数学--数论--随机算法--Pollard Rho 大数分解算法 （带输出版本）

RhoPollard Rho是一个著名的大数质因数分解算法，它的实现基于一个神奇的算法：MillerRabinMillerRabin素数测试。

操作流程
首先，我们先用MillerRabinMillerRabin判断当前数xx是否为质数，若是，则可直接统计信息并退出函数

然后是各种证明及优化，我觉得不大实用，这个板子是我改了很多遍了，也过了很多题的板子。用着很舒服，无论卡常，不卡常，速度相差不大，也可以加read.

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll pr;
ll pmod(ll a, ll b, ll p) { return (a * b - (ll)((long double)a / p * b) * p + p) % p; } //普通的快速乘会T
ll gmod(ll a, ll b, ll p)
{
    ll res = 1;
    while (b)
    {
        if (b & 1) res = pmod(res, a, p);
        a = pmod(a, a, p);
        b >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
inline ll gcd(ll a, ll b)
{ //听说二进制算法特快
    if (!a) return b;
    if (!b)return a;
    int t = __builtin_ctzll(a | b);
    a >>= __builtin_ctzll(a);
    do
    {
        b >>= __builtin_ctzll(b);
        if (a > b)
        {
            ll t = b;
            b = a, a = t;
        }
        b -= a;
    } while (b);
    return a << t;
}
bool Miller_Rabin(ll n)
{
    if (n == 46856248255981ll || n < 2)
        return false; //强伪素数
    if (n == 2 || n == 3 || n == 7 || n == 61 || n == 24251)
        return true;
    if (!(n & 1) || !(n % 3) || !(n % 61) || !(n % 24251))
        return false;
    ll m = n - 1, k = 0;
    while (!(m & 1))
        k++, m >>= 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= 20; ++i) // 20为Miller-Rabin测试的迭代次数
    {
        ll a = rand() % (n - 1) + 1, x = gmod(a, m, n), y;
        for (int j = 1; j <= k; ++j)
        {
            y = pmod(x, x, n);
            if (y == 1 && x != 1 && x != n - 1)
                return 0;
            x = y;
        }
        if (y != 1)
            return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}
ll Pollard_Rho(ll x)
{
    ll n = 0, m = 0, t = 1, q = 1, c = rand() % (x - 1) + 1;
    for (ll k = 2;; k <<= 1, m = n, q = 1)
    {
        for (ll i = 1; i <= k; ++i)
        {
            n = (pmod(n, n, x) + c) % x;
            q = pmod(q, abs(m - n), x);
        }
        t = gcd(x, q);
        if (t > 1)
            return t;
    }
}
void fid(ll n)
{
    if (n == 1)
        return;
    if (Miller_Rabin(n))
    {
        pr = max(pr, n);
        return;
    }
    ll p = n;
    while (p >= n)
        p = Pollard_Rho(p);
    fid(p);
    fid(n / p);
}
int main()
{
    int T;
    ll n;
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while (T--)
    {
        scanf("%lld", &n);
        pr = 0;
        fid(n);
        if (pr == n)
            puts("Prime");
        else
            printf("%lld
", pr);
    }
    return 0;
}

带输出的我也写了

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll pr;
ll pmod(ll a, ll b, ll p) { return (a * b - (ll)((long double)a / p * b) * p + p) % p; } //普通的快速乘会T
ll gmod(ll a, ll b, ll p)
{
    ll res = 1;
    while (b)
    {
        if (b & 1)
            res = pmod(res, a, p);
        a = pmod(a, a, p);
        b >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
inline ll gcd(ll a, ll b)
{ //听说二进制算法特快
    if (!a)
        return b;
    if (!b)
        return a;
    int t = __builtin_ctzll(a | b);
    a >>= __builtin_ctzll(a);
    do
    {
        b >>= __builtin_ctzll(b);
        if (a > b)
        {
            ll t = b;
            b = a, a = t;
        }
        b -= a;
    } while (b);
    return a << t;
}
bool Miller_Rabin(ll n)
{
    if (n == 46856248255981ll || n < 2)
        return false; //强伪素数
    if (n == 2 || n == 3 || n == 7 || n == 61 || n == 24251)
        return true;
    if (!(n & 1) || !(n % 3) || !(n % 61) || !(n % 24251))
        return false;
    ll m = n - 1, k = 0;
    while (!(m & 1))
        k++, m >>= 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= 20; ++i) // 20为Miller-Rabin测试的迭代次数
    {
        ll a = rand() % (n - 1) + 1, x = gmod(a, m, n), y;
        for (int j = 1; j <= k; ++j)
        {
            y = pmod(x, x, n);
            if (y == 1 && x != 1 && x != n - 1)
                return 0;
            x = y;
        }
        if (y != 1)
            return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}
ll Pollard_Rho(ll x)
{
    ll n = 0, m = 0, t = 1, q = 1, c = rand() % (x - 1) + 1;
    for (ll k = 2;; k <<= 1, m = n, q = 1)
    {
        for (ll i = 1; i <= k; ++i)
        {
            n = (pmod(n, n, x) + c) % x;
            q = pmod(q, abs(m - n), x);
        }
        t = gcd(x, q);
        if (t > 1)
            return t;
    }
}
map<long long, int> m;
void fid(ll n)
{
    if (n == 1)
        return;
    if (Miller_Rabin(n))
    {
        pr = max(pr, n);
        m[n]++;
        return;
    }
    ll p = n;
    while (p >= n)
        p = Pollard_Rho(p);
    fid(p);
    fid(n / p);
}
int main()
{
    int T;
    ll n;
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while (T--)
    {
        m.clear();
        scanf("%lld", &n);
        pr = 0;
        fid(n);
        if (pr == n)
            puts("Prime");
        else
        {
            printf("%lld
", pr);
            for (map<long long, int>::iterator c = m.begin(); c != m.end();)
            {
                printf("%lld^%d", c->first, c->second);
                if ((++c) != m.end())
                    printf(" * ");
            }
            printf("
");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}