XSL即可扩展的样式表文件。 可以格式化xml的显示,也可以将xml转换成需要的另一种格式。
学习XSL必须熟悉XPath。XSL和XPath一样简单强大,容易学习。
1. XSL既然可以格式化xml的显示样式,我们先来看如何在xml中引用xsl文件
如下代码示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="url.xsl"?>
只需在xml文件的文档声明后面添加<?xml-stylesheet type=”text/xsl” href=”url.xsl”?>即可
2. XSL的格式
XSL也是一个标准的xml文件,它以xml文档声明开始,根元素必须是xsl:styleshee,同时根元素必须有version属性指定xsl的版本,和xmlns:xsl=” http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”指定xsl命名空间,如下示例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="encoding”?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
3. Xsl要点 如下示例xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> |
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<? xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "pets-templates.xsl" ?> |
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< pets > |
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< pig color = "blue" weight = "100" > |
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< price >100</ price > |
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< desc >this is a blue pig</ desc > |
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</ pig > |
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< cat color = "red" weight = "9" > |
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< price >80</ price > |
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< desc >this is a red cat</ desc > |
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</ cat > |
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< dog color = "green" weight = "15" > |
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< price >80</ price > |
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< desc >this is a green dog</ desc > |
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</ dog > |
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< cat color = "green" weight = "15" > |
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< price >80</ price > |
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< desc >this is a green cat</ desc > |
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</ cat > |
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|
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|
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< dog color = "blue" weight = "10" > |
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< price >100</ price > |
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< desc >this is a blue dog</ desc > |
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</ dog > |
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< dog color = "red" weight = "9" > |
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< price >80</ price > |
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< desc >this is a red dog</ desc > |
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</ dog > |
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</ pets > |
上面的xml在通过xsl格式化之后的显示效果如下:
1) xsl:template定义匹配节点的转换模板,属性match=”xpath expression”用来定义模板匹配的元素
如下定义匹配根节点的模板
<xsl:template match=”/”>
</xsl:template>
2) xsl:for-each循环显示select=”xpath expression”选择节点的转换 (类似编程语言中的foreach语句),
如下示例,选择了pets下面的子元素,并循环显示子元素的几点名字:
<xsl:for-each select=”/pets/*”>
<xsl:value-of select=”name()”/>
</xsl:for-each>
3) xsl:if 元素条件显示节点(类似编程语言中的if语句)注意小于号大于号要分别用<和>替代
<xsl:if test=”@weight < 10”>
<i>its weight is less than 10 km</i>
</xsl:if>
4) xsl:choose 多分支条件显示 (类似编程语言中的switch语句)
<xsl:choose >
<xsl:when test=”name() = ‘pig’”>
<i>this is a pig</i>
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
<i>this is not a pig</i>
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
5) xsl:value-of 显示选择节点或者属性的值
选择子节点price
<xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/price”/>
选择属性weight
<xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/@weight”/>
6) xsl:attribute 构造xml节点的属性
用来向节点添加属性,例如:
<font>
<xsl:attribute name=”color”><xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/@color”/></xsl:attribute>
</font>
将输出<font color=”red”></font>
7) xsl:apply-templates 应用模板
如果xml文件结构比较复杂,可以定义多个template,然后使用<xsl:apply-templates>标签应用模板,xsl:apply-templates 可以指定属性select=”xpath”来选择应用的模板,或者不指定select表示选择当前节点的模板。
请看下面示例xslt文件pets-templates.xsl
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> |
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< xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" |
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xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > |
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< xsl:template match = "/" > |
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< html > |
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< head > |
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< META http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=utf-8" /> |
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< title >lovely pets</ title > |
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< style type = "text/css" > |
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ul{margin:10px 0 10px 0;padding:0;400px;text-align:left;} |
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li{height:60px;display:block;list-style:none;padding:4px;border:1px solid #f0f0f0;margin:5px;} |
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</ style > |
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</ head > |
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< body > |
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< center > |
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< h1 >lovely pets</ h1 > |
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< ul > |
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< xsl:for-each select = "pets/*" > |
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< li > |
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< img align = "right" > |
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< xsl:choose > |
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< xsl:when test = "name() = 'dog'" > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "src" >http://estar-tv.com/images/comprofiler/gallery/dog.gif</ xsl:attribute > |
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</ xsl:when > |
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< xsl:when test = "name() = 'pig'" > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "src" >http://www.icosky.com/icon/thumbnails/Animal/Farm/Pig%20Icon.jpg</ xsl:attribute > |
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</ xsl:when > |
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< xsl:otherwise > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "src" >http://farm1.static.flickr.com/14/buddyicons/22211409@N00.jpg?1143660418</ xsl:attribute > |
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</ xsl:otherwise > |
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</ xsl:choose > |
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</ img > |
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< font > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "face" >Courier</ xsl:attribute > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "color" > |
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< xsl:value-of select = "@color" /> |
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</ xsl:attribute > |
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< xsl:value-of select = "name()" /> |
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</ font > said: "< xsl:value-of select = "desc" />" |
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weight:< xsl:value-of select = "@weight" /> |
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|
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< xsl:if test = "@weight < 10" > |
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< p > |
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< i >its weight is less than 10 km</ i > |
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</ p > |
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</ xsl:if > |
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|
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|
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</ li > |
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</ xsl:for-each > |
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</ ul > |
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</ center > |
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</ body > |
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</ html > |
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</ xsl:template > |
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</ xsl:stylesheet > |
完整示例文件 pets-templates.xsl:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> |
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< xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" |
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xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > |
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< xsl:template match = "/" > |
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< html > |
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< head > |
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< META http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=utf-8" /> |
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< title >lovely pets</ title > |
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< style type = "text/css" > |
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ul{margin:10px 0 10px 0;padding:0;400px;text-align:left;} |
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li{height:60px;display:block;list-style:none;padding:4px;border:1px solid #f0f0f0;margin:5px;} |
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</ style > |
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</ head > |
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< body > |
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< center > |
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< h1 >lovely pets</ h1 > |
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< ul > |
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< xsl:apply-templates select = "pets" /> |
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</ ul > |
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</ center > |
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</ body > |
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</ html > |
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</ xsl:template > |
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|
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< xsl:template match = "pets" > |
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< xsl:apply-templates select = "dog" ></ xsl:apply-templates > |
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< xsl:apply-templates select = "pig" ></ xsl:apply-templates > |
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< xsl:apply-templates select = "cat" ></ xsl:apply-templates > |
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</ xsl:template > |
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|
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< xsl:template match = "dog" > |
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< xsl:for-each select = "." > |
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< li > |
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< img align = "right" > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "src" >http://estar-tv.com/images/comprofiler/gallery/dog.gif</ xsl:attribute > |
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</ img > |
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< font > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "face" >Courier</ xsl:attribute > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "color" > |
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< xsl:value-of select = "@color" /> |
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</ xsl:attribute > |
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dog |
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</ font > said: "< xsl:value-of select = "desc" />" |
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weight:< xsl:value-of select = "@weight" /> |
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|
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< xsl:if test = "@weight < 10" > |
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< p > |
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< i >its weight is less than 10 km</ i > |
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</ p > |
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</ xsl:if > |
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</ li > |
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</ xsl:for-each > |
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</ xsl:template > |
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|
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|
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|
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< xsl:template match = "pig" > |
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< xsl:for-each select = "." > |
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< li > |
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< img align = "right" > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "src" >http://www.icosky.com/icon/thumbnails/Animal/Farm/Pig%20Icon.jpg</ xsl:attribute > |
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</ img > |
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< font > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "face" >Courier</ xsl:attribute > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "color" > |
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< xsl:value-of select = "@color" /> |
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</ xsl:attribute > |
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pig |
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</ font > said: "< xsl:value-of select = "desc" />" |
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weight:< xsl:value-of select = "@weight" /> |
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|
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< xsl:if test = "@weight < 10" > |
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< p > |
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< i >its weight is less than 10 km</ i > |
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</ p > |
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</ xsl:if > |
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</ li > |
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</ xsl:for-each > |
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</ xsl:template > |
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|
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|
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< xsl:template match = "cat" > |
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< xsl:for-each select = "." > |
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< li > |
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< img align = "right" > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "src" >http://farm1.static.flickr.com/14/buddyicons/22211409@N00.jpg?1143660418</ xsl:attribute > |
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</ img > |
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< font > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "face" >Courier</ xsl:attribute > |
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< xsl:attribute name = "color" > |
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< xsl:value-of select = "@color" /> |
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</ xsl:attribute > |
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cat |
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</ font > said: "< xsl:value-of select = "desc" />" |
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weight:< xsl:value-of select = "@weight" /> |
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|
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< xsl:if test = "@weight < 10" > |
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< p > |
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< i >its weight is less than 10 km</ i > |
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</ p > |
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</ xsl:if > |
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</ li > |
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</ xsl:for-each > |
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</ xsl:template > |
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|
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</ xsl:stylesheet > |
在c#.net中使用XslCompiledTransform转换xml文档,XslTransform也可以使用,但是这个类已经被微软标记为过时,最好不要再用了,如下代码示例:
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using System; |
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using System.Collections.Generic; |
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using System.Linq; |
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using System.Text; |
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using System.IO; |
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using System.Xml; |
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|
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namespace UseXslt |
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{ |
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class Program |
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{ |
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static void Main( string [] args) |
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{ |
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//声明XslTransform类实例 |
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System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform trans = new System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform(); |
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|
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string xsltFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets.xsl" ; |
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using (StreamReader rdr = new StreamReader(xsltFile)) |
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{ |
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using (XmlReader xmlRdr = XmlReader.Create(rdr)) |
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{ |
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//载入xsl文件 |
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trans.Load(xmlRdr); |
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} |
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} |
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string inputFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets.xml" ; |
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string outputFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets-out.htm" ; |
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//转化源文件输出到输出文件outputFile |
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trans.Transform(inputFile, outputFile); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
有一点需要注意,使用XslCompiledTransform转换出来的文件,是一个html格式的,这个类会自动在html的head标签中添加一个未关闭的meta标签 <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">;微软帮我们想的太多了。
Xslt还可以指定参数,定义变量,有关这些方面请查看相关文档。
C#处理Xml的相关随笔: