• NFS服务基础


    NFS服务部署:

    (一)NFS环境准备:

    操作系统

    角色

    IP地址

    CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

    NFS服务端

    192.168.152.138

    CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

    NFS客户端

    192.168.152.139

    (二)架构图

    (三)NFS服务器操作系统及内核版本

    [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) 
    [root@localhost ~]# uname -r
    3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]# uname -m
    x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]# 

    (四)安装前准备

    查看nfs-utilsrpcbind包是否安装

    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind
    [root@localhost ~]#

    #补充NFS安装方式(3种):

    1)方法1yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind

    2)方法2rpm包安装:例如rpm -ivh nfs-utils*

    3)方法3LANG=EN

               yum grouplist|grep -i nfs

               yum groupinstall “NFS file server” -y

     

    (五)使用方法1安装所需软件包

    检查软件是否安装:

    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind
    rpcbind-0.2.0-38.el7.x86_64
    nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.33.el7.x86_64

    (六)启动NFS-server的服务

    # 先启动rpc服务,再启动nfs服务
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status rpcbind
      rpcbind.service - RPC bind service
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service; indirect; vendor preset: enabled)
       Active: active (running) since 日 2017-11-05 18:05:08 CST; 22min ago
     Main PID: 2361 (rpcbind)
       CGroup: /system.slice/rpcbind.service
               └─2361 /sbin/rpcbind -w
    
    11月 05 18:05:08 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting RPC bind service...
    11月 05 18:05:08 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started RPC bind service.
    [root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep rpcbind
    rpc        2361      1  0 18:05 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
    [root@localhost ~]# 

    (七)设置开机自启动

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nfs
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep nfs.service
    nfs.service                                 enabled 

    (八)配置NFS服务端

    配置文件路径:/etc/exports,默认为空

    [root@localhost ~]#  ll /etc/exports
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 12  2010 /etc/exports
    [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/exports
    [root@localhost ~]# 

    编辑配置文件

    # 添加如下内容
    [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/exports
    /data 192.168.152.138/24(rw,sync,all_squash)
    
    # 创建共享目录/data
    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data    
    [root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /data/      
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr  3 05:23 /data/
    # 更改属主属组为nfsnobody
    [root@localhost ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody /data/ 
    [root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /data/
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr  3 05:23 /data/

    (九)重新加载NFS服务(优雅重启)

    # systemctl reload nfs 等于 exportfs -r
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl reload nfs 
    [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab 
    /data   192.168.152.138/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,no_pnfs,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,all_squash)
    [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.152.138
    Export list for 192.168.152.138:
    /data 192.168.152.138/24
    # 看到共享目录
    [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e localhost
    Export list for localhost:
    /data 192.168.152.138/24
    [root@localhost ~]# 

    (十)客户端安装

    # 安装客户端
    [root@localhost ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y 
    
    # 挂载前检查是否有需要挂载的信息,是否能够挂载
    [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.152.138
    Export list for 192.168.152.138:
    /data 192.168.152.138/24
    
    # 挂载并查看挂载后的结果
    [root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.152.138:/data/ /mnt/
    [root@localhost ~]# df -h
    Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/cl-root     17G  1.4G   16G   9% /
    devtmpfs               478M     0  478M   0% /dev
    tmpfs                  489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                  489M   13M  476M   3% /run
    tmpfs                  489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/sda1             1014M  139M  876M  14% /boot
    tmpfs                   98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
    192.168.152.138:/data   17G  3.7G   14G  22% /mnt
    [root@localhost ~]# grep mnt /proc/mounts 
    192.168.152.138:/data /mnt nfs4 rw,relatime,vers=4.1,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=192.168.152.139,local_lock=none,addr=192.168.152.138 0 0
    # 截止到现在说明NFS客户端已经挂载成功。可以进入/mnt写入实验数据,然后去看看NFS Server端的/data/bbs里是否有从NFS客户端/mnt目录传过来的数据。
    # 测试读写数据
    # 可读
    [root@localhost mnt]# ls /mnt/
    dazhaxie.txt
    # 可写
    [root@localhost mnt]# mkdir /mnt/test
    # 用户和用户组都是nfsnobody。默认所有的客户端写入文件和目录都会被压缩成默认的uid为65534的nfsnobody用户。
    [root@localhost mnt]# ls -l /mnt/
    total 4
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root      root      4 Nov  5 18:44 dazhaxie.txt
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 6 Nov  5 18:44 test
    
    # 加入rc.local 实现开机自动挂载
    [root@localhost mnt]# echo "/bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.152.138:/data/ /mnt" >> /etc/rc.local 
    [root@localhost mnt]# echo "# mount by luchuangao" >> /etc/rc.local 
    [root@localhost mnt]# tail -2 /etc/rc.local 
    /bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.152.138:/data/ /mnt
    # mount by luchuangao

    关闭NFS

    systemctl stop nfs
    systemctl disable rpcbind.service
    systemctl stop rpcbind.service
    # Warning: Stopping rpcbind.service, but it can still be activated by: rpcbind.socket
    systemctl disable rpcbind.socket
    systemctl stop rpcbind.socket

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/luchuangao/p/7788197.html
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