NFS服务部署：
（一）NFS环境准备：
|
操作系统 |
角色 |
IP地址 |
|
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) |
NFS服务端 |
192.168.152.138 |
|
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) |
NFS客户端 |
192.168.152.139 |
（二）架构图
（三）NFS服务器操作系统及内核版本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) [root@localhost ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# uname -m x86_64 [root@localhost ~]#
（四）安装前准备
查看nfs-utils和rpcbind包是否安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind [root@localhost ~]#
#补充NFS安装方式（3种）：
1）方法1：yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
2）方法2：rpm包安装：例如rpm -ivh nfs-utils*
3）方法3：LANG=EN
yum grouplist|grep -i nfs
yum groupinstall “NFS file server” -y
（五）使用方法1安装所需软件包
检查软件是否安装：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind rpcbind-0.2.0-38.el7.x86_64 nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.33.el7.x86_64
（六）启动NFS-server的服务
# 先启动rpc服务，再启动nfs服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status rpcbind
rpcbind.service - RPC bind service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service; indirect; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 日 2017-11-05 18:05:08 CST; 22min ago
Main PID: 2361 (rpcbind)
CGroup: /system.slice/rpcbind.service
└─2361 /sbin/rpcbind -w
11月 05 18:05:08 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting RPC bind service...
11月 05 18:05:08 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started RPC bind service.
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep rpcbind
rpc 2361 1 0 18:05 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
[root@localhost ~]#
（七）设置开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nfs [root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep nfs.service nfs.service enabled
（八）配置NFS服务端
配置文件路径：/etc/exports，默认为空
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/exports -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 12 2010 /etc/exports [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/exports [root@localhost ~]#
编辑配置文件
# 添加如下内容 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/exports /data 192.168.152.138/24(rw,sync,all_squash) # 创建共享目录/data [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data [root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /data/ drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 3 05:23 /data/ # 更改属主属组为nfsnobody [root@localhost ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody /data/ [root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /data/ drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 3 05:23 /data/
（九）重新加载NFS服务（优雅重启）
# systemctl reload nfs 等于 exportfs -r [root@localhost ~]# systemctl reload nfs [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab /data 192.168.152.138/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,no_pnfs,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,all_squash) [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.152.138 Export list for 192.168.152.138: /data 192.168.152.138/24 # 看到共享目录 [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e localhost Export list for localhost: /data 192.168.152.138/24 [root@localhost ~]#
（十）客户端安装
# 安装客户端 [root@localhost ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y # 挂载前检查是否有需要挂载的信息，是否能够挂载 [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.152.138 Export list for 192.168.152.138: /data 192.168.152.138/24 # 挂载并查看挂载后的结果 [root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.152.138:/data/ /mnt/ [root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/cl-root 17G 1.4G 16G 9% / devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 489M 13M 476M 3% /run tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 139M 876M 14% /boot tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 192.168.152.138:/data 17G 3.7G 14G 22% /mnt [root@localhost ~]# grep mnt /proc/mounts 192.168.152.138:/data /mnt nfs4 rw,relatime,vers=4.1,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=192.168.152.139,local_lock=none,addr=192.168.152.138 0 0 # 截止到现在说明NFS客户端已经挂载成功。可以进入/mnt写入实验数据，然后去看看NFS Server端的/data/bbs里是否有从NFS客户端/mnt目录传过来的数据。 # 测试读写数据 # 可读 [root@localhost mnt]# ls /mnt/ dazhaxie.txt # 可写 [root@localhost mnt]# mkdir /mnt/test # 用户和用户组都是nfsnobody。默认所有的客户端写入文件和目录都会被压缩成默认的uid为65534的nfsnobody用户。 [root@localhost mnt]# ls -l /mnt/ total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4 Nov 5 18:44 dazhaxie.txt drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 6 Nov 5 18:44 test # 加入rc.local 实现开机自动挂载 [root@localhost mnt]# echo "/bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.152.138:/data/ /mnt" >> /etc/rc.local [root@localhost mnt]# echo "# mount by luchuangao" >> /etc/rc.local [root@localhost mnt]# tail -2 /etc/rc.local /bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.152.138:/data/ /mnt # mount by luchuangao
关闭NFS
systemctl stop nfs
systemctl disable rpcbind.service
systemctl stop rpcbind.service
# Warning: Stopping rpcbind.service, but it can still be activated by: rpcbind.socket
systemctl disable rpcbind.socket
systemctl stop rpcbind.socket