;//假设为a，那么地图大小为 a x a
	defaultimp.inputScale = m_sInitData->fInputScale;//决定地图最大落差（高度），即位图中白色和黑色部分的高度差
	defaultimp.minBatchSize = 33;
	defaultimp.maxBatchSize = 65;
	// textures
	defaultimp.layerList.resize(3);//这里设置了3层纹理，DDS为一种高级的纹理模式，DirectDrawSurface，觉得难以理解的话
//可以理解为一种特殊的.jpg图片模式，但是用DDS质材的话可以接收并显示地形阴影，用JPG就显示不出来，而且据我调试观
//察发现，第一个.dds质材是用来显示纹理图形，第二个.dds才是用来接收和显示阴影的

	defaultimp.layerList[0].worldSize = m_sInitData->fMapSize;//这个值关系到此贴图的细致程度，太大的话图片被拉伸得很大，看起来模糊
	defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.push_back(m_sInitData->sMapFilename);
	defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.push_back(m_sInitData->sMapFilename);
	defaultimp.layerList[1].worldSize = m_sInitData->fMapSize;
	defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.push_back("white2.dds");
	defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.push_back("white2.dds");
	defaultimp.layerList[2].worldSize = m_sInitData->fMapSize;
	defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.push_back("white2.dds");
	defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.push_back("white2.dds");

	//defaultimp.layerList[0].worldSize = 100;//这个值关系到此贴图的细致程度，太大的话图片被拉伸得很大，看起来模糊
	//defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.push_back("dirt_grayrocky_diffusespecular.dds");
	//defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.push_back("dirt_grayrocky_normalheight.dds");
	//defaultimp.layerList[1].worldSize = 30;
	//defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.push_back("grass_green-01_diffusespecular.dds");
	//defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.push_back("grass_green-01_normalheight.dds");
	//defaultimp.layerList[2].worldSize = 100;
	//defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.push_back("growth_weirdfungus-03_diffusespecular.dds");
	//defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.push_back("growth_weirdfungus-03_normalheight.dds");
}


void CrisTerrain::initBlendMaps(Terrain* terrain)
{
	TerrainLayerBlendMap* blendMap0 = terrain->getLayerBlendMap(1);
	TerrainLayerBlendMap* blendMap1 = terrain->getLayerBlendMap(2);
	Real minHeight0 = 70;
	Real fadeDist0 = 40;
	Real minHeight1 = 70;
	Real fadeDist1 = 15;
	float* pBlend1 = blendMap1->getBlendPointer();
	for (Ogre::uint16 y = 0; y < terrain->getLayerBlendMapSize(); ++y)
	{
		for (Ogre::uint16 x = 0; x < terrain->getLayerBlendMapSize(); ++x)
		{
			Real tx, ty;

			blendMap0->convertImageToTerrainSpace(x, y, &tx, &ty);
			Real height = terrain->getHeightAtTerrainPosition(tx, ty);
			Real val = (height - minHeight0) / fadeDist0;
			Math::Clamp(val, (Real)0, (Real)1);

			val = (height - minHeight1) / fadeDist1;
			val = Math::Clamp(val, (Real)0, (Real)1);
			*pBlend1++ = val;


		}
	}
	blendMap0->dirty();
	blendMap1->dirty();
	//blendMap0->loadImage("blendmap1.png", ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME);
	blendMap0->update();
	blendMap1->update();

	// set up a colour map
	/*
	if (!terrain->getGlobalColourMapEnabled())
	{
	terrain->setGlobalColourMapEnabled(true);
	Image colourMap;
	colourMap.load("testcolourmap.jpg", ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME);
	terrain->getGlobalColourMap()->loadImage(colourMap);
	}
	*/

}