java框架-----spring框架------在自己的项目中如何用maven管理spring相关jar包

1.文章内容概述：

　　spring框架是支持maven的，因为spring框架的所有模块打包而成的jar包以及spring所依赖的其他jar包都被存放了一份在maven的中央仓库中，如果你的项目使用maven进行管理，那么你就可以在你的项目中通过maven来引入你的项目所依赖的spring相关的jar包或其他依赖库。

2.spring框架中maven相关的东西：

　　概述：使用maven管理spring相关的jar包，需要在pom.xml中配置groupId、artifactId之类的东西，只有在pom.xml中配置了这些东西，maven才会为你的项目查找maven的本地资源库--->中央仓库--->其他远程仓库,下载更新项目所依赖的相关jar包到你的本地仓库。

• •  groupId is org.springframework.　
  • ArtifactId见下表

GroupId	ArtifactId	Description
org.springframework	spring-aop	Proxy-based AOP support
org.springframework	spring-aspects	AspectJ based aspects
org.springframework	spring-beans	Beans support, including Groovy
org.springframework	spring-context	Application context runtime, including scheduling and remoting abstractions
org.springframework	spring-context-support	Support classes for integrating common third-party libraries into a Spring application context
org.springframework	spring-core	Core utilities, used by many other Spring modules
org.springframework	spring-expression	Spring Expression Language (SpEL)
org.springframework	spring-instrument	Instrumentation agent for JVM bootstrapping
org.springframework	spring-instrument-tomcat	Instrumentation agent for Tomcat
org.springframework	spring-jdbc	JDBC support package, including DataSource setup and JDBC access support
org.springframework	spring-jms	JMS support package, including helper classes to send and receive JMS messages
org.springframework	spring-messaging	Support for messaging architectures and protocols
org.springframework	spring-orm	Object/Relational Mapping, including JPA and Hibernate support
org.springframework	spring-oxm	Object/XML Mapping
org.springframework	spring-test	Support for unit testing and integration testing Spring components
org.springframework	spring-tx	Transaction infrastructure, including DAO support and JCA integration
org.springframework	spring-web	Web support packages, including client and web remoting
org.springframework	spring-webmvc	REST Web Services and model-view-controller implementation for web applications
org.springframework	spring-webmvc-portlet	MVC implementation to be used in a Portlet environment
org.springframework	spring-websocket	WebSocket and SockJS implementations, including STOMP support

3.在自己的项目中使用maven为我的项目添加spring相关jar包　

　　概述：在自己的项目中使用maven添加项目所依赖的spring相关jar包有多种方法，各种方法的详细状况叙述如下　

　　　3.1方法一，直接添加maven中央仓库中的spring框架相应模块对应的jar包，具体配置方法如下：　

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId><!--见本文章第二部分内容-->
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><!--见本文章中第二部分内容：表格-->
        <version>4.3.4.RELEASE</version><!--spring相关模块对应jar包的版本-->
        <scope>runtime</scope><!-- Note the scope can be declared as runtime if you don’t need to compile against 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   Spring APIs, which is typically the case for basic dependency injection use cases.-->
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

  　　3.2方法二，不从maven中央仓库下载，而是从其他远程仓库（这里指 Spring Maven repository也即spring网站）下载spring框架相关jar包到maven本地仓库，具体配置方法如下

概述：The example above works with the Maven Central repository. To use the Spring Maven repository (e.g. for milestones or developer snapshots), you need to specify the repository location in your Maven configuration. 

具体配置方法：如下，配置pom.xml文件

pom.xml

For full releases:

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>io.spring.repo.maven.release</id>
        <url>http://repo.spring.io/release/</url>
        <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
    </repository>
</repositories>

For milestones:

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>io.spring.repo.maven.milestone</id>
        <url>http://repo.spring.io/milestone/</url>
        <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
    </repository>
</repositories>

And for snapshots:

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>io.spring.repo.maven.snapshot</id>
        <url>http://repo.spring.io/snapshot/</url>
        <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
    </repository>
</repositories>

　

　3.3方法三，Maven "Bill Of Materials" Dependency

概述：　　

It is possible to accidentally mix different versions of Spring JARs when using Maven. For example, you may find that a third-party library, or another Spring project, pulls in a transitive dependency to an older release. If you forget to explicitly declare a direct dependency yourself, all sorts of unexpected issues can arise.

To overcome such problems Maven supports the concept of a "bill of materials" (BOM) dependency. You can import the spring-framework-bomin your dependencyManagement section to ensure that all spring dependencies (both direct and transitive) are at the same version.

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.4.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

An added benefit of using the BOM is that you no longer need to specify the <version> attribute when depending on Spring Framework artifacts:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
<dependencies>

　　第三部分内容小结：通过上面所述内容我们可以发现，使用maven给我们的软件项目添加spring各个模块对应的jar包以及spring所依赖的jar包共有两种方法，第一种方法就是将pom.xml配置成从maven中央仓库来下载spring相关jar包到maven本地仓库，这时主要是需要配置groupId、artifactId之类的元素；第二种方法就是将pom.xml配置成从spring远程仓库而非maven的中央仓库来进行管理spring相关jar包，从spring远程仓库下载而不是从maven中央仓库下载项目所依赖的spring相关jar包到计算机maven本地仓库。使用上述两种方法管理项目所依赖的spring相关jar包都是可以的，但是无论使用上述哪种方法，都要注意spring各个模块的jar包的版本冲突问题，譬如很可能你的spring-context-4.3.4.RELEASE.jar，但是spring-web模块相关jar包就配置成了3.4.3.RELEASE.jar，版本不一致，有可能会导致运行过程出错，为了避免spring不同模块之间版本不一致的问题，可以使用本章节第三小节：“　3.3方法三，Maven "Bill Of Materials" Dependency”中所述方法配置pom.xml

4.使用maven向自己的项目中添加spring框架的相关模块-----实例

　　实例一：在我的“机器学习过程管理平台”中往项目中添加了spring相关模块，step4----->往工程中添加Spring、SpringMVC、hibernate框架------->通过maven添加相关框架（pom.xml）