1. 问题
在C++中,在进行输入输出操作时,我们首先会想到用cout, cin这两个库操作语句来实现,比如
cout << 8 << "hello world!" << endl;
cin >> s;
cout,cin分别是库ostream, istream里的类对象
如果想要cout,cin来输出或输入一个类对象,这样的需求它能满足吗?很显然,原来的cout不太可能满足直接输入输出一个我们自定义的类对象,
但是只要我们对<<, >>操作符进行重载就可以让它处理自定义的类对象了。
2. 实现
有一复数类:
class Complex { priate: int real; int imag; public: Complex(int r=0, int i=0):real(r),imag(i) { cout << real << " + " << imag << "i" ; cout << "complex class constructed." } }
int main() {
Complex c; // output : 0+0i, complex class constructed.
cout << c ; // error
return 0;
}
之所以上面main函数中 cout << c会出错,是因为 cout本身不支持类对象的处理,如果要让它同样能打印类对象,必须得重载操作符<<.
#include <iostream> #include <string> class Complex { priate: int real; int imag; public: Complex(int r=0, int i=0):real(r),imag(i) { cout << real << " + " << imag << "i" ; cout << "complex class constructed." } // overload global function friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & o, const Complex & c); friend istream & operator >> (istream & i, Complex & c); } ostream & operator<<(ostream & o, const Complex & c) { o<< c.real << "+" << c.imag << "i"; return o; } istream & operator >> (istream & i, Complex & c){ string s; i >> s; // simillar to cin >> s; input string format like as a+bi ... // parse s and get the real and imag c. real = real; c.imag = imag; return i; }
重载了操作符 <<, >> 运算后, 就可以对类Complex直接进行 输入输出操作了,比如
int main{ Complex c, c1; cin >> c; //input : 3+4i cout << c <<";" << c1 << " complex output."; // output : 3+4i; 0+0i complex output. }