• C#中的where泛型约束


    这个关于泛型约束的东西我看了几天了。一直没打看懂,我的领悟能力有点差,刚才突然明白了一点,泛型约束的意思就是说:

    类的泛型,只能是where字句后面所写的接口或类。

    这么说好像也有点不大明白,举个例子。

    我有一个接口,如下:

     1 ///<summary>
    2 /// 国籍的接口
    3 ///</summary>
    4 public interface INationality
    5 {
    6 string Nationality
    7 {
    8 set;
    9 get;
    10 }
    11 string GetNationality();
    12 }

    然后该接口有两个实现,如下:

     1 ///<summary>
    2 /// 中国人
    3 ///</summary>
    4 public class Chinese : INationality
    5 {
    6 private string _Nationality;
    7 public string Nationality
    8 {
    9 set
    10 {
    11 _Nationality = value;
    12 }
    13 }
    14
    15 public string GetNationality()
    16 {
    17 return string.IsNullOrEmpty(_Nationality) ? "Default." : _Nationality;
    18 }
    19 }
    20
    21 ///<summary>
    22 /// 美国人
    23 ///</summary>
    24 public class American : INationality
    25 {
    26 private string _Nationality;
    27 public string Nationality
    28 {
    29 set { _Nationality = value; }
    30 }
    31
    32 public string GetNationality()
    33 {
    34 return string.IsNullOrEmpty(_Nationality) ? "Default." : _Nationality;
    35 }
    36 }

    然后创建一个泛型类,带有泛型约束的类,如下:

     1 ///<summary>
    2 ///
    3 ///</summary>
    4 ///<typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    5 public class PrintNationality<T> where T : INationality, new()
    6 {
    7 T item = new T();
    8 public void Print()
    9 {
    10 Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Nationality:{0}", item.GetNationality()));
    11 }
    12 }

    由于有where字句的泛型约束,所以,创建PrintNationality<T>的对象时,T的类型只能是继承子INationality接口的类。

     1 public class Program
    2 {
    3 static void Main(string[] args)
    4 {
    5 PrintNationality<Chinese> _c = new PrintNationality<Chinese>();
    6 PrintNationality<American> _a = new PrintNationality<American>();
    7 //PrintNationality<Object> _o = new PrintNationality<Object>(); 此句是错误的,因为泛型类型必须是继承自INationality接口的类
    8 _c.Print();
    9 _a.Print();
    10 Console.ReadKey();
    11 }
    12 }

    以上的代码运行结果:

    Nationality:Chinese.
    Nationality:American.

    http://luacloud.com/2011/where-generic-constraint.html




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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/luacloud/p/2266098.html
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