gpart 分区工具
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disk-organization.html
| Drive Type | Drive Device Name |
|---|---|
| SATA and IDE hard drives | ada or ad |
| SCSI hard drives and USB storage devices | da |
| SATA and IDE CD-ROM drives | cd or acd |
| SCSI CD-ROM drives | cd |
| Floppy drives | fd |
| Assorted non-standard CD-ROM drives | mcd for Mitsumi CD-ROM and scd for Sony CD-ROM devices |
| SCSI tape drives | sa |
| IDE tape drives | ast |
| RAID drives | Examples include aacd for Adaptec® AdvancedRAID, mlxd and mlyd for Mylex®, amrd for AMI MegaRAID®, idad for Compaq Smart RAID, twed for 3ware® RAID. |
FreeBSD interface naming
The name of a FreeBSD interface starts with the name of its network driver. It is then followed by a number starting at 0 that increases incrementally by one for each additional interface sharing that driver. For example, a common driver used by Intel gigabit network interface cards is igb. The first such card in a system will be igb0, the second is igb1, and so on. Other common driver names include cxl (Chelsio 10G), em (Also Intel 1G), ix (Intel 10G), bge (various Broadcom chipsets), amongst numerous others. If a system mixes an Intel card and a Chelsio card, the interfaces will be igb0 and cxl0 respectively.
动态调整分区大小的命令：
tunefs - 调整现有的UFS文件系统
growfs - 扩展现有的UFS文件系统
查看已经连接的设备
root@lsgxbsd:~ # camcontrol devlist
1. 删除ad0上所有分区
# gpart destroy -F /dev/da1
注: 没有数据情况才可以这样
2. 创建gpt分区信息表
# gpart create -s GPT /dev/da1 创建新的GPT分区表
# gpart create -s MBR /dev/da1 创建新的MBR分区表
# gpart create -s BSD /dev/da1 创建新的BSD分区表
3. 创建分区
# gpart add -b 34 -s 512k -t freebsd-boot /dev/da1
# gpart add -s 10g -t freebsd-ufs -l sys /dev/da1
# gpart add -s 4g -t freebsd-swap -l swap /dev/da1
# gpart add -s 20g -t freebsd /dev/da1
# gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 /dev/da1 （建议所有盘有freebsd-boot分区的盘都做）
# newfs -i 4096 /dev/da1p2 (启动分区和swa分区无需格式化)
# mount /dev/da1p2 /mnt/image/
# df -th
# umount /mnt/image/
-b 开始扇区,可省略
-s 分区大小,单位可用扇区,K,M等
-t 分区类型, 还有freebsd-ufs
-l 给分区打标签
4. 显示信息
# gpart show -l /dev/da1
# gpart show -r /dev/da1
# gpart show -p /dev/da1
5. 删除分区
# gpart delete -i 2 /dev/da1
# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16
# camcontrol devlist
# dd if=FreeBSD-10.1-RELEASE-i386-memstick.img of=/dev/da0 bs=64k
# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /tmp/bootable.iso -u 3
# gnop create /dev/md3
# gnop list
# gpart show -p /dev/md3
# mount /dev/md3p3 /mnt/image
# mdconfig -d -u 3
查看磁盘信息
fdisk /dev/ad0
fdisk -s /dev/ad0
修改磁盘信息(问答式的交互)
fdisk -u /dev/ad0
# fsck -y /
# mount -u /
# mount -a
# mount -o remount, rw /
设置临时IP地址和默认路由
ifconfig em0 inet 192.168.195.99 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig em0 inet6 accept_rtadv
route delete default
route add default 192.168.195.2
route add 192.168.195.0/24 192.168.195.2
route add 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1
route add 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.2.1
route add 192.168.185.0/24 192.168.185.201
route flush
netstat -nr
netstat -nat
重启sshd服务
FreeBSD默认是不让root通过ssh登陆，遂修改相关的配置文件：
FreeBSD#vi /etc/sshd/sshd_config
#PermitRootLogin no
将这句修改成：
PermitRootLogin yes
保存退出，重启sshd服务却报错了：sshd re-exec requires execution with an absolute path
直接进入/etc/rc.d目录，输入sshd start，一样错误提示，
FreeBSD的命令执行方法或许变了，必须这样来：
FreeBSD#cd /etc/rc.d
FreeBSD#./sshd start|stop|restart
或直接输入完整的路径并带上命令操作：
FreeBSD#/etc/rc.d/sshd start|stop|restart
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