openwrt中br-lan,eth0,eth0.1,eth0.2
来源 https://blog.phpgao.com/openwrt-interface.html
openwrt的接口真是多，老高一下子都看晕了，不过仔细理一理，还是能够分辨的。
首先盗openwrt-wiki中的一张图，这张图对理解这些接口很重要！
网络配置
有线网配置
openwrt的有线网络配置文件位于/etc/config/network，老高的配置如下：
config interface 'loopback'
option ifname 'lo'
option proto 'static'
option ipaddr '127.0.0.1'
option netmask '255.0.0.0'
config globals 'globals'
option ula_prefix 'auto'
config interface 'lan'
option ifname 'eth0.1'
option force_link '1'
option type 'bridge'
option proto 'static'
option ipaddr '192.168.1.1'
option netmask '255.255.255.0'
option ip6assign '60'
option macaddr '64:09:80:05:e1:bb'
config interface 'wan'
option ifname 'eth0.2'
option _orig_ifname 'eth0.2'
option _orig_bridge 'false'
option proto 'pppoe'
option macaddr '64:09:80:05:e1:bc'
option username '11100026295'
option password '380926'
config interface 'wan6'
option _orig_ifname '@wan'
option _orig_bridge 'false'
option proto '6to4'
config switch
option name 'mt762x'
option reset '1'
option enable_vlan '1'
config switch_vlan
option device 'mt762x'
option vlan '1'
option ports '0 1 2 3 5 6t'
config switch_vlan
option device 'mt762x'
option vlan '2'
option ports '4 6t'无线网络配置
openwrt的无线网络配置文件位于/etc/config/wireless，老高的配置如下：
config wifi-device 'rai0'
option type 'mt7612'
option mode '14'
option channel 'auto'
option txpower '100'
option ht '20+40+80'
option country 'US'
option disabled '0'
config wifi-iface
option device 'rai0'
option network 'lan'
option mode 'ap'
option ssid 'BYBY_WORLD'
option encryption 'psk2'
option key 'xxx'
config wifi-device 'ra0'
option type 'rt2860v2'
option mode '9'
option channel 'auto'
option txpower '100'
option ht '40'
option country 'US'
option disabled '0'
config wifi-iface
option device 'ra0'
option network 'lan'
option mode 'ap'
option wps 'pbc'
option ssid 'HELLO_WORLD'
option encryption 'psk2'
option key 'xxx'整理和搜索
乍一看老高都晕了，真么多啊！赶紧Google之，看有没有什么发现！
Linux 网络接口(Network Interfaces)
读完这两篇文章后貌似有所觉悟，先记下来理一理！
pppoe-wan
虚拟设备，他就是常见的拨号宽带上网，需要有ISP提供的用户名密码，连接后方可激此接口！
lo
虚拟设备，自身的回环网设备。
ra0 rai0
这两个是成对出现，一看就知道是无线设备，它们各自对应一个SSID，分别是2.4G和5G。
虚拟局域网
开启虚拟局域网
对应 config switch
划分子网
你可以在网络->交换机中找到！
对照着图下面的配置应该很容易就懂了。
config switch_vlan
option device 'mt762x'
option vlan '1'
option ports '0 1 2 3 5 6t'
config switch_vlan
option device 'mt762x'
option vlan '2'
option ports '4 6t'eth0
eth0是一块物理网卡。eth0.1 eth0.2都是从此设备上虚拟出来的。
eth0.1 是vlan 1分出的lan口。
eth0.2 是vlan 2分出的wan口。
br-lan
虚拟设备，用于LAN口设备桥接，可以用brctl show查看使用情况。
~ brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br-lan 7fff.64098005e1bb no eth0.1 rai0 ra0br-lan = eth0.1 + rai0 + ra0，即将有线LAN口和无线网统一划分为 LAN，便于管理！
更多资料
- [How can I tell whether a network interface is physical (device) or
virtual (alias)?][5] - PandoraBox的配置网络文件...基础内容，高手忽略
=====================
root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/os-release NAME="OpenWrt" VERSION="18.06.1" ID="openwrt" ID_LIKE="lede openwrt" PRETTY_NAME="OpenWrt 18.06.1" VERSION_ID="18.06.1" HOME_URL="http://openwrt.org/" BUG_URL="http://bugs.openwrt.org/" SUPPORT_URL="http://forum.lede-project.org/" BUILD_ID="r1026-811894e1" LEDE_BOARD="ar71xx/nand" LEDE_ARCH="mips_24kc" LEDE_TAINTS="no-all" LEDE_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER="OpenWrt" LEDE_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER_URL="http://openwrt.org/" LEDE_DEVICE_PRODUCT="Generic" LEDE_DEVICE_REVISION="v0" LEDE_RELEASE="OpenWrt 18.06.1 r1026-811894e1" root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# uname -a Linux OpenWrt 4.9.138 #0 Fri Nov 30 14:52:43 2018 mips GNU/Linux root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo system type : Qualcomm Atheros QCA9558 ver 1 rev 0 machine : DomyWifi DW33D processor : 0 cpu model : MIPS 74Kc V5.0 BogoMIPS : 358.80 wait instruction : yes microsecond timers : yes tlb_entries : 32 extra interrupt vector : yes hardware watchpoint : yes, count: 4, address/irw mask: [0x0ffc, 0x0ffc, 0x0ffb, 0x0ffb] isa : mips1 mips2 mips32r1 mips32r2 ASEs implemented : mips16 dsp dsp2 shadow register sets : 1 kscratch registers : 0 package : 0 core : 0 VCED exceptions : not available VCEI exceptions : not available root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 254944 kB MemFree: 199480 kB MemAvailable: 190436 kB Buffers: 9688 kB Cached: 18344 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 19992 kB Inactive: 10012 kB Active(anon): 2752 kB Inactive(anon): 256 kB Active(file): 17240 kB Inactive(file): 9756 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 1980 kB Mapped: 3272 kB Shmem: 1036 kB Slab: 10564 kB SReclaimable: 4060 kB SUnreclaim: 6504 kB KernelStack: 480 kB PageTables: 336 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 127472 kB Committed_AS: 6960 kB VmallocTotal: 1048372 kB VmallocUsed: 0 kB VmallocChunk: 0 kB root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 31 0 256 mtdblock0 31 1 64 mtdblock1 31 2 14528 mtdblock2 31 3 5312 mtdblock3 31 4 1472 mtdblock4 31 5 64 mtdblock5 31 6 16000 mtdblock6 31 7 98304 mtdblock7 31 8 32768 mtdblock8 8 0 15558144 sda 8 1 15554048 sda1 root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/root 9.0M 9.0M 0 100% /rom tmpfs 124.5M 1.0M 123.5M 1% /tmp /dev/mtdblock3 5.2M 432.0K 4.8M 8% /overlay overlayfs:/overlay 5.2M 432.0K 4.8M 8% / tmpfs 512.0K 0 512.0K 0% /dev /dev/sda1 14.8G 64.0K 14.8G 0% /mnt/sda1 /dev/mtdblock6 9.0M 9.0M 0 100% /mnt/mtdblock6 root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# cat /proc/mtd dev: size erasesize name mtd0: 00040000 00010000 "u-boot" mtd1: 00010000 00010000 "u-boot-env" mtd2: 00e30000 00010000 "rootfs" mtd3: 00530000 00010000 "rootfs_data" mtd4: 00170000 00010000 "kernel" mtd5: 00010000 00010000 "art" mtd6: 00fa0000 00010000 "firmware" mtd7: 06000000 00020000 "rootfs_data" mtd8: 02000000 00020000 "backup" root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~#
root@OpenWrt:~# dmesg | grep spi [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: board=DW33D mtdparts=spi0.0:256k(u-boot)ro,64k(u-boot-env)ro,14528k(rootfs),1472k(kernel),64k(art)ro,16000k@0x50000(firmware);ar934x-nfc:96m(rootfs_data),32m(backup)ro console=ttyS0,115200 rootfstype=squashfs noinitrd [ 0.893783] m25p80 spi0.0: found mx25l12805d, expected m25p80 [ 0.900057] m25p80 spi0.0: mx25l12805d (16384 Kbytes) [ 0.905208] 6 cmdlinepart partitions found on MTD device spi0.0 [ 0.911238] Creating 6 MTD partitions on "spi0.0": root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# dmesg | grep Clocks [ 0.000000] Clocks: CPU:720.000MHz, DDR:600.000MHz, AHB:200.000MHz, Ref:40.000MHz root@OpenWrt:~#
root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/network config interface 'loopback' option ifname 'lo' option proto 'static' option ipaddr '127.0.0.1' option netmask '255.0.0.0' config globals 'globals' option ula_prefix 'fdfd:dcb6:dfdc::/48' config interface 'lan' option type 'bridge' option ifname 'eth1.1' option proto 'static' option netmask '255.255.255.0' option ip6assign '60' option ipaddr '192.168.11.1' config interface 'wan' option ifname 'eth0.2' option proto 'dhcp' config interface 'wan6' option ifname 'eth0.2' option proto 'dhcpv6' config switch option name 'switch0' option reset '1' option enable_vlan '1' config switch_vlan option device 'switch0' option vlan '1' option ports '2 3 4 5 6t' config switch_vlan option device 'switch0' option vlan '2' option ports '1 0t' root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/wireless config wifi-device 'radio0' option type 'mac80211' option channel '36' option hwmode '11a' option path 'pci0000:00/0000:00:00.0' option htmode 'VHT80' option country 'US' option legacy_rates '1' config wifi-iface 'default_radio0' option device 'radio0' option network 'lan' option mode 'ap' option ssid 'DW33D-5G' option encryption 'psk2' option key 'lsgxwifilink' config wifi-device 'radio1' option type 'mac80211' option channel '11' option hwmode '11g' option path 'platform/qca955x_wmac' option htmode 'HT20' option country 'US' option legacy_rates '1' config wifi-iface 'default_radio1' option device 'radio1' option network 'lan' option mode 'ap' option ssid 'DW33D-24G' option encryption 'psk2' option key 'lsgxwifilink' root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/firewall config defaults option syn_flood '1' option input 'ACCEPT' option output 'ACCEPT' option forward 'REJECT' config zone option name 'lan' list network 'lan' option input 'ACCEPT' option output 'ACCEPT' option forward 'ACCEPT' config zone option name 'wan' list network 'wan' list network 'wan6' option input 'REJECT' option output 'ACCEPT' option forward 'REJECT' option masq '1' option mtu_fix '1' config forwarding option src 'lan' option dest 'wan' config rule option name 'Allow-DHCP-Renew' option src 'wan' option proto 'udp' option dest_port '68' option target 'ACCEPT' option family 'ipv4' config rule option name 'Allow-Ping' option src 'wan' option proto 'icmp' option icmp_type 'echo-request' option family 'ipv4' option target 'ACCEPT' config rule option name 'Allow-IGMP' option src 'wan' option proto 'igmp' option family 'ipv4' option target 'ACCEPT' config rule option name 'Allow-DHCPv6' option src 'wan' option proto 'udp' option src_ip 'fc00::/6' option dest_ip 'fc00::/6' option dest_port '546' option family 'ipv6' option target 'ACCEPT' config rule option name 'Allow-MLD' option src 'wan' option proto 'icmp' option src_ip 'fe80::/10' list icmp_type '130/0' list icmp_type '131/0' list icmp_type '132/0' list icmp_type '143/0' option family 'ipv6' option target 'ACCEPT' config rule option name 'Allow-ICMPv6-Input' option src 'wan' option proto 'icmp' list icmp_type 'echo-request' list icmp_type 'echo-reply' list icmp_type 'destination-unreachable' list icmp_type 'packet-too-big' list icmp_type 'time-exceeded' list icmp_type 'bad-header' list icmp_type 'unknown-header-type' list icmp_type 'router-solicitation' list icmp_type 'neighbour-solicitation' list icmp_type 'router-advertisement' list icmp_type 'neighbour-advertisement' option limit '1000/sec' option family 'ipv6' option target 'ACCEPT' config rule option name 'Allow-ICMPv6-Forward' option src 'wan' option dest '*' option proto 'icmp' list icmp_type 'echo-request' list icmp_type 'echo-reply' list icmp_type 'destination-unreachable' list icmp_type 'packet-too-big' list icmp_type 'time-exceeded' list icmp_type 'bad-header' list icmp_type 'unknown-header-type' option limit '1000/sec' option family 'ipv6' option target 'ACCEPT' config rule option name 'Allow-IPSec-ESP' option src 'wan' option dest 'lan' option proto 'esp' option target 'ACCEPT' config rule option name 'Allow-ISAKMP' option src 'wan' option dest 'lan' option dest_port '500' option proto 'udp' option target 'ACCEPT' config include option path '/etc/firewall.user' config include 'miniupnpd' option type 'script' option path '/usr/share/miniupnpd/firewall.include' option family 'any' option reload '1' config include 'adbyby' option type 'script' option path '/usr/share/adbyby/firewall.include' option reload '1' config rule 'kms' option name 'kms' option target 'ACCEPT' option src 'wan' option proto 'tcp' option dest_port '1688' config include 'shadowsocksr' option type 'script' option path '/var/etc/shadowsocksr.include' option reload '1' config include 'wrtbwmon' option type 'script' option path '/etc/wrtbwmon.include' option reload '1' config include 'pptpd' option type 'script' option path '/etc/pptpd.include' option reload '1' config rule 'pptp' option name 'pptp' option target 'ACCEPT' option src 'wan' option proto 'tcp' option dest_port '1723' config rule 'gre' option name 'gre' option target 'ACCEPT' option src 'wan' option proto '47' root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/dhcp config dnsmasq option domainneeded '1' option boguspriv '1' option filterwin2k '0' option localise_queries '1' option rebind_protection '1' option rebind_localhost '1' option local '/lan/' option domain 'lan' option expandhosts '1' option nonegcache '0' option authoritative '1' option readethers '1' option leasefile '/tmp/dhcp.leases' option resolvfile '/tmp/resolv.conf.auto' option nonwildcard '1' option localservice '1' config dhcp 'lan' option interface 'lan' option start '100' option limit '150' option leasetime '24h' option force '1' option ra 'server' option dhcpv6 'server' option ra_management '1' option ra_default '1' config dhcp 'wan' option interface 'wan' option ignore '1' root@OpenWrt:~#
root@OpenWrt:~# ifconfig
br-lan Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 14:3D:F2:CB:9A:DD
inet addr:192.168.11.1 Bcast:192.168.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::163d:f2ff:fecb:9add/64 Scope:Link
inet6 addr: fdfd:dcb6:dfdc::1/60 Scope:Global
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:3790087 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6492932 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1301078776 (1.2 GiB) TX bytes:6703438607 (6.2 GiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 14:3D:F2:CB:9A:DE
inet6 addr: fe80::163d:f2ff:fecb:9ade/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:7156095 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:75 frame:0
TX packets:4787213 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2503390857 (2.3 GiB) TX bytes:1442610380 (1.3 GiB)
Interrupt:4
eth0.2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 14:3D:F2:CB:9A:DE
inet addr:192.168.1.7 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::163d:f2ff:fecb:9ade/64 Scope:Link
inet6 addr: fe80::163d:f2ff:fecb:9ade/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:7156071 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4787198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:6669546570 (6.2 GiB) TX bytes:1423460094 (1.3 GiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 14:3D:F2:CB:9A:DD
inet6 addr: fe80::163d:f2ff:fecb:9add/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:34693 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:3854512 (3.6 MiB)
Interrupt:5
eth1.1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 14:3D:F2:CB:9A:DD
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:34685 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:3714764 (3.5 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:2466 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2466 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:196065 (191.4 KiB) TX bytes:196065 (191.4 KiB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 14:3D:F2:CB:9A:DF
inet6 addr: fe80::163d:f2ff:fecb:9adf/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4411547 errors:0 dropped:33393 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6527097 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1391076302 (1.2 GiB) TX bytes:6837481031 (6.3 GiB)
wlan1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 14:3D:F2:CB:9A:DC
inet6 addr: fe80::163d:f2ff:fecb:9adc/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:34682 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:4338526 (4.1 MiB)
root@OpenWrt:~#
root@OpenWrt:~#
root@OpenWrt:~# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br-lan 7fff.143df2cb9add no eth1.1
wlan0
wlan1
root@OpenWrt:~#
root@OpenWrt:~# arp -a IP address HW type Flags HW address Mask Device 192.168.1.79 0x1 0x2 a4:4e:31:97:aa:b4 * br-lan 10.0.100.79 0x1 0x2 a4:4e:31:97:aa:b4 * br-lan 192.168.11.168 0x1 0x2 a4:4e:31:97:aa:b4 * br-lan 192.168.1.1 0x1 0x2 fc:f2:9f:a6:8c:78 * eth0.2 192.168.1.79 0x1 0x0 00:00:00:00:00:00 * eth0.2 root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0.2 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0.2 192.168.11.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-lan root@OpenWrt:~# root@OpenWrt:~# netstat -nr Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0.2 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0.2 192.168.11.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-lan root@OpenWrt:~#
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