• 异机恢复测试


    --补充

    如果使用DG备份,搭建新测试环境注意,恢复控制文件角色配置为主库,否则恢复为备库角色,其余无特殊注意。

    restore primary controlfile from 'STANDBY CONTROLFILE';

    使用此方式:异机恢复,类似手工建库:区别在于,数据之前是有的,使用的是备份代替脚本,控制文件也是使用之前的备份

    异机恢复应用场景:A:几十个G的测试库,需要将测试数据完全复制,迁移到另一个库,使用RMAN与数据泵/exp相比,具有明显优势,使用此场景快速搭建

               B:灾备演练:使用备份,通过异机恢复的方式,验证备份的可用性

    备份区分:A全备传输+归档日志传输+控制文件+参数文件+密码口令文件

                 B全库0级备份+增量备份----

    本次实验测试:A/B  A-使用0级全备:类似全库备份方式,异机恢复

                B-A实验成功后,删除所有数据及备份信息,重新再来,使用全库备份+1级增量备份测试

    异机恢复流程:

    源端:

    实验环境:10.2.0.4

    全库备份:参数文件-控制文件-数据文件-归档日志文件

    传输: 备份信息从源端- 拷贝至 - 目标端

    目标端:

    创建准备:创建相应目录:密码文件:参数文件修改名称

    参数文件修改:

    使用参数文件,启动到Nomount状态

    RMAN: 使用备份的控制文件,restore恢复至,参数文件指定的控制文件名称,路径

    RMAN:注册备份片:数据文件、归档日志文件注册

    RMAN:restore 应用备份,还原数据文件, set修改数据文件目录结构

    RMAN: recover 应用日志恢复:open打开数据库

                  

    测试:A 

    #开启块跟踪,本次增量备份

    #开启归档模式:

    archive log list

    Database log mode              No Archive Mode

    [oracle@jiu ~]$ mkdir -p ./rman/arch

    [oracle@jiu ~]$ mkdir -p ./rman/data

    SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1="location=/home/oracle/rman/arch";

    SQL> shutdown immediate;

    SQL> startup mount;

    SQL> alter database archivelog;

    SQL> alter database open;

    #开启块跟踪

    SQL> select status,filename from v$block_change_tracking;   DISABLED

    [oracle@jiu ~]$ mkdir ./rman/block_trc

    SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/blk.trc';

    #备份指令:

    RMAN> run{

     allocate channel c1 type disk;

     allocate channel c2 type disk;

     sql 'alter system switch logfile';

     crosscheck archivelog all;

     delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

     backup incremental level 0 database format '/home/oracle/rman/data/%U.bak' include current controlfile plus archivelog format '/home/oracle/rman/arch/%U.bk';

    }

    #查询备份的控制文件:备份片

    RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

    /home/oracle/rman/data/05sv2o0d_1_1.bak

    prkc-1024

    #传输:节省时间:

    #data

    [oracle@jiu data]$ scp * 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/data/.

    #arch

    [oracle@jiu arch]$ scp *.bk 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/arch/.

    #创建最新的pfile文件[如果目标端,选择不同sid,需要修改名称]

    SQL> create pfile from spfile;                 

    $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

    $ scp orapwjiu 192.168.20.55:/u02/app/oracle/10.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs/.

    $ scp initjiu.ora 192.168.20.55:/u02/app/oracle/10.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs/.

    #目标端:

    #创建目录结构,存储源端备份文件

     mkdir -p ./rman/arch

     mkdir -p ./rman/data

    #修改参数文件:

    #修改前

    *.audit_file_dest='/picclife/app/oracle/admin/jiu/adump'

    #修改A:OACLE_BASE不同,更好:替换

    %s#/picclife#/u02#g

    #替换后

    audit_file_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/adump'

    *.background_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/bdump'

    *.control_files='/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/control01.ctl','

    /u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/control02.ctl','/u02/app/oracle/o

    radata/jiu/control03.ctl'

    *.core_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/cdump'

    #*.local_listener='LISTENER_JIU'

    *.db_name='ceshi'

    *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u02/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

    *.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/rman/arch'

    *.user_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/udump'

    创建路径:以上列举的所有路径

    mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/adump

    #启动到nomount阶段:

    SQL> startup nomount;

    #源库端:事先查询,启动到Mount状态

    RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/data/05sv2o0d_1_1.bak';

    SQL> alter database mount;

    #由于两端环境目录不同,需要修改日志文件 and datafile文件的路径文件名称

    SQL> select name from v$datafile  

        union

         select member from v$logfile;

    /picclife/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/redo03.log

    /picclife/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/sysaux01.dbf

    #失策:无法修改rename datafile  NO:本次失败

    select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to  '||'''/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(name,instr(name,'/','-1')+1)||'''' ||';' from v$datafile;

    #日志文件OK

    select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to '||'''/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(member,instr(member,'/','-1')+1)||''''||';' from v$logfile;

    #数据文件:修改语句查询:

    SQL> select 'set newname for datafile '||file#||' to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(name,instr(name,'/','-1')+1)||'";' from v$datafile;

    #注册备份集:源库传输的备份集未注册无法使用

    RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle';

    #如果上述:rename datafile and logfile 可以使用如下,否则,无法使用

    run{

    allocate channel ch00 type disk;

    allocate channel ch01 type disk;

    set newname for database to '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/%b';

    restore database;

    release channel ch00;

    release channel ch01;

    }

    ######本次使用此方式:

    RMAN> run{

     set newname for datafile 1 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/system01.dbf";

     set newname for datafile 2 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/undotbs01.dbf";

     set newname for datafile 3 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/sysaux01.dbf";

     set newname for datafile 4 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/users01.dbf";

     set newname for datafile 5 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/example01.dbf";

     restore database;

     switch datafile all;

     }

    #RESTORE NEXT RECOVER

    RMAN> recover database;

    RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 8 lowscn 599018

    #源端查询:其实最开始查询最好

    SQL> select NAME,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE# from V$ARCHIVED_LOG order by NEXT_CHANGE#;

    /home/oracle/rman/arch/1_7_971921498.dbf

           598918       599018 --源库查询:最后的一个归档日志SCN

    #OPEN数据库

    RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

    ORA-19750: change tracking file: '/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/blk.trc'

    #本次测试环境:由于控制文件中,记录了开启块跟踪,本次解决思路,源端传输块跟踪文件

    mkdir -p ./rman/block_trc/

    ]$ scp blk.trc 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/.

    #???????

    RMAN> alter database open;

    #删除创建新的临时表空间

    SQL> create temporary tablespace temp001 tempfile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/temp.dbf' size 20m autoextend on;

    SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace temp001

    SQL> select tablespace_name,CONTENTS from dba_tablespaces where contents='TEMPORARY';

    TABLESPACE_NAME                CONTENTS

    ------------------------------ ---------

    TEMP                           TEMPORARY

    TEMP001                        TEMPORARY

    SQL> drop tablespace temp;

    B:使用全库备份0级备份  +增量备份进行异机恢复

    #使用A的测试环境,清空环境,避免干扰:

    #删除内容:

    块跟踪文件,数据文件,控制文件,日志文件

    #本次为了方便,测试,参数文件未修改,为了达到测试效果

    源库,创建一个新的表空间,创建一个测试表,已经在system表空间,创建一个测试表,模拟变化

    切换几次归档

    #模拟环境

    SQL> create tablespace ceshi datafile '/home/oracle/ceshi.dbf' size 20m;

    SQL> create table a tablespace system as select * from dba_objects;

    SQL>

      1* alter system switch logfile

    r

    r

    r

    r

    SQL> create table b tablespace ceshi as select * from dba_objects;

    SQL> alter system switch logfile;

    #备份指令: 原0级备份

    RMAN> run{

     allocate channel c1 type disk;

     allocate channel c2 type disk;

     sql 'alter system switch logfile';

     crosscheck archivelog all;

     delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

     backup incremental level 0 database format '/home/oracle/rman/data/%U.bak' include current controlfile plus archivelog format '/home/oracle/rman/arch/%U.bk';

    }

    #RMAN> list backup;

    BS 6最新

    #备份指令: 现1级备份,为了区分标识:名称前缀数值

    RMAN> run{

     allocate channel c1 type disk;

     allocate channel c2 type disk;

     sql 'alter system switch logfile';

     crosscheck archivelog all;

     delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

     backup incremental level 1 database format '/home/oracle/rman/data/20180414%U.bak' include current controlfile plus archivelog format '/home/oracle/rman/arch/20180414%U.bk';

    }

    RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

    Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman/data/201804140lsv2uij_1_1.bak

    #检测备份归档文件的有效性:

    --检测所有备份级

    RMAN> crosscheck backup;        RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;  --检测归档

    --列举出所有无效的备份集

    RMAN> list expired backup;         RMAN> list expired archivelog all; --查询归档

    --删除所有无效的归档

    RMAN> delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

    #传输:

    $ scp 20180414* 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/arch/.

    $ scp 201804140* 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/data/.

    目标端:

    修改口令文件,参数文件

    SQL> startup nomount;

    数据库启动到mount状态:

    RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/data/201804140lsv2uij_1_1.bak';

    SQL> alter database mount;  

    注册备份集:

    RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle';

    #修改日志文件,数据文件路径:rename 如果数据文件无法alter rename 则通过RMAN RUN块指定

    #日志文件OK

    select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to '||'''/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(member,instr(member,'/','-1')+1)||''''||';' from v$logfile;

    #数据文件:修改语句查询:

    SQL> select 'set newname for datafile '||file#||' to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(name,instr(name,'/','-1')+1)||'";' from v$datafile;

    #使用的是最新的控制文件,经过发现,有记录新的数据文件名称:

    RMAN> run{

    set newname for datafile 1 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/system01.dbf";

    set newname for datafile 2 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/undotbs01.dbf";

    set newname for datafile 3 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/sysaux01.dbf";

    set newname for datafile 4 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/users01.dbf";

    set newname for datafile 5 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/example01.dbf";

    set newname for datafile 6 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/ceshi.dbf";

     restore database;

     switch datafile all;

     }

    #测试没有块跟踪文件,是否可以open库

    RMAN> recover database;

    #在缺失块跟踪文件中,recover会话恢复断开:无法继续

    channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman/arch/201804140hsv2uic_1_1.bk

    channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

    piece handle=/home/oracle/rman/arch/201804140hsv2uic_1_1.bk tag=TAG20180330T111315

    channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

    archive log filename=/home/oracle/rman/arch/1_8_971921498.dbf thread=1 sequence=8

    ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

    RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database recover logfile '/home/oracle/rman/arch/1_8_971921498.dbf'

    ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

    ORA-19755: could not open change tracking file

    ORA-19750: change tracking file: '/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/blk.trc'

    #不用想了

    ]$ scp blk.trc 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/.

    #有条件的情况下,恢复到了最后一个22号

    RMAN> recover database;

    archive log filename=/home/oracle/rman/arch/1_22_971921498.dbf thread=1 sequence=22

    unable to find archive log

    archive log thread=1 sequence=23

    RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 23 lowscn 603484

    SQL>  select sequence#,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE# from V$ARCHIVED_LOG order by NEXT_CHANGE# ;

    SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE#

    ---------- ------------- ------------

             7        598918       599018

             8        599018       603069

             9        603069       603071

            10        603071       603080

      @@@@省略9个归档文件

            20        603400       603454

            21        603454       603470

            22        603470       603484

    #查询测试的表空间的create change#号

    SQL> select name,CREATION_CHANGE# from v$datafile;

    /home/oracle/ceshi.dbf

              602971

    #查询验证:之前recover database,恢复中断,因为缺少块跟踪文件,无法恢复,而断点在create tablespace SCN时的归档日志

    猜测:检测读取归档日志,读取到序列号8,发现有创建表空间的动作,缺少块跟踪文件,无法恢复

    #OPEN数据库:无法直接open

    #RMAN> alter database open;

    RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

    #照常,修改临时表空间---

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lvcha001/p/11634488.html
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