java 8 stream

1. 从员工集合中筛选出salary大于8000的员工，并放置到新的集合里。
2. 统计员工的最高薪资、平均薪资、薪资之和。
3. 将员工按薪资从高到低排序，同样薪资者年龄小者在前。
4. 将员工按性别分类，将员工按性别和地区分类，将员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分。

Stream的创建

• 1、通过 java.util.Collection.stream() 方法用集合创建流

List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
// 创建一个顺序流
Stream<String> stream = list.stream();
// 创建一个并行流
Stream<String> parallelStream = list.parallelStream();

• 使用java.util.Arrays.stream(T[] array)方法用数组创建流

int[] array={1,3,5,6,8};
IntStream stream = Arrays.stream(array);

• 使用Stream的静态方法：of()、iterate()、generate()

Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);

Stream<Integer> stream2 = Stream.iterate(0, (x) -> x + 3).limit(4);
stream2.forEach(System.out::println);

Stream<Double> stream3 = Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(3);
stream3.forEach(System.out::println);

Stream的使用

• 实体案例

List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, "female", "New York"));

class Person {
 private String name;  // 姓名
 private int salary; // 薪资
 private int age; // 年龄
 private String sex; //性别
 private String area;  // 地区

 // 构造方法
 public Person(String name, int salary, int age,String sex,String area) {
  this.name = name;
  this.salary = salary;
  this.age = age;
  this.sex = sex;
  this.area = area;
 }
 // 省略了get和set，请自行添加

}

• 遍历/匹配（foreach/find/match）

// import已省略，请自行添加，后面代码亦是

public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 3, 8, 2, 1);

        // 遍历输出符合条件的元素
        list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).forEach(System.out::println);
        // 匹配第一个
        Optional<Integer> findFirst = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).findFirst();
        // 匹配任意（适用于并行流）
        Optional<Integer> findAny = list.parallelStream().filter(x -> x > 6).findAny();
        // 是否包含符合特定条件的元素
        boolean anyMatch = list.stream().anyMatch(x -> x < 6);
        System.out.println("匹配第一个值：" + findFirst.get());
        System.out.println("匹配任意一个值：" + findAny.get());
        System.out.println("是否存在大于6的值：" + anyMatch);
    }
}

• 筛选（filter）

筛选出Integer集合中大于7的元素，并打印出来
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(6, 7, 3, 8, 1, 2, 9);
  Stream<Integer> stream = list.stream();
  stream.filter(x -> x > 7).forEach(System.out::println);
 }
}
筛选员工中工资高于8000的人，并形成新的集合
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));

  List<String> fiterList = personList.stream().filter(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000).map(Person::getName)
    .collect(Collectors.toList());
  System.out.print("高于8000的员工姓名：" + fiterList);
 }
}

• 聚合（max/min/count)

获取String集合中最长的元素
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<String> list = Arrays.asList("adnm", "admmt", "pot", "xbangd", "weoujgsd");

  Optional<String> max = list.stream().max(Comparator.comparing(String::length));
  System.out.println("最长的字符串：" + max.get());
 }
}

获取Integer集合中的最大值。
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 4, 11, 6);

  // 自然排序
  Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().max(Integer::compareTo);
  // 自定义排序
  Optional<Integer> max2 = list.stream().max(new Comparator<Integer>() {
   @Override
   public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
    return o1.compareTo(o2);
   }
  });
  System.out.println("自然排序的最大值：" + max.get());
  System.out.println("自定义排序的最大值：" + max2.get());
 }
}

获取员工工资最高的人
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));

  Optional<Person> max = personList.stream().max(Comparator.comparingInt(Person::getSalary));
  System.out.println("员工工资最大值：" + max.get().getSalary());
 }
}

计算Integer集合中大于6的元素的个数
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 4, 8, 2, 11, 9);

  long count = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).count();
  System.out.println("list中大于6的元素个数：" + count);
 }
}

• 映射(map/flatMap)

英文字符串数组的元素全部改为大写。整数数组每个元素+3
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  String[] strArr = { "abcd", "bcdd", "defde", "fTr" };
  List<String> strList = Arrays.stream(strArr).map(String::toUpperCase).collect(Collectors.toList());

  List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11);
  List<Integer> intListNew = intList.stream().map(x -> x + 3).collect(Collectors.toList());

  System.out.println("每个元素大写：" + strList);
  System.out.println("每个元素+3：" + intListNew);
 }
}

将员工的薪资全部增加1000
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));

  // 不改变原来员工集合的方式
  List<Person> personListNew = personList.stream().map(person -> {
   Person personNew = new Person(person.getName(), 0, 0, null, null);
   personNew.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000);
   return personNew;
  }).collect(Collectors.toList());
  System.out.println("一次改动前：" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personList.get(0).getSalary());
  System.out.println("一次改动后：" + personListNew.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());

  // 改变原来员工集合的方式
  List<Person> personListNew2 = personList.stream().map(person -> {
   person.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000);
   return person;
  }).collect(Collectors.toList());
  System.out.println("二次改动前：" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());
  System.out.println("二次改动后：" + personListNew2.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());
 }
}

将两个字符数组合并成一个新的字符数组
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<String> list = Arrays.asList("m,k,l,a", "1,3,5,7");
  List<String> listNew = list.stream().flatMap(s -> {
   // 将每个元素转换成一个stream
   String[] split = s.split(",");
   Stream<String> s2 = Arrays.stream(split);
   return s2;
  }).collect(Collectors.toList());

  System.out.println("处理前的集合：" + list);
  System.out.println("处理后的集合：" + listNew);
 }
}

 归约(reduce)
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 8, 11, 4);
  // 求和方式1
  Optional<Integer> sum = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x + y);
  // 求和方式2
  Optional<Integer> sum2 = list.stream().reduce(Integer::sum);
  // 求和方式3
  Integer sum3 = list.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);

  // 求乘积
  Optional<Integer> product = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x * y);

  // 求最大值方式1
  Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x > y ? x : y);
  // 求最大值写法2
  Integer max2 = list.stream().reduce(1, Integer::max);

  System.out.println("list求和：" + sum.get() + "," + sum2.get() + "," + sum3);
  System.out.println("list求积：" + product.get());
  System.out.println("list求和：" + max.get() + "," + max2);
 }
}
求所有员工的工资之和和最高工资
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));

  // 求工资之和方式1：
  Optional<Integer> sumSalary = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum);
  // 求工资之和方式2：
  Integer sumSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(),
    (sum1, sum2) -> sum1 + sum2);
  // 求工资之和方式3：
  Integer sumSalary3 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(), Integer::sum);

  // 求最高工资方式1：
  Integer maxSalary = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
    Integer::max);
  // 求最高工资方式2：
  Integer maxSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
    (max1, max2) -> max1 > max2 ? max1 : max2);

  System.out.println("工资之和：" + sumSalary.get() + "," + sumSalary2 + "," + sumSalary3);
  System.out.println("最高工资：" + maxSalary + "," + maxSalary2);
 }
}

• 归约(reduce)

归约，也称缩减，顾名思义，是把一个流缩减成一个值，能实现对集合求和、求乘积和求最值操作。

求Integer集合的元素之和、乘积和最大值。
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 8, 11, 4);
  // 求和方式1
  Optional<Integer> sum = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x + y);
  // 求和方式2
  Optional<Integer> sum2 = list.stream().reduce(Integer::sum);
  // 求和方式3
  Integer sum3 = list.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);

  // 求乘积
  Optional<Integer> product = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x * y);

  // 求最大值方式1
  Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x > y ? x : y);
  // 求最大值写法2
  Integer max2 = list.stream().reduce(1, Integer::max);

  System.out.println("list求和：" + sum.get() + "," + sum2.get() + "," + sum3);
  System.out.println("list求积：" + product.get());
  System.out.println("list求和：" + max.get() + "," + max2);
 }
}
求所有员工的工资之和和最高工资。
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));

  // 求工资之和方式1：
  Optional<Integer> sumSalary = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum);
  // 求工资之和方式2：
  Integer sumSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(),
    (sum1, sum2) -> sum1 + sum2);
  // 求工资之和方式3：
  Integer sumSalary3 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(), Integer::sum);

  // 求最高工资方式1：
  Integer maxSalary = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
    Integer::max);
  // 求最高工资方式2：
  Integer maxSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
    (max1, max2) -> max1 > max2 ? max1 : max2);

  System.out.println("工资之和：" + sumSalary.get() + "," + sumSalary2 + "," + sumSalary3);
  System.out.println("最高工资：" + maxSalary + "," + maxSalary2);
 }
}

• 归集(toList/toSet/toMap)

因为流不存储数据，那么在流中的数据完成处理后，需要将流中的数据重新归集到新的集合里。toList、toSet和toMap比较常用，另外还有toCollection、toConcurrentMap等复杂一些的用法
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 6, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 6, 20);
  List<Integer> listNew = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toList());
  Set<Integer> set = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toSet());

  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));

  Map<?, Person> map = personList.stream().filter(p -> p.getSalary() > 8000)
    .collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getName, p -> p));
  System.out.println("toList:" + listNew);
  System.out.println("toSet:" + set);
  System.out.println("toMap:" + map);
 }
}

• 统计(count/averaging)

Collectors提供了一系列用于数据统计的静态方法：

• 计数：count
• 平均值：averagingInt、averagingLong、averagingDouble
• 最值：maxBy、minBy
• 求和：summingInt、summingLong、summingDouble
• 统计以上所有：summarizingInt、summarizingLong、summarizingDouble

public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));

  // 求总数
  Long count = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.counting());
  // 求平均工资
  Double average = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Person::getSalary));
  // 求最高工资
  Optional<Integer> max = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).collect(Collectors.maxBy(Integer::compare));
  // 求工资之和
  Integer sum = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summingInt(Person::getSalary));
  // 一次性统计所有信息
  DoubleSummaryStatistics collect = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Person::getSalary));

  System.out.println("员工总数：" + count);
  System.out.println("员工平均工资：" + average);
  System.out.println("员工工资总和：" + sum);
  System.out.println("员工工资所有统计：" + collect);
 }
}

• 分组(partitioningBy/groupingBy)

• 分区：将stream按条件分为两个Map，比如员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分。
• 分组：将集合分为多个Map，比如员工按性别分组。有单级分组和多级分组。

将员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分；将员工按性别和地区分组
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, "female", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, "female", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, "female", "New York"));

  // 将员工按薪资是否高于8000分组
        Map<Boolean, List<Person>> part = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000));
        // 将员工按性别分组
        Map<String, List<Person>> group = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex));
        // 将员工先按性别分组，再按地区分组
        Map<String, Map<String, List<Person>>> group2 = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex, Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getArea)));
        System.out.println("员工按薪资是否大于8000分组情况：" + part);
        System.out.println("员工按性别分组情况：" + group);
        System.out.println("员工按性别、地区：" + group2);
 }
}

• 接合(joining) 

joining可以将stream中的元素用特定的连接符（没有的话，则直接连接）连接成一个字符串。

public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));

  String names = personList.stream().map(p -> p.getName()).collect(Collectors.joining(","));
  System.out.println("所有员工的姓名：" + names);
  List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C");
  String string = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-"));
  System.out.println("拼接后的字符串：" + string);
 }
}

• 归约(reducing)

Collectors类提供的reducing方法，相比于stream本身的reduce方法，增加了对自定义归约的支持。

public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));

  // 每个员工减去起征点后的薪资之和（这个例子并不严谨，但一时没想到好的例子）
  Integer sum = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(0, Person::getSalary, (i, j) -> (i + j - 5000)));
  System.out.println("员工扣税薪资总和：" + sum);

  // stream的reduce
  Optional<Integer> sum2 = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum);
  System.out.println("员工薪资总和：" + sum2.get());
 }
}

• 排序(sorted)

sorted，中间操作。有两种排序：

• sorted()：自然排序，流中元素需实现Comparable接口
• sorted(Comparator com)：Comparator排序器自定义排序

将员工按工资由高到低（工资一样则按年龄由大到小）排序
public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();

  personList.add(new Person("Sherry", 9000, 24, "female", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 22, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Jack", 9000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
  personList.add(new Person("Lily", 8800, 26, "male", "New York"));
  personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 9000, 26, "female", "New York"));

  // 按工资升序排序（自然排序）
  List<String> newList = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary)).map(Person::getName)
    .collect(Collectors.toList());
  // 按工资倒序排序
  List<String> newList2 = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary).reversed())
    .map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
  // 先按工资再按年龄升序排序
  List<String> newList3 = personList.stream()
    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary).thenComparing(Person::getAge)).map(Person::getName)
    .collect(Collectors.toList());
  // 先按工资再按年龄自定义排序（降序）
  List<String> newList4 = personList.stream().sorted((p1, p2) -> {
   if (p1.getSalary() == p2.getSalary()) {
    return p2.getAge() - p1.getAge();
   } else {
    return p2.getSalary() - p1.getSalary();
   }
  }).map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());

  System.out.println("按工资升序排序：" + newList);
  System.out.println("按工资降序排序：" + newList2);
  System.out.println("先按工资再按年龄升序排序：" + newList3);
  System.out.println("先按工资再按年龄自定义降序排序：" + newList4);
 }
}

• 提取/组合

public class StreamTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  String[] arr1 = { "a", "b", "c", "d" };
  String[] arr2 = { "d", "e", "f", "g" };

  Stream<String> stream1 = Stream.of(arr1);
  Stream<String> stream2 = Stream.of(arr2);
  // concat:合并两个流 distinct：去重
  List<String> newList = Stream.concat(stream1, stream2).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
  // limit：限制从流中获得前n个数据
  List<Integer> collect = Stream.iterate(1, x -> x + 2).limit(10).collect(Collectors.toList());
  // skip：跳过前n个数据
  List<Integer> collect2 = Stream.iterate(1, x -> x + 2).skip(1).limit(5).collect(Collectors.toList());

  System.out.println("流合并：" + newList);
  System.out.println("limit：" + collect);
  System.out.println("skip：" + collect2);
 }
}