• asp.net core 实现 api网关 进行 api版本控制


    场景

      由一次大的项目改动引起的app端api不兼容问题,这时候就需要对api做版本控制了,权衡之后因为用户不多,选择了强更,没人想在已经写了8000行代码的单个svc文件中维护好几个版本的接口或者继续新建svc(wcf配置较繁琐),但暴露出的版本控制问题还是要解决的,不能每次都强更呀。

    api版本控制方案

      分项目进行版本控制,一个项目一个版本号,维护两个版本号,分开部署,根据其版本号路由到对应host。

      根据当前项目情况,为了同时完成技术迭代(因没有code review,多次经手,wcf中基于http的api已经难以维护,并且使用的是.net fx4.0,各种不便,完全重构是不可能的),所以新版本采用restful web api(本来想直接上.net core web api,成本...)。

      关于api版本控制的其他几种方案不详述,网上很多文章,可以自己搜搜看,对比选用适合自己的方案。

           rest风格的api版本控制

    此时需要将老的wcf 和新web api管理起来了,做一个api网关再合适不过 ,不仅处理了版本控制的问题,后面还可扩展网关的其他职能,迈开了从单体过渡到SOA的步伐

     

    api网关方案:使用.net core web自实现(本来想使用Ocelot ,全套当然方便,因其版本控制基于url,我更倾向于rest基于http headers accept来控制,所以自己写吧)

     

    api网关落地:

    1.对服务的管理设计

      建了一个json文件来配置对服务的管理,因其要保留网关其他职能的可能性,所以设计时要注意其扩展性,当然目前没做服务发现,所以需要这么一个设计来管理服务。

      知道vnd啥意思吗?搜了半天才知道,自定义mime类型的前缀,当然在这里不是必须的,反正都是你自己约定解析的,当然对公还是遵循通用规范好一些。

      rule里面是对请求的验证规则,顺便使用polly做了重试和超时。

     1 {
     2   "Rule": {
     3     "CORS": {
     4       "AllowOrigins": "",
     5       "AllowMethods": "GET,POST,PUT,DELETE",
     6       "AllowHeaders": "Accept,Content-Type"
     7     },
     8     "Headers": {
     9       "AcceptPrefix": "vnd.saas.services.",
    10       "AcceptKey": "version",
    11       "AcceptContentType": "json"
    12     },
    13     "API": {
    14       "FilterAPI": "",
    15       "APITimeOut": "60"
    16     }
    17 
    18   },
    19   "Services": {
    20     "main": {
    21       "v1": {
    22         "Host": "",
    23         "Port": "",
    24         "Deprecated": false
    25       },
    26       "v2": {
    27         "Host": "",
    28         "Port": "",
    29         "Deprecated": false
    30       }
    31     }
    32 
    33   }
    34 
    35 }
    services.json

    2.构建中间件处理请求

      *注入IConfiguration和IHttpClientFactory,用来读取json配置和发送请求

      *解析请求中http headers 中accept属性,我这里就是通过分割字符串来解析,反正网上我是没找到解析accept中自定义mime类型的方法,然后与配置中的要求对比,拿到其路由信息

      *处理一些非法请求及错误

      *发送请求到该版本服务,正确返回后响应给请求者

      1 public class RequestMiddleware
      2     {
      3         private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
      4         private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
      5         private readonly IHttpClientFactory _clientFactory;
      6 
      7         public RequestMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IConfiguration configuration, IHttpClientFactory clientFactory)
      8         {
      9             _next = next;
     10             _configuration = configuration;
     11             _clientFactory = clientFactory;
     12         }
     13 
     14         public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
     15         {
     16             var acceptStr = context.Request.Headers["Accept"]+"";
     17             var acceptPrefix= _configuration.GetSection("Rule:Headers:AcceptPrefix").Value;
     18             var acceptKey = _configuration.GetSection("Rule:Headers:AcceptKey").Value;
     19             var acceptContentType = _configuration.GetSection("Rule:Headers:AcceptContentType").Value;
     20             var filterAPI = _configuration.GetSection("Rule:API:FilterAPI").Value;
     21             var version = new ServiceVersion();
     22             var response = new HttpResponseMessage();
     23             var error_code = 0;
     24             var error_message = string.Empty;
     25 
     26             //default in now
     27             var accept = new Accept()
     28             {
     29                 ServiceName = "main",
     30                 Version = "v1",
     31                 AcceptContentType = "json"
     32             };
     33 
     34             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(acceptStr))
     35             {
     36                 var acceptArray = acceptStr.Split(';');
     37                 if (acceptArray.Length >= 2 && acceptArray[0].Contains(acceptPrefix) && acceptArray[1].Contains(acceptKey))
     38                 {
     39 
     40                     accept.ServiceName = acceptArray[0].Split('+')[0].Replace(acceptPrefix, "");
     41                     accept.AcceptContentType = acceptArray[0].Split('+')[1];
     42                     accept.Version = acceptArray[1].Split('=')[1];
     43                 }
     44                 
     45             }
     46 
     47             if (_configuration.GetSection($"Services:{accept.ServiceName}:{accept.Version}").Exists())
     48             {
     49                 _configuration.GetSection($"Services:{accept.ServiceName}:{accept.Version}").Bind(version);
     50             }
     51             else
     52             {
     53                 response.StatusCode= HttpStatusCode.BadRequest;
     54                 error_code = (int)HttpStatusCode.BadRequest;
     55                 error_message = "You should check that the request headers is correct";
     56             }
     57             if (version.Deprecated)
     58             {
     59                 response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.MovedPermanently;
     60                 error_code = (int)HttpStatusCode.MovedPermanently;
     61                 error_message = "You should check the version of the API";
     62             }
     63             
     64 
     65             try
     66             {
     67                 if (error_code == 0)
     68                 {
     69                     // filter api
     70                     var sourceName = context.Request.Path.Value.Split('/');
     71                     if (sourceName.Length > 1 && filterAPI.Contains(sourceName[sourceName.Length - 1]))
     72                         accept.ServiceName = "FilterAPI";
     73 
     74                     context.Request.Host = new HostString(version.Host, version.Port);
     75                     context.Request.PathBase = "";
     76 
     77                     var client = _clientFactory.CreateClient(accept.ServiceName);//rename to filter
     78                     var requestMessage = context.Request.ToHttpRequestMessage();
     79 
     80                     //var response = await Policy.NoOpAsync().ExecuteAsync(()=> {
     81                     //    return  client.SendAsync(requestMessage, context.RequestAborted); ;
     82                     //});
     83                     response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage, context.RequestAborted);
     84                 }
     85             }
     86             catch (Exception ex)
     87             {
     88                 response.StatusCode= HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
     89                 error_code = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
     90                 error_message = "Internal Server Error";
     91 
     92             }
     93             finally
     94             {
     95                 if (error_code > 0) 
     96                 {
     97                     response.Headers.Clear();
     98                     response.Content = new StringContent("error is no content");
     99                     response.Headers.Add("error_code", error_code.ToString());
    100                     response.Headers.Add("error_message", error_message);
    101                 }
    102                 await response.ToHttpResponse(context);
    103             }
    104             await _next(context);
    105 
    106         }
    107     }
    108 
    109     // Extension method used to add the middleware to the HTTP request pipeline.
    110     public static class RequestMiddlewareExtensions
    111     {
    112         public static IApplicationBuilder UseRequestMiddleware(this IApplicationBuilder builder)
    113         {
    114             return builder.UseMiddleware<RequestMiddleware>();
    115         }
    116     }
    RequestMiddleware

     目前就构建了一个中间件,代码写得较乱

    3.注册中间件和服务配置

      *在ConfigureServices中将services.json注册进去,这样中间件中才能读到

      *在Configure中使用中间件

     1 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
     2         {
     3             
     4             var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder().SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()).AddJsonFile("Configs/services.json").Build();
     5             services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(c => configuration);
     6 
     7             var AllowOrigins =configuration.GetSection("Rule:CORS:AllowOrigins").Value.Split(',');
     8             var AllowMethods = configuration.GetSection("Rule:CORS:AllowMethods").Value.Split(',');
     9             var AllowHeaders = configuration.GetSection("Rule:CORS:AllowHeaders").Value.Split(',');
    10 
    11             services.AddCors(options => options.AddPolicy(
    12                 "CORS", policy => policy.WithOrigins(AllowOrigins).WithHeaders(AllowHeaders).WithMethods(AllowMethods).AllowCredentials()
    13                 ));
    14 
    15             var APITimeOut = int.Parse(configuration.GetSection("Rule:API:APITimeOut").Value);
    16             var timeOutPolicy = Policy.TimeoutAsync<HttpResponseMessage>(APITimeOut);
    17 
    18             var retryPolicy = HttpPolicyExtensions.HandleTransientHttpError()
    19             //.Or<{ExtensionsException}>()
    20             .Or<TimeoutRejectedException>()
    21             .WaitAndRetryAsync(new[]
    22                 {
    23                     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),
    24                     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3),
    25                     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(6)
    26                 });
    27 
    28             var policyWrap = Policy.WrapAsync(retryPolicy,timeOutPolicy);
    29             foreach (var keyValuePair in configuration.GetSection("Services").GetChildren()) //configuration..AsEnumerable()
    30             {
    31                 //if (!keyValuePair.Key.Contains(':'))
    32                     services.AddHttpClient(keyValuePair.Key).AddPolicyHandler(policyWrap); //SetHandlerLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)); default 2  .AddPolicyHandler(timeOutPolicy)
    33             }
    34         }
    35 
    36         // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    37         public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
    38         {
    39             app.UseCors("CORS");
    40             app.UseRequestMiddleware();
    41         }
    Startup

    4.客户端对网关的使用设计

      *客户端需要自己设计如何管理它请求的服务与版本

     1 {
     2   "AcceptPrefix": "vnd.saas.services.",
     3   "AcceptKey": "version",
     4   "Main": {
     5     "ServiceName": "main",
     6     "LastVersion": "v1",
     7     "NewestVersion": "v2",
     8     "AcceptContentType": "json"
     9   }
    10 
    11 }
    requestservices.json

    到此,一个.net core实现的用来做api版本控制的简单网关就搭建好了!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxz-blog/p/11389217.html
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