python画能级图

之前用 matplotlib.pyplot.quiver 画能级(横线)，发现画出来的一些图打印出来以后，粗横线中有细横线。所以网上搜了一下，试了一下新的办法：matplotlib.pyplot.hlines，发现不错，记在这里。

在下面的代码块中，Ln16 使用 plt.hlines 画能级图，如果需要仔细调线型，可以看 Ln13 中的 LineCollection 里的东西。

画出来的效果图在最后面。

#coding=utf-8

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib

#help(matplotlib.collections.LineCollection); exit(1)

def EnergyLevels( plt, xleft, xlabel, energy, flaglabel ):
        plt.hlines(energy, xleft, xleft + 0.7, colors='black')
        for i in range(len(energy)):
                t = energy[i]
                #plt.quiver(xleft, t, 1, 0, width = 0.003, scale=2, headlength=0, headwidth=0, scale_units='x')
                if flaglabel : plt.text(xlabel, t, '%d$^+$' % (2 * i), fontsize=10)
plt.figure(figsize=(10,4.8))
plt.cla()
ax = plt.axes()
plt.xticks([])
plt.axis(xmin = -11, xmax = 13, ymin = -2, ymax = 8)
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)
ax.tick_params(right=True,direction='in',length=5,width=1)
plt.ylabel("$E_x$ (MeV)", fontsize = 15)

# Xe124 data
J =    [        0,        2,        4,        6,        8,       10,       12,       14, 16 ]
PVPC_Ex = [     0,    0.152,    0.492,    1.000,    1.644,    2.475,   3.265,  4.237,  5.686 ]# Egs = -29.538
PHF_Ex = [      0,    0.138,    0.445,    0.899,    1.483,    2.187,   3.002,  3.942,  5.001 ]# Egs = -28.956
EXP_Ex = [      0,    0.354,    0.879,    1.548,    2.331,    3.171,   3.883, 4.613,  5.466 ]
xleft = -9; xlabel = xleft-1; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, EXP_Ex, True )
plt.text(xleft-0.5, -1, "Expt.", fontsize=10 )    # EXP
xleft = -8; xlabel = xleft-1; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, PVPC_Ex, False )
plt.text(xleft, -1, "PVPC", fontsize=10 )     # PVPC
xleft = -7; xlabel = xleft-1; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, PHF_Ex, False )
plt.text(xleft+0.5, -1, "PHF", fontsize=10 )     # PHF
plt.text(-8, -2, "$^{124}Xe$", fontsize = 15)

# Xe126 data
J =    [        0,        2,        4,        6,        8,       10,       12,       14, 16 ]
PVPC = [     -29.055,  -28.8698,  -28.5653,  -28.1574, -27.9447, -27.092, -26.339, -25.5057, -25.1536 ]
PVPC_Ex = np.array(PVPC) - PVPC[0]
PHF  = [     -28.706,  -28.544,  -28.266,   -27.882,   -27.393,  -26.802, -26.106, -25.306, -24.382 ]
PHF_Ex = np.array(PHF) - PHF[0]
EXP_Ex = [      0,    0.354,    0.879,    1.548,    2.331,    3.171,   3.883, 4.613,  5.466 ]
xleft = -3; xlabel = xleft-1; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, EXP_Ex, True )
plt.text(xleft-0.5, -1, "Expt.", fontsize=10 )    # EXP
xleft = -2; xlabel = xleft-1; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, PVPC_Ex, False )
plt.text(xleft, -1, "PVPC", fontsize=10 )     # PVPC
xleft = -1; xlabel = xleft-1; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, PHF_Ex, False )
plt.text(xleft+0.5, -1, "PHF", fontsize=10 )     # PHF
plt.text(-2, -2, "$^{126}Xe$", fontsize = 15)

# Ba126 data
J =    [        0,        2,        4,        6,        8,       10,       12,       14, 16 ]
PVPC_Ex = [     0,    0.175,    0.579,    1.208,     2.059,    3.118,    4.386,  5.574,   7.484 ]
# lineartol = 1E-4,  Egs = -39.4886
PHF_Ex = [      0,    0.173,    0.574,    1.200,    2.046,   3.105,    4.369,  5.828,   7.473 ]
# Egs = -39.41
EXP_Ex = [      0,    0.256,    0.711,    1.332,     2.090,    2.942,    3.747,  4.420,   5.245  ]
xleft = 3; xlabel = xleft-1; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, EXP_Ex, True )
plt.text(xleft-0.5, -1, "Expt.", fontsize=10 )    # EXP
xleft = 4; xlabel = 3.7; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, PVPC_Ex, False )
plt.text(xleft, -1, "PVPC", fontsize=10 )     # PVPC
xleft = 5; xlabel = 3.7; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, PHF_Ex, False )
plt.text(xleft+0.5, -1, "PHF", fontsize=10 )     # PHF
plt.text(4, -2, "$^{126}Ba$", fontsize = 15)

# Ba128 data
J =    [        0,        2,        4,        6,        8,       10,       12,       14, 16 ]
PVPC = [   -39.203,   -39.0268,  -38.6209, -37.99,  -37.1414, -36.0841, -34.8343, -30.5374,  -31.6854 ] # lineartol = 1E-4
PVPC_Ex = np.array(PVPC) - PVPC[0]
PHF = [   -39.119,   -38.946, -38.542, -37.915, -37.071, -36.020, -34.774, -33.343, -31.739]
PHF_Ex = np.array(PHF) - PHF[0]
EXP_Ex = [      0,     0.284,  0.763,  1.407,       2.189,   3.082,  3.988,  4.646, 5.496 ]
xleft = 9; xlabel = xleft-1; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, EXP_Ex, True )
plt.text(xleft-0.5, -1, "Expt.", fontsize=10 )    # EXP
xleft = 10; xlabel = 5.7; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, PVPC_Ex, False )
plt.text(xleft, -1, "PVPC", fontsize=10 )     # PVPC
xleft = 11; xlabel = 5.7; EnergyLevels(plt, xleft, xlabel, PVPC_Ex, False )
plt.text(xleft+0.5, -1, "PHF", fontsize=10 )     # PHF
plt.text(10, -2, "$^{128}Ba$", fontsize = 15)
plt.savefig("tex/XeBa.spectrum.eps")
plt.savefig("tex/XeBa.spectrum.png")
plt.show()