一 .python基于djago项目书籍管理

一 .djago项目书籍管理(增删改查) 

                 

models
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
    nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=2) # 999999.99
    pub_date=models.DateTimeField()  # "2012-12-12"
    comment_count=models.IntegerField(default=100)
    poll_count=models.IntegerField(default=100)
    publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE)  # 级联删除
    authors=models.ManyToManyField(to="Author")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    email=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    ad=models.OneToOneField(to="AuthorDetail",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #books=models.ManyToManyField("Book")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    addr=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    tel=models.IntegerField()
    #author=models.OneToOneField("Author",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.addr

# class Author2Book(models.Model):
#     nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
#     book=models.ForeignKey(to="Book",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
#     author=models.ForeignKey(to="Author",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

###############################################################
class Emp(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField(default=20)
    dep=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pro=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    salary=models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=2)

urls
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('addrecord/', views.addrecord),
    path('query/', views.query),
    path('query2/', views.query2),
    ############## 图书管理系统 #############
    path("books/",views.book_view),
    re_path("^$",views.book_view),
    path("books/add/",views.book_add),
    re_path("^books/edit/(?P<edit_book_id>d+)$",views.book_edit),
    re_path("^books/delete/(?P<del_book_id>d+)$",views.book_del),
]

views
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
# Create your views here.
from app01.models import Book,Publish,Author,AuthorDetail,Emp

def addrecord(request):
    '''
    添加记录

    '''

    # 一对多的添加方式：
    #pub_obj=Publish.objects.filter(name="橙子出版社").first()

    # book=Book.objects.create(
    #     title="python",
    #     price=120,
    #     pub_date="2012-12-12",
    #     publish_id=1,
    #     #publish=pub_obj
    #
    # )


    # 多对多的添加方式:
    # 方式1
    # alex=Author.objects.filter(name="alex").first()
    # egon=Author.objects.filter(name="egon").first()
    # book.authors.add(alex,egon)
    # 方式2：
    # book.authors.add(1,2)
    # 方式3：
    # book.authors.add(*[1,2])

    #######
    # egon=Author.objects.filter(name="egon").first()
    # book=Book.objects.filter(nid=4).first()
    # #book.authors.remove(1)
    # book.authors.clear()

    ###### 解除再绑定
    book = Book.objects.filter(nid=3).first()
    book.authors.clear()
    book.authors.add(1)
    book.authors.set(1)

    '''
        app01_book_authors
              id     book_id   author_id
               1        3          1
               2        3          2
    
    '''
    return HttpResponse("添加成功")



def query(request):
    ######################### 基于对象的跨表查询 #############################
    ####### 一对多 ##########
    '''
    正向查询：关联属性所在的表查询关联表记录
    反向查询

        ----正向查询按字段：book.publish
    Book------------------------------------>Publish
         <-----------------------------------
          反向查询表名小写_set.all()：pub_obj.book_set.all()

    '''

    # 1 查询python这本书出版社的名字和邮箱
    # book=Book.objects.filter(title="python").first()
    # pub_obj=Publish.objects.filter(nid=book.publish_id).first()
    # print(pub_obj.name)
    # print(pub_obj.email)
    ########################
    # book = Book.objects.filter(title="python").first()
    # print(book.publish) #  与book这本书关联出版社对象
    # print(book.publish.name) #  与book这本书关联出版社对象
    # print(book.publish.email) #  与book这本书关联出版社对象

    # 2 查询苹果出版社出版的所有的书籍的名称
    # pub_obj=Publish.objects.get(name="苹果出版社")
    # print(pub_obj.book_set.all())  # queryset
    # print(pub_obj.book_set.all().values("title"))  # queryset

    ####### 多对多 ##########
    '''
                正向查询按字段 book.authors.all()
       Book  -------------------------------------->Author
             <--------------------------------------
                反向查询按表名小写_set.all()： alex.book_set.all()
    '''

    # 查询python这本书籍的作者的年龄
    book=Book.objects.filter(title="python").first()
    ret=book.authors.all().values("age") # 与这本书关联的左右作者的queryset的集合
    print(ret)
    # #查询alex出版过的所有的书籍名称
    # alex=Author.objects.filter(name="alex").first()
    # print(alex.book_set.all())
    ####### 一对一 ##########
    '''
                     正常查询安字段：alex.ad
        Author -----------------------------------------> AuthorDetail
               <------------------------------------------
                     反向查询按表名小写  ad.author
    '''
    # 查询alex的手机号
    # alex = Author.objects.filter(name="alex").first()
    # print(alex.ad.tel)
    # # 查询手机号为110的作者的名字
    # ad=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(tel=110).first()
    # print(ad.author.name)
    return HttpResponse("查询成功")



def query2(request):
    ################基于双下划线的跨表查询（基于join实现的）################
    # KEY：正向查询按字段，反向查询按表明小写
    # 1 查询python这本书出版社的名字

    # ret=Book.objects.filter(title="python").values("price")
    # ret=Book.objects.filter(title="python").values("publish__name")
    # print(ret)
    # ret=Publish.objects.filter(book__title="python").values("name")
    # print(ret)

    # 2 查询苹果出版社出版的所有的书籍的名称
    # ret=Publish.objects.filter(name="苹果出版社").values("book__title")
    # ret=Book.objects.filter(publish__name="苹果出版社")


    # 3 查询python这本书籍的作者的年龄

    # ret=Book.objects.filter(title="python").values("authors__age")
    # print(ret)
    # ret=Author.objects.filter(book__title="python").values("age")
    #
    # # 4 查询alex出版过的所有的书籍名称
    # ret1=Book.objects.filter(authors__name="alex").values("title")
    # ret2=Author.objects.filter(name="alex").values("book__title")
    # print(ret1,ret2)

    # 5 查询alex的手机号

    # ret=Author.objects.filter(name="alex").values("ad__tel")
    # ret=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(author__name="alex").values("tel")

    # 6 查询手机号为110的作者的名字

    # ret=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(tel=110).values("author__name")
    # ret=Author.objects.filter(ad__tel=110).values("name")

    ########### 连续跨表  ###############

    # 查询苹果出版社出版过的所有书籍的名字以及作者的姓名

    # ret=Publish.objects.filter(name="苹果出版社").values("book__title","book__authors__name")
    # ret=Book.objects.filter(publish__name="苹果出版社").values("title","authors__name")
    # ret=Book.objects.filter(publish__name="苹果出版社").values("title","authors__name")
    # print(ret)

    # 手机号以110开头的作者出版过的所有书籍名称以及出版社名称
    # 方式1:
    # ret=Author.objects.filter(ad__tel__startswith=110).values_list("book__title","book__publish__name")
    # print(ret)

    # 方式2：
    # ret=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(tel__startswith=110).values("author__book__title","author__book__publish__name")
    #
    # # 方式3：
    # ret=Book.objects.filter(authors__ad__tel__startswith=110).values("title","publish__name")

    ################ 聚合 分组 ################
    '''
    emp
       id  name    dep      pro  salary
        1  alex   教学部   山东    1000
        2  mjj    教学部   山东    3000
        3  林海峰 保安部    山东   5000
        4  peiqi  人事部   河北   10000

        select Count(id) from emp;
        select AVG(salary) from emp;

        select dep,AVG(salary) from emp group by dep
        select pro,Count(1) from emp group by pro

    '''
    # 聚合
    # 查询所有书籍的平均价格
    from django.db.models import Avg,Max,Sum,Min,Count
    # ret=Book.objects.all().aggregate(priceAvg=Avg("price"))
    # print(ret) # {'priceAvg': 142.0}
    # # 查询所有书籍的个数
    # ret=Book.objects.all().aggregate(c=Count(1))
    # print(ret) # {'c': 4}
    # 分组
    # 单表分组查询
    # 查询书籍表每一个出版社id以及对应的书籍个数
    # key： annotate()前values哪一个字段就按哪一个字段group by
    # ret=Book.objects.values("publish_id").annotate(c=Count(1))
    # print(ret)
      # # 查询每一个部门的名称以及对应员工的平均薪水
    # ret=Emp.objects.values("dep").annotate(avg_salary=Avg("salary"))
    # print(ret) # [{'dep': '教学部', 'avg_salary': 2500.0}, {'dep': '保洁部', 'avg_salary': 3500.0}, {'dep': '保安部', 'avg_salary': 4000.0}]>
        # # 查询每一个省份的名称以及对应的员工最大年龄
        # ret=Emp.objects.values("pro").annotate(max_age=Max("age"))
    # print(ret) # <QuerySet [{'pro': '山东省', 'max_age': 123}, {'pro': '河南省', 'max_age': 23}, {'pro': '河北省', 'max_age': 56}]>


    # 单表按主键分组没有意义
    # Emp.objects.values("id").annotate()

    # 跨表分组查询
    '''
    select app01_publish.name,COUNT(1) from app01_book INNER JOIN app01_publish ON app01_book.publish_id=app01_publish.nid
 
                             GROUP BY app01_publish.nid
    '''

    # 1 查询每一个出版社的名称以及对应的书籍平均价格
    # 方式1：
    # ret=Publish.objects.values("name","email").annotate(avg_price=Avg("book__price"))
    # print(ret) # <QuerySet [{'name': '苹果出版社', 'avg_price': 117.0}, {'name': '橙子出版社', 'avg_price': 112.0}, {'name': '西瓜出版社', 'avg_price': 222.0}]>
    # 方式2：
    # ret=Publish.objects.all().annotate(avg_price=Avg("book__price")).values("name","email","avg_price")
    # print(ret) # <QuerySet [<Publish: 苹果出版社>, <Publish: 橙子出版社>, <Publish: 西瓜出版社>]>
    # 方式3：
    # ret=Publish.objects.annotate(avg_price=Avg("book__price")).values("name","email","avg_price")
    # print(ret) # <QuerySet [<Publish: 苹果出版社>, <Publish: 橙子出版社>, <Publish: 西瓜出版社>]>
    # 2 查询每一个作者的名字以及出版的书籍的最高价格

    # ret=Author.objects.values("pk","name").annotate(max_price=Max("book__price"))
    # print(ret)

    # ret=Author.objects.annotate(maxprice=Max("book__price")).values("name","maxprice")
    # print(ret)

    # 3 查询每一个书籍的名称以及对应的作者的个数
    # ret=Book.objects.values("title").annotate(c=Count("authors"))
    # print(ret) # <QuerySet [{'title': 'python', 'authors__count': 2}, {'title': 'linux', 'authors__count': 1}, {'title': 'go', 'authors__count': 1}, {'title': 'java', 'authors__count': 0}]>

    # ret=Book.objects.annotate(c=Count("authors")).values("title","c")
    # print(ret)

    # 4 查询作者数不止一个的书籍名称以及作者个数
    # ret=Book.objects.annotate(c=Count("authors__name")).filter(c__gt=1).values("title","c")
    # print(ret)

    # 5 根据一本图书作者数量的多少对查询集 QuerySet进行排序
    # ret=Book.objects.annotate(c=Count("authors__name")).order_by("c")

    # 6 统计每一本以py开头的书籍的名称以及作者个数

    # ret=Book.objects.filter(title__startswith="py").annotate(c=Count("authors__name"))

    ################ F 与 Q ################
    from django.db.models import F,Q

    # # 查询评论数大于100的所有的书籍名称
    # ret=Book.objects.filter(comment_count__gt=100).values("title")
    # # 查询评论数大于2倍点赞数的所有的书籍名称
    # ret=Book.objects.filter(comment_count__gt=F("poll_count")*2)
    # print(ret)

    # 给每一本书籍的价格提升100
    # Book.objects.all().update(price=100+F("price"))

    # 查询价格大于300或者评论数大于3000的书籍
    # ret=Book.objects.filter(price__gt=300,comment_count__gt=3000)
    # print(ret)

    # 与 &    或 |   非 ~
    # ret = Book.objects.filter(Q(price__gt=300)|~Q(comment_count__gt=3000))
    # print(ret)
    ret = Book.objects.filter(Q(Q(price__gt=300) | ~Q(comment_count__gt=3000))&Q(poll_count__gt=2000))
    ret = Book.objects.filter(Q(Q(price__gt=300) | ~Q(comment_count__gt=3000)),poll_count__gt=2000)
    #ret = Book.objects.filter(poll_count__gt=2000,Q(Q(price__gt=300) | ~Q(comment_count__gt=3000)))
    print(ret)
    return HttpResponse("查询成功")


##################### 图书管理系统 视图函数 ##################



def book_view(request):
    book_list=Book.objects.all()
    return render(request,"book_view.html",{"book_list":book_list})


def book_add(request):
    if request.method=="GET":
        publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
        author_list=Author.objects.all()
        return render(request,"book_add.html",{"publish_list":publish_list,"author_list":author_list})
    else:
        title=request.POST.get("title")
        price=request.POST.get("price")
        pub_date=request.POST.get("pub_date")
        publish_id=request.POST.get("publish_id")
        authors=request.POST.getlist("authors")
        print(request.POST)
        print(authors)
        book=Book.objects.create(title=title,price=price,pub_date=pub_date,publish_id=publish_id)
        book.authors.add(*authors)
        return redirect("/books/")



def book_edit(request,edit_book_id):
    edit_book = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
    if request.method=="GET":
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        author_list = Author.objects.all()
        return render(request,"book_edit.html",{"edit_book":edit_book,"publish_list":publish_list,"author_list":author_list})

    else:
        title = request.POST.get("title")
        price = request.POST.get("price")
        pub_date = request.POST.get("pub_date")
        publish_id = request.POST.get("publish_id")
        authors = request.POST.getlist("authors")
        print(request.POST)
        print(authors)
        Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=title,price=price,pub_date=pub_date,publish_id=publish_id)
        edit_book.authors.set(authors)
        return redirect("/books/")


def book_del(request,del_book_id):
    Book.objects.filter(pk=del_book_id).delete()
    return redirect("/books/")

templates

book_view.html    展示页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
     <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>

<h1 style="text-align:center;padding:20px 0; font-weight:bold;">首页书籍系统</h1>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">

             <table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-striped">
                  <thead>
                        <tr>
                             <th>编号</th>
                             <th>书籍名称</th>
                             <th>价格</th>
                             <th>出版日期</th>
                             <th>出版社</th>
                             <th>作者</th>
                             <th>操作</th>
                        </tr>
                  </thead>
                 <tbody>
                       {% for book in book_list %}
                       <tr>
                           <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                           <td>{{ book.title }}</td>
                           <td>{{ book.price }}</td>
                           <td>{{ book.pub_date|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>
                           <td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td>
                           <td>
                               {% for author in book.authors.all %}
                               <span>{{ author.name }}</span>
                               {% if not forloop.last %}
                               ,
                               {% endif %}
                               {% endfor %}

                           </td>

                           <td>
                               <a href="/books/delete/{{ book.pk }}" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">删除</a>
                               <a href="/books/edit/{{ book.pk }}" class="btn btn-warning btn-sm">编辑</a>
                           </td>
                       </tr>

                       {% endfor %}

                 </tbody>
             </table>
               <a href="/books/add/" class="btn btn-primary pull-right">添加书籍</a>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<script src="/static/js/jquery.js"></script>
<script>
    $("h3").click(function () {
        $(this).css("color","green")
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

book_edit.html 编辑页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
     <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>
<body>

<h3 style="text-align:center;padding:20px 0; font-weight:bold;">编辑书籍</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <form action="" method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="title">书籍名称</label>
                    <input class="form-control" value="{{ edit_book.title }}" type="text" name="title" id="title">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="price">价格</label>
                    <input class="form-control" value="{{ edit_book.price }}" type="text" name="price" id="price">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="pub_date">出版日期</label>
                    <input class="form-control" value="{{ edit_book.pub_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}" type="date" name="pub_date" id="pub_date">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="pub_date">出版社</label>
                    <select name="publish_id" id="" class="form-control">
                        {% for publish in publish_list %}
                            {% if edit_book.publish == publish %}
                                 <option selected  value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                            {% else %}
                                 <option  value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                            {% endif %}
                        {% endfor %}

                    </select>
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="pub_date">作者</label>
                    <select name="authors" id="" class="form-control" multiple>
                        {% for author in author_list %}
                            {% if author in edit_book.authors.all %}
                               <option selected value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                            {% else %}
                               <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                            {% endif %}
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                </div>
                <input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
            </form>

        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

book_add.html 添加页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
     <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>
<body>

<h3 style="text-align:center;padding:20px 0; font-weight:bold;">添加书籍</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <form action="" method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="title">书籍名称</label>
                    <input class="form-control" type="text" name="title" id="title">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="price">价格</label>
                    <input class="form-control" type="text" name="price" id="price">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="pub_date">出版日期</label>
                    <input class="form-control" type="date" name="pub_date" id="pub_date">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="pub_date">出版社</label>
                    <select name="publish_id" id="" class="form-control">
                        {% for publish in publish_list %}
                            <option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="pub_date">作者</label>
                    <select name="authors" id="" class="form-control" multiple>
                        {% for author in author_list %}
                            <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                </div>
                <input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

settings中 logging日志

LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'console':{
            'level':'DEBUG',
            'class':'logging.StreamHandler',
        },
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.db.backends': {
            'handlers': ['console'],
            'propagate': True,
            'level':'DEBUG',
        },
    }
}