• Python基础【day03】:集合入门(三)


    本节内容

    1、集合常用方法总结
    2、定义
    3、关系测试

     

    集合是无序的,天生不重复的数据组合,它的作用如下:

    • 去重,即:把一个列表变成集合,就去重了
    • 关系测试,即:测试两组集合的交集、并集和差集等

    一、集合常用方法总结

    二、定义

    1、语法

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    #把列表转换为集合
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    #转换后,去重
    >>> print(name_1,type(name_1))
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10} <class 'set'>
    

     三、关系测试

    1、交集(intersection())

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #输出结果
    >>> name_1.intersection(name_2)
    {8, 1, 10, 3}
    

    2、并集(union())

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #输出结果
    >>> name_1.union(name_2)
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10}
    

     3、差集(difference())

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #输出结果
    >>> name_1.difference(name_2)
    {2, 4, 7}
    

     特别提示:差集取的是数值在第一个集合中,但是不在第二个集合中(在我不在你)

    4、issubset()

    判断一个集合是否是另一个集合的子集

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_3 = [1,2,3,4]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_3 = set(name_3)
    #输出结果
    >>> name_3.issubset(name_1)
    True
    

     5、issuperset()

    判断一个集合是否是另一个集合的父集

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_3 = [1,2,3,4]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_3 = set(name_3)
    #输出结果
    >>> name_1.issuperset(name_3)
    True
    

     6、对称差集(symmetric_difference())

     把两个集合没有交集的数值取出来

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #输出结果
    >>> name_1.symmetric_difference(name_2)
    {2, 4, 5, 7}
    

     7、isdisjoint()

    判断两个集合是否有交集,没有交集,则返回True

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_3 = [11]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    >>> name_3 = set(name_3)
    #有交集
    >>> name_1.isdisjoint(name_2)
    False
    #无交集
    >>> name_1.isdisjoint(name_3)
    True
    

     四、关系测试(特殊符号)

    1、交集(&)

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #结果输出
    >>> name_1 & name_2
    {8, 1, 10, 3}
    

    2、并集(|)

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #结果输出
    >>> name_1 | name_2
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10}
    

     3、差集(-)

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #结果输出
    >>> name_1 - name_2
    {2, 4, 7}
    

    4、对称差集(^)

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #输出
    >>> name_1 ^ name_2
    {2, 4, 5, 7}
    

    5、是否是子集(<=)

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,10]
    >>> name_3 = [1,2,3,4]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_3 = set(name_3)
    #输出
    >>> name_3 <= name_1
    True
    

    6、是否是父集(>=)

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,10]
    >>> name_3 = [1,2,3,4]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    >>> name_3 = set(name_3)
    #输出
    >>> name_1 >= name_3
    True
    

     五、基本操作

    1、添加(add())

    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    #添加已存在,不报错
    >>> name_2.add(1)
    >>> name_2
    {8, 1, 10, 3, 5}
    #添加不存在,添加一个新的数值
    >>> name_2.add(11)
    >>> name_2
    {1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11}
    

     2、添加多项(update())

    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    >>> name_2.update([12,13,14])
    #输出结果
    >>> name_2
    {1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14}
    

     3、删除(remove(),pop(),discard())

    ①remove()

    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    >>> name_2
    {8, 1, 10, 3, 5}
    >>> name_2.remove(1)
    #输出
    >>> name_2
    {8, 10, 3, 5}
    #删除不存在的元素,会报错
    >>> name_2.remove(1)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
    KeyError: 1
    

     特别提示:用remove删除时,当元素不存在,会报错

    ②pop()

    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    >>> name_2
    {8, 1, 10, 3, 5}
    #输出
    >>> name_2.pop()
    8
    

     特别提示:pop是随机删除集合中的某个元素,并且打印

    ③discard()

    >>> name_2 = [1,3,5,8,10]
    >>> name_2 = set(name_2)
    >>> name_2.discard(10)
    #输出结果
    >>> name_2
    {8, 1, 3, 5}
    #删除不存在元素,不报错
    >>> name_2.discard(10)
    

    特别提示:用discard删除不存在的元素,不会出现报错

    4、长度(len())

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    #结果输出
    >>> len(name_1)
    7
    

     5、x in s

    测试 x 是否是 s 的成员

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    #结果输出
    >>> 1 in name_1
    True
    

     6、x not in s

    测试 x 是否不是 s 的成员

    >>> name_1 = [1,2,3,4,7,8,7,10]
    >>> name_1 = set(name_1)
    #输出
    >>> 12 not in name_1
    True
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/luoahong/p/7159831.html
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