• C#客户端Redis服务器的分布式缓存


    介绍

    在这篇文章中,我想介绍我知道的一种最紧凑的安装和配置Redis服务器的方式。另外,我想简短地概述一下在.NET / C#客户端下Redis hash(哈希类型)和list(链表)的使用。

    在这篇文章主要讲到:

    • 安装Redis服务器(附完整的应用程序文件设置
    • Redis服务器保护(配置身份验证)
    • 配置服务器复制
    • 从C#应用程序访问缓存
    • 使用Redis ASP.NET会话状态
    • Redis 集合(Set)、列表(List)和事务处理用法示例
    • 说明附加的源(Redis Funq LoC MVC项目:举例)
    • 缓存的优化思路

    背景

    Redis是最快也是功能最丰富的内存Key-Value数据存储系统之一。

    缺点

    • 没有本地数据缓存(如在Azure缓存同步本地数据缓存)
    • 没有完全集群化的支持(不过,可能今年年底会实现)

    优点

    • 易于配置
    • 使用简单
    • 高性能
    • 支持不同的数据类型(如hash(哈希类型)、list(链表)、set(集合)、sorted set(有序集))
    • ASP.NET会话集成
    • Web UI用于浏览缓存内容

    下面我将简单说明如何在服务器上安装和配置Redis,并用C#使用它。

    Redis的安装

    https://github.com/dmajkic/redis/downloads(win32 win64直接链接)下载二进制文件,解包档案到应用程序目录(如C:Program FilesRedis)

    下载从https://github.com/kcherenkov/redis-windows-service/downloads编译的Redis服务,然后复制到程序文件夹(如C:Program FilesRedis)。如果配置文件丢失,也可以下载复制到应用程序目录。有效的Redis配置文件的范例在https://raw.github.com/antirez/redis/2.6/redis.conf

    Redis应用程序的完整文件也可以从压缩文件(x64)得到。

    当你拥有了全套的应用程序文件(如下图所示),

    redis application folder conten

    导航到应用程序目录,然后运行以下命令:

    sc create %name% binpath= ""%binpath%" %configpath%" start= "auto" DisplayName= "Redis"

    其中:

    • %name%——服务实例的名称,例如:redis-instance;
    • %binpath%——到项目exe文件的路径,例如:C:Program FilesRedisRedisService_1.1.exe;
    • %configpath%——到Redis配置文件的路径,例如:C:Program FilesRedis edis.conf;

    举例:

    sc create Redis start= auto DisplayName= Redis binpath= ""C:Program FilesRedisRedisService_1.1.exe
    " "C:Program FilesRedis
    edis.conf""

    即应该是这样的:

    请确保有足够的权限启动该服务。安装完毕后,请检查该服务是否创建成功,当前是否正在运行:

    或者,你可以使用安装程序(我没试过):https://github.com/rgl/redis/downloads

    Redis服务器保护:密码,IP过滤

    保护Redis服务器的主要方式是使用Windows防火墙或活跃的网络连接属性设置IP过滤。此外,还可以使用Redis密码设置额外保护。这需要用下面的方式更新Redis配置文件(redis.conf):

    首先,找到这行:

    # requirepass foobared

    删除开头的#符号,用新密码替换foobared:

    requirepass foobared

    然后,重新启动Redis Windows服务!

    当具体使用客户端的时候,使用带密码的构造函数:

    RedisClient client = new RedisClient(serverHost, port, redisPassword);

    Redis服务器复制(主—从配置)

    Redis支持主从同步,即,每次主服务器修改,从服务器得到通知,并自动同步。大多复制用于读取(但不能写)扩展和数据冗余和服务器故障转移。设 置两个Redis实例(在相同或不同服务器上的两个服务),然后配置其中之一作为从站。为了让Redis服务器实例是另一台服务器的从属,可以这样更改配 置文件:

    找到以下代码:

    # slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

    替换为:

    slaveof 192.168.1.1 6379

    (可以自定义指定主服务器的真实IP和端口)。如果主服务器配置为需要密码(验证),可以如下所示改变redis.conf,找到这一行代码:

    # masterauth <master-password>

    删除开头的#符号,用主服务器的密码替换<master-password>,即:

    masterauth mastpassword

    现在这个Redis实例可以被用来作为主服务器的只读同步副本。

    用C#代码使用Redis缓存

    用C#代码使用Redis运行Manage NuGet包插件,找到ServiceStack.Redis包,并进行安装。

    直接从实例化客户端使用Set/Get方法示例:

    string host = "localhost";
    string elementKey = "testKeyRedis";
    
    using (RedisClient redisClient = new RedisClient(host))
    {
          if (redisClient.Get<string>(elementKey) == null)
          {
               // adding delay to see the difference
               Thread.Sleep(5000); 
               // save value in cache
               redisClient.Set(elementKey, "some cached value");
          }
          // get value from the cache by key
          message = "Item value is: " + redisClient.Get<string>("some cached value");
     }

    类型化实体集更有意思和更实用,这是因为它们操作的是确切类型的对象。在下面的代码示例中,有两个类分别定义为Phone和Person——phone的主人。每个phone实例引用它的主人。下面的代码演示我们如何通过标准添加、删除和发现缓存项:

    public class Phone
    {
       public int Id { get; set; }
       public string Model { get; set; }
       public string Manufacturer { get; set; }
       public Person Owner { get; set; }
    }
    
    public class Person
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Surname { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public string Profession { get; set; }
    }
    
    using (RedisClient redisClient = new RedisClient(host))
    {
         IRedisTypedClient<phone> phones = redisClient.As<phone>();
         Phone phoneFive = phones.GetValue("5");
         if (phoneFive == null)
         {
              // make a small delay
              Thread.Sleep(5000);
              // creating a new Phone entry
              phoneFive = new Phone
              {
                   Id = 5,
                   Manufacturer = "Motorolla",
                   Model = "xxxxx",
                   Owner = new Person
                   {
                        Id = 1,
                        Age = 90,
                        Name = "OldOne",
                        Profession = "sportsmen",
                        Surname = "OldManSurname"
                   }
              };
              // adding Entry to the typed entity set
              phones.SetEntry(phoneFive.Id.ToString(), phoneFive);
         }
         message = "Phone model is " + phoneFive.Manufacturer;
         message += "Phone Owner Name is: " + phoneFive.Owner.Name;
    }

    在上面的例子中,我们实例化了输入端IRedisTypedClient,它与缓存对象的特定类型——Phone类型一起工作。

    Redis ASP.NET会话状态

    要用Redis提供商配置ASP.NET会话状态,添加新文件到你的Web项目,命名为RedisSessionStateProvider.cs,可以从https://github.com/chadman/redis-service-provider/raw/master/RedisProvider/SessionProvider/RedisSessionProvider.cs复制代码,然后添加或更改配置文件中的以下部分(sessionState标签已经内置于system.web标签),或者你也可以下载附加来源和复制代码。

    <sessionstate timeout="1" mode="Custom" 
    customprovider="RedisSessionStateProvider" cookieless="false">
          <providers>
            <add name="RedisSessionStateProvider" writeexceptionstoeventlog="false" 
            type="RedisProvider.SessionProvider.CustomServiceProvider" 
            server="localhost" port="6379" password="pasword">
          </add> </providers>
    </sessionstate>

    注意,此密码是可以选择的,看服务器是否需要认证。它必须被真实的值替换或删除,如果Redis服务器不需要身份验证,那么服务器属性和端口得由具体的数值代替(默认端口为6379)。然后在项目中,你才可以使用会话状态:

    // in the Global.asax
    public class MvcApplication1 : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            //....
        }
    
        protected void Session_Start()
        {
            Session["testRedisSession"] = "Message from the redis ression";
        }
    }

    在Home controller(主控制器):

    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
           //...
           ViewBag.Message = Session["testRedisSession"];
           return View();
        }
    //...
    }

    结果:

    ASP.NET输出缓存提供者,并且Redis可以用类似的方式进行配置。

    Redis Set(集合)和List(列表)

    主要要注意的是,Redis列表实现IList<T>,而Redis集合实现ICollection<T>。下面来说说如何使用它们。

    当需要区分相同类型的不同分类对象时,使用列表。例如,我们有“mostSelling(热销手机)”和“oldCollection(回收手机)”两个列表:

    string host = "localhost";
    using (var redisClient = new RedisClient(host))
    {
        //Create a 'strongly-typed' API that makes all Redis Value operations to apply against Phones
        IRedisTypedClient<phone> redis = redisClient.As<phone>();
    
        IRedisList<phone> mostSelling = redis.Lists["urn:phones:mostselling"];
        IRedisList<phone> oldCollection = redis.Lists["urn:phones:oldcollection"];
    
        Person phonesOwner = new Person
            {
                Id = 7,
                Age = 90,
                Name = "OldOne",
                Profession = "sportsmen",
                Surname = "OldManSurname"
            };
    
        // adding new items to the list
        mostSelling.Add(new Phone
                {
                    Id = 5,
                    Manufacturer = "Sony",
                    Model = "768564564566",
                    Owner = phonesOwner
                });
    
        oldCollection.Add(new Phone
                {
                    Id = 8,
                    Manufacturer = "Motorolla",
                    Model = "324557546754",
                    Owner = phonesOwner
                });
    
        var upgradedPhone  = new Phone
        {
            Id = 3,
            Manufacturer = "LG",
            Model = "634563456",
            Owner = phonesOwner
        };
    
        mostSelling.Add(upgradedPhone);
    
        // remove item from the list
        oldCollection.Remove(upgradedPhone);
    
        // find objects in the cache
        IEnumerable<phone> LGPhones = mostSelling.Where(ph => ph.Manufacturer == "LG");
    
        // find specific
        Phone singleElement = mostSelling.FirstOrDefault(ph => ph.Id == 8);
    
        //reset sequence and delete all lists
        redis.SetSequence(0);
        redisClient.Remove("urn:phones:mostselling");
        redisClient.Remove("urn:phones:oldcollection");
    }

    当需要存储相关的数据集和收集统计信息,例如answer -> queustion给答案或问题投票时,Redis集合就非常好使。假设我们有很多的问题(queustion)和答案(answer ),需要将它们存储在缓存中。使用Redis,我们可以这么做:

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the Redis Manager. The built-in IoC used with ServiceStack autowires this property.
    /// </summary>
    IRedisClientsManager RedisManager { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Delete question by performing compensating actions to 
    /// StoreQuestion() to keep the datastore in a consistent state
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="questionId">
    public void DeleteQuestion(long questionId)
    {
        using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient())
        {
            var redisQuestions = redis.As<question>();
    
            var question = redisQuestions.GetById(questionId);
            if (question == null) return;
    
            //decrement score in tags list
            question.Tags.ForEach(tag => redis.IncrementItemInSortedSet("urn:tags", tag, -1));
    
            //remove all related answers
            redisQuestions.DeleteRelatedEntities<answer>(questionId);
    
            //remove this question from user index
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>q:" + question.UserId, questionId.ToString());
    
            //remove tag => questions index for each tag
            question.Tags.ForEach("urn:tags>q:" + tag.ToLower(), questionId.ToString()));
    
            redisQuestions.DeleteById(questionId);
        }
    }
    
    public void StoreQuestion(Question question)
    {
        using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient())
        {
            var redisQuestions = redis.As<question>();
    
            if (question.Tags == null) question.Tags = new List<string>();
            if (question.Id == default(long))
            {
                question.Id = redisQuestions.GetNextSequence();
                question.CreatedDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
    
                //Increment the popularity for each new question tag
                question.Tags.ForEach(tag => redis.IncrementItemInSortedSet("urn:tags", tag, 1));
            }
    
            redisQuestions.Store(question);
            redisQuestions.AddToRecentsList(question);
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>q:" + question.UserId, question.Id.ToString());
    
            //Usage of tags - Populate tag => questions index for each tag
            question.Tags.ForEach(tag => redis.AddItemToSet
            ("urn:tags>q:" + tag.ToLower(), question.Id.ToString()));
        }
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// Delete Answer by performing compensating actions to 
    /// StoreAnswer() to keep the datastore in a consistent state
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="questionId">
    /// <param name="answerId">
    public void DeleteAnswer(long questionId, long answerId)
    {
        using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient())
        {
            var answer = redis.As<question>().GetRelatedEntities<answer>
            (questionId).FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == answerId);
            if (answer == null) return;
    
            redis.As<question>().DeleteRelatedEntity<answer>(questionId, answerId);
    
            //remove user => answer index
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>a:" + answer.UserId, answerId.ToString());
        }
    }
    
    public void StoreAnswer(Answer answer)
    {
        using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient())
        {
            if (answer.Id == default(long))
            {
                answer.Id = redis.As<answer>().GetNextSequence();
                answer.CreatedDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            }
    
            //Store as a 'Related Answer' to the parent Question
            redis.As<question>().StoreRelatedEntities(answer.QuestionId, answer);
            //Populate user => answer index
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>a:" + answer.UserId, answer.Id.ToString());
        }
    }
    
    public List<answer> GetAnswersForQuestion(long questionId)
    {
        using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient())
        {
            return redis.As<question>().GetRelatedEntities<answer>(questionId);
        }
    }
    
    public void VoteQuestionUp(long userId, long questionId)
    {
        //Populate Question => User and User => Question set indexes in a single transaction
        RedisManager.ExecTrans(trans =>
        {
            //Register upvote against question and remove any downvotes if any
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:q>user+:" + questionId, userId.ToString()));
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:q>user-:" + questionId, userId.ToString()));
    
            //Register upvote against user and remove any downvotes if any
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>q+:" + userId, questionId.ToString()));
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>q-:" + userId, questionId.ToString()));
        });
    }
    
    public void VoteQuestionDown(long userId, long questionId)
    {
        //Populate Question => User and User => Question set indexes in a single transaction
        RedisManager.ExecTrans(trans =>
        {
            //Register downvote against question and remove any upvotes if any
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:q>user-:" + questionId, userId.ToString()));
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:q>user+:" + questionId, userId.ToString()));
    
            //Register downvote against user and remove any upvotes if any
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.AddItemToSet"urn:user>q-:" + userId, questionId.ToString()));
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>q+:" + userId, questionId.ToString()));
        });
    }
    
    public void VoteAnswerUp(long userId, long answerId)
    {
        //Populate Question => User and User => Question set indexes in a single transaction
        RedisManager.ExecTrans(trans =>
        {
            //Register upvote against answer and remove any downvotes if any
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:a>user+:" + answerId, userId.ToString()));
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:a>user-:" + answerId, userId.ToString()));
    
            //Register upvote against user and remove any downvotes if any
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>a+:" + userId, answerId.ToString()));
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>a-:" + userId, answerId.ToString()));
        });
    }
    
    public void VoteAnswerDown(long userId, long answerId)
    {
        //Populate Question => User and User => Question set indexes in a single transaction
        RedisManager.ExecTrans(trans =>
        {
            //Register downvote against answer and remove any upvotes if any
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:a>user-:" + answerId, userId.ToString()));
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:a>user+:" + answerId, userId.ToString()));
    
            //Register downvote against user and remove any upvotes if any
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>a-:" + userId, answerId.ToString()));
            trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
            redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>a+:" + userId, answerId.ToString()));
        });
    }
    
    public QuestionResult GetQuestion(long questionId)
    {
        var question = RedisManager.ExecAs<question>
        (redisQuestions => redisQuestions.GetById(questionId));
        if (question == null) return null;
    
        var result = ToQuestionResults(new[] { question })[0];
        var answers = GetAnswersForQuestion(questionId);
        var uniqueUserIds = answers.ConvertAll(x => x.UserId).ToHashSet();
        var usersMap = GetUsersByIds(uniqueUserIds).ToDictionary(x => x.Id);
    
        result.Answers = answers.ConvertAll(answer =>
            new AnswerResult { Answer = answer, User = usersMap[answer.UserId] });
    
        return result;
    }
    
    public List<user> GetUsersByIds(IEnumerable<long> userIds)
    {
        return RedisManager.ExecAs<user>(redisUsers => redisUsers.GetByIds(userIds)).ToList();
    }
    
    public QuestionStat GetQuestionStats(long questionId)
    {
        using (var redis = RedisManager.GetReadOnlyClient())
        {
            var result = new QuestionStat
            {
                VotesUpCount = redis.GetSetCount("urn:q>user+:" +questionId),
                VotesDownCount = redis.GetSetCount("urn:q>user-:" + questionId)
            };
            result.VotesTotal = result.VotesUpCount - result.VotesDownCount;
            return result;
        }
    }
    
    public List<tag> GetTagsByPopularity(int skip, int take)
    {
        using (var redis = RedisManager.GetReadOnlyClient())
        {
            var tagEntries = redis.GetRangeWithScoresFromSortedSetDesc("urn:tags", skip, take);
            var tags = tagEntries.ConvertAll(kvp => new Tag { Name = kvp.Key, Score = (int)kvp.Value });
            return tags;
        }
    }
    
    public SiteStats GetSiteStats()
    {
        using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient())
        {
            return new SiteStats
            {
                QuestionsCount = redis.As<question>().TypeIdsSet.Count,
                AnswersCount = redis.As<answer>().TypeIdsSet.Count,
                TopTags = GetTagsByPopularity(0, 10)
            };
        }
    }

    附加资源说明

    项目中引用的一些包在packages.config文件中配置。

    Funq IoC的相关配置,以及注册类型和当前控制器目录,在Global.asax文件中配置。

    基于IoC的缓存使用以及Global.asax可以打开以下URL:http://localhost:37447/Question/GetQuestions?tag=test 查看。

    你可以将tag字段设置成test3,test1,test2等。

    Redis缓存配置——在web config文件(<system.web><sessionState>节点)以及RedisSessionStateProvider.cs文件中。

    在MVC项目中有很多待办事项,因此,如果你想改进/继续,请更新,并上传。

    如果有人能提供使用Redis(以及Funq IOC)缓存的MVC应用程序示例,本人将不胜感激。Funq IOC已经配置,使用示例已经在Question controller中。

    注:部分取样于“ServiceStack.Examples-master”解决方案。

    结论。优化应用程序缓存以及快速本地缓存

    由于Redis并不在本地存储(也不在本地复制)数据,那么通过在本地缓存区存储一些轻量级或用户依赖的对象(跳过序列化字符串和客户端—服务端数据转换)来优化性能是有意义的。例如,在Web应用中,对于轻量级的对象使用’System.Runtime.Caching.ObjectCache‘ 会更好——用户依赖,并且应用程序时常要用。否则,当经常性地需要使用该对象时,就必须在分布式Redis缓存中存储大量容积的内容。用户依赖的对象举例——个人资料信息,个性化信息 。常用对象——本地化数据,不同用户之间的共享信息,等等。

    下载源代码(Redis Funq LoC MVC 4版本)

    链接

    如何运行Redis服务:

    https://github.com/kcherenkov/redis-windows-service

    文档:

    http://redis.io/documentation

    .NET / C#示例:

    https://github.com/ServiceStack/ServiceStack.Examples

    关于如何用C#在Windows上使用Redis的好建议:

    http://maxivak.com/getting-started-with-redis-and-asp-net-mvc-under-windows/:

    http://www.piotrwalat.net/using-redis-with-asp-net-web-api/

    关于Redis:

    https://github.com/ServiceStack/ServiceStack.Redis

    Azure缓存

    http://kotugoroshko.blogspot.ae/2013/07/windows-azure-caching-integration.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/loveheyi/p/5319871.html
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