ArrayList

声明：自己的理解，有错误的地方希望大家指出，共同进步，谢谢。

ArrayList（extends AbstractList，implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable）

•    基本属性：  底层是数组

 /**
     * Default initial capacity.
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
     
    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
     * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
     * first element is added.
     */
    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     */
    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    /**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;

• 构造方法：

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
     *         is negative
     */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     */
    public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
     * iterator.
     *
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        elementData = c.toArray();
        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
            // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
            if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
        } else {
            // replace with empty array.
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        }
    }

• 新增元素add():

1. 校验是否需要扩容
2. 如果需要扩容，新的大小为原来的1.5倍
3. 进行数组的copy，调用的system.arraycopy
4. 扩容完毕后，讲新增的元素赋值给数组的最后一位

public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!! 
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }

private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
    }

private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }
        return minCapacity;
    }

    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }

    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> T[] copyOf(T[] original, int newLength) {
        return (T[]) copyOf(original, newLength, original.getClass());
    }

 public static <T,U> T[] copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        T[] copy = ((Object)newType == (Object)Object[].class)
            ? (T[]) new Object[newLength]
            : (T[]) Array.newInstance(newType.getComponentType(), newLength);
        System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0,
                         Math.min(original.length, newLength));
        return copy;
    }

 public static native void arraycopy(Object src,  int  srcPos,
                                        Object dest, int destPos,
                                        int length);

• set(int index, E element)

1. 校验坐标是否越界
2. 讲新的值赋给对应的坐标
3. 返回该坐标原有的值

    public E set(int index, E element) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        E oldValue = elementData(index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        return oldValue;
    }

• get(int index)

public E get(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        return elementData(index);
    }

• remove(int index)

1. 坐标校验
2. 获取要前移数组的长度numMoved
3. system.arraycopy数组，使index后的数据前移
4. 将数组最后一位置为null
5. 返回被移除的数据

public E remove(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        modCount++;
        E oldValue = elementData(index);

        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

        return oldValue;
    }

• contains(Object o)

public boolean contains(Object o) {
        return indexOf(o) >= 0;
    }



public int indexOf(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                if (elementData[i]==null)
                    return i;
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
                    return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }

总结：

• ArrayList基于数组方式实现，无容量的限制（会扩容）
• 添加元素时可能要扩容（所以最好预判一下），删除元素时不会减少容量（若希望减少容量，trimToSize()），删除元素时，将删除掉的位置元素置为null，下次gc就会回收这些元素所占的内存空间。
• 线程不安全
• add(int index, E element)：添加元素到数组中指定位置的时候，需要将该位置及其后边所有的元素都整块向后复制一位
• get(int index)：获取指定位置上的元素时，可以通过索引直接获取（O(1)）
• remove(Object o)需要遍历数组
• remove(int index)不需要遍历数组，只需判断index是否符合条件即可，效率比remove(Object o)高
• contains(E)需要遍历数组

LinkedList：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_19431333/article/details/54572876（好文推荐）