章节十三、2-隐式等待、显式等待--实例演示

一、隐式等待

以https://www.yahoo.com/的登录为例，需要在用户名输入框中输入“test”

我们先用未设置隐式等待的代码看看执行效果：

package waittyps;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;

class ImplicitWaitDemo {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private String url;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() throws Exception {
        driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
        url = "https://www.yahoo.com/";
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
    }

    @Test
    void test() {
        driver.get(url);
        driver.findElement(By.id("uh-signin")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#login-username")).sendKeys("test");
    }
    
    @AfterEach
    void tearDown() throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        driver.quit();
    }
}

执行结果：执行失败，提示未定位到输入框元素（元素路径是没有问题的，因为未设置等待时间，所以没有找到“login-username”，导致控制台直接报错）

 现在我们设置隐式等待时间3秒，然后运行代码：

package waittyps;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;

class ImplicitWaitDemo {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private String url;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() throws Exception {
        driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
        url = "https://www.yahoo.com/";
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
//        隐式等待3秒
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @Test
    void test() {
        driver.get(url);
        driver.findElement(By.id("uh-signin")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#login-username")).sendKeys("test");
    }
    
    @AfterEach
    void tearDown() throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        driver.quit();
    }
}

运行结果：成功

二、显式等待

package waittyps;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

class ImplicitWaitDemo {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private String url;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() throws Exception {
        driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
        url = "https://www.yahoo.com/";
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
//        隐式等待3秒
//        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @Test
    void test() {
        driver.get(url);
        WebElement el = driver.findElement(By.id("uh-signin"));
        el.click();
//        实例化WebDriverWait对象，括号中内容表示（作用于谁，显式等待时长）
32         WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,2);
//        用emailField接受查找到的元素，visibilityOfElementLocated表示元素可见后再执行输入操作
//        使用显式等待3秒，直到#login-username元素可用，如果在3秒内该元素可用就执行后面的操作，否则超过3秒直接抛出异常
        WebElement emailField = wait.until(
36                 ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector("#login-username")));
37         emailField.sendKeys("test");
//        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#login-username")).sendKeys("test");
    }
    
    @AfterEach
    void tearDown() throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        driver.quit();
    }
}