在使用spring的注解事务的时候,需要考虑到事务的传播行为、遇到什么类型的异常时,事务才起作用、事务方法之间的嵌套调用时,怎么样才生效等等诸多问题。网上搜到很多的主要还是一堆理论文字描述,我这里给出亲测的代码,是借助公司真实的系统来做测试。
系统之间调用图如下:
事务和异步处理都在server模块里面。
接口如下:
- /**
- * 测试事务行为接口
- *
- * @author plg
- *
- */
- public interface TestService {
- public void methodA();
- public void methodB();
- public void methodC();
- .
- .
- .
- }
使用两个表:
- CREATE TABLE `mall_order_statistics` (
- `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `shop_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
- `order_num` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
- `order_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
- `avg_order_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
- `pay_type` int(11) NOT NULL,
- `order_type` int(11) NOT NULL',
- `order_date` date NOT NULL,
- `create_time` datetime NOT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
- KEY `idx_shop_id` (`shop_id`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB
- CREATE TABLE `mall_goods_ranking` (
- `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `shop_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
- `order_date` date NOT NULL,
- `mall_goods_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
- `goods_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
- `sales_volume` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
- `sales_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
- `create_time` datetime NOT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
- KEY `idx_shop_id` (`shop_id`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB
1.事务与异常类型
这里用的是注解式事务@Transactional。
1.1 正常的处理
先来一个正常的处理,事先已把数据库表清空,代码调用如下:
- web端代码如下:
- try {
- testService.methodA();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- logger.error("========================= " + e);
- }
- server端代码如下:
- @Transactional
- @Override
- public void methodA() {
- MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
- mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
- MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
- mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
- }
执行结果:
1.2异常处理-不插入必填字段,抛出RuntimeException
- @Transactional
- @Override
- public void methodA() {
- MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
- mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
- MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
- // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
- }
如上面的代码,把第二条插入语句的一个必填字段注释掉,这样执行之后,抛出了异常:
- ; SQL []; Column 'shop_id' cannot be null; nested exception is com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Column 'shop_id' cannot be null, dubbo version: 2.8.4, current host: 192.168.9.141
- org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException:
抛出了DataIntegrityViolationException类型的异常,这个异常是RuntimeException类型的异常,spring的@Transactional默认就是捕捉RuntimeException异常,遇到RuntimeException异常才会处理事务回滚。
既然抛出了RuntimeException异常,那数据库自然没有插入成功了。接下来演示抛出Exception异常,看事务能否生效。
1.3异常处理-不插入必填字段,抛出Exception
- @Transactional
- @Override
- public void methodA() throws Exception {
- try {
- MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
- mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
- MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
- // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- logger.error(" ================== " + e);
- throw new Exception("异常");
- }
- }
- java.lang.Exception: 异常
- at yunnex.saofu.mall.service.impl.TestServiceImpl.methodA(TestServiceImpl.java:55)
- at yunnex.saofu.mall.service.impl.TestServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$8fcf06b.invoke(<generated>)
- at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
- at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:717)
看到了吗,第一条SQL还是插入成功了,第二条语句插入出错,抛出Exception异常,但是事务并没有回滚。 接下来测试一下@Transactional(rollbackFor=Exception.class)这种情况。
1.4异常处理-不插入必填字段,抛出Exception,@Transactional指定异常类型
数据库表没有插入数据。
2.事务方法嵌套使用
这里在引入一个表(mall_config),这个表原先是空的。
2.1事务方法调用私有方法,私有方法有数据库操作,私有方法抛出异常
- @Transactional
- @Override
- public void methodA() throws Exception {
- MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
- mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
- mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
- mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);
- this.insert();
- }
- private void insert() {
- MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
- mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
- MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
- // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);//这里抛出异常
- }
执行结果:
数据没有插入,事务生效!在同一个类中,一个事务方法调用私用方法,私用方法里有对数据库的操作,私有方法里有异常(RuntimeException)产生,这种情况事务是起效果的。
2.2 事务方法调用私有方法,私有方法有数据库操作,事务方法抛出异常
- @Transactional
- @Override
- public void methodA() throws Exception {
- MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
- mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
- mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
- mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);
- this.insert();
- //第三部分
- MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
- // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
- }
- private void insert() {
- MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
- mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
- }
看以上代码,只有第三部分那里抛出异常,执行结果和2.1一样如下。在同一个类里面,一个事务方法里调用私有方法,相当于代码都写在事务方法里。
2.3 接口方法调用私有方法,私有方法添加事务注解
- @Override
- public void methodA() throws Exception {
- MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
- mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
- mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
- mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);
- this.insert();
- }
- @Transactional
- private void insert() {
- MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
- mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
- mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
- MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
- // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
- mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
- mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
- mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
- mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
- }
执行结果如下:
出现异常后,前面两个表还是插入成功了。@Transactional放在private方法上是不起效果的,并且也不报错,spring官网也说明了这一点。实际上,像这种情况,内部调用带有事务注解的public方法,事务也不生效,也就是
- @Transactional
- public void insert() {
- 改成
- @Transactional
- private void insert() {
具体原因请查看:http://blog.csdn.net/seelye/article/details/40144817。
方法内部调用带有事务注解的方法(无论是private还是public),事务是不生效的。
spring异步(@Async)处理也是一样,有时候在进行业务处理的过程,有些业务可以作为异步来处理,这时候就有一些同学就在同一类中新建一个方法,使用@Async注解,然后调用这个异步方法,其实这是不起作用的,一定要新建另外一个类,这个类新建公共方法,用@Async注解,然后调用才起到异步的作用。