Go工程管理

go命令大全

Go is a tool for managing Go source code.

Usage:

        go <command> [arguments]

The commands are:

        bug         start a bug report
        build       compile packages and dependencies
        clean       remove object files and cached files
        doc         show documentation for package or symbol
        env         print Go environment information
        fix         update packages to use new APIs
        fmt         gofmt (reformat) package sources
        generate    generate Go files by processing source
        get         download and install packages and dependencies
        install     compile and install packages and dependencies
        list        list packages or modules
        mod         module maintenance
        run         compile and run Go program
        test        test packages
        tool        run specified go tool
        version     print Go version
        vet         report likely mistakes in packages

Use "go help <command>" for more information about a command.

Additional help topics:

        buildconstraint build constraints
        buildmode       build modes
        c               calling between Go and C
        cache           build and test caching
        environment     environment variables
        filetype        file types
        go.mod          the go.mod file
        gopath          GOPATH environment variable
        gopath-get      legacy GOPATH go get
        goproxy         module proxy protocol
        importpath      import path syntax
        modules         modules, module versions, and more
        module-get      module-aware go get
        module-auth     module authentication using go.sum
        module-private  module configuration for non-public modules
        packages        package lists and patterns
        testflag        testing flags
        testfunc        testing functions

Use "go help <topic>" for more information about that topic.

代码风格

1. 命名
   命名规则涉及变量、常量、全局函数、结构、接口、方法等的命名。 Go语言从语法层面进行了以下限定：任何需要对外暴露的名字必须以大写字母开头，不需要对外暴露的则应该以小写字母开头。Go语言明确宣告了拥护骆驼命名法而排斥下划线法

2. 格式化工具
   go fmt

远程 import 支持

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/myteam/exp/crc32"
)

上面代码引入了一个GitHub托管的包。
然后，在执行go build或者go install之前，只需要加这么一句：
go get github.com/myteam/exp/crc32

文档管理

// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
/*
Package foo implements a set of simple mathematical functions. These comments are for
demonstration purpose only. Nothing more.
If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to add yourself to
golang-nuts@googlegroups.com.
You can also visit golang.org for full Go documentation.
*/
package foo
import "fmt"
// Foo compares the two input values and returns the larger
// value. If the two values are equal, returns 0.
func Foo(a, b int) (ret int, err error) {
if a > b {
return a, nil
} else {
return b, nil
}
return 0, nil
}
// BUG(jack): #1: I'm sorry but this code has an issue to be solved.
// BUG(tom): #2: An issue assigned to another person.

在这段代码里，我们添加了4条注释：版权说明注释、包说明注释、函数说明注释和最后添
加的遗留问题说明。现在我们来提取注释并展示文档，具体代码如下：

go doc foo

工程构建

在正确设置GOPATH环境变量并按规范组织好源代码后，现在我们开始构建工程。当然，用的还是Gotool。我们可以使用go build命令来执行构建，它会在你运行该命令的目录中生成工程的目标二进制文件，而不产生其他结果

go build calc

下一步是将构建成功的包安装到恰当的位置，具体指令如下：

go install calc

跨平台开发

Windows编译Linux的执行文件
Linux编译Windows的执行文件