• SpringMVC(6)数据验证


    在系列SpringMVC(4)数据绑定-1SpringMVC(5)数据绑定-2中我们展示了如何绑定数据,绑定完数据之后如何确保我们得到的数据的正确性?这就是我们本篇要说的内容 —> 数据验证。

    这里我们采用Hibernate-validator来进行验证,Hibernate-validator实现了JSR-303验证框架支持注解风格的验证。首先我们要到http://hibernate.org/validator/下载需要的jar包,这里以4.3.1.Final作为演示,解压后把hibernate-validator-4.3.1.Final.jar、jboss-logging-3.1.0.jar、validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar这三个包添加到项目中。

    配置之前项目中的springservlet-config.xml文件,如下:

    <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->  
        <mvc:annotation-driven validator="validator" conversion-service="conversion-service" />
        
        <bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean">
            <property name="providerClass"  value="org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator"/>
            <!--不设置则默认为classpath下的 ValidationMessages.properties -->
            <property name="validationMessageSource" ref="validatemessageSource"/>
        </bean>
        <bean id="conversion-service" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean" />
        <bean id="validatemessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource">  
            <property name="basename" value="classpath:validatemessages"/>  
            <property name="fileEncodings" value="utf-8"/>  
            <property name="cacheSeconds" value="120"/>  
        </bean>

    其中<property name="basename" value="classpath:validatemessages"/>中的classpath:validatemessages为注解验证消息所在的文件,需要我们在resources文件夹下添加。

    在com.demo.web.controllers包中添加一个ValidateController.java内容如下:

    package com.demo.web.controllers;
    
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    import javax.validation.Valid;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import com.demo.web.models.ValidateModel;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "/validate")
    public class ValidateController {
        
        @RequestMapping(value="/test", method = {RequestMethod.GET})
        public String test(Model model){
    
            if(!model.containsAttribute("contentModel")){
                model.addAttribute("contentModel", new ValidateModel());
            }
            return "validatetest";
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value="/test", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
        public String test(Model model, @Valid @ModelAttribute("contentModel") ValidateModel validateModel, BindingResult result) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException{
            
            //如果有验证错误 返回到form页面
            if(result.hasErrors())
                return test(model);
            return "validatesuccess";     
        }
        
    }

    其中@Valid @ModelAttribute("contentModel") ValidateModel validateModel的@Valid 意思是在把数据绑定到@ModelAttribute("contentModel") 后就进行验证。

    在com.demo.web.models包中添加一个ValidateModel.java内容如下:

    package com.demo.web.models;
    
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;
    
    public class ValidateModel{
        
        @NotEmpty(message="{name.not.empty}")
        private String name;
        @Range(min=0, max=150,message="{age.not.inrange}")
        private String age;
        @NotEmpty(message="{email.not.empty}")
        @Email(message="{email.not.correct}")
        private String email;
        
        public void setName(String name){
            this.name=name;
        }
        public void setAge(String age){
            this.age=age;
        }
        public void setEmail(String email){
            this.email=email;
        }
        
        public String getName(){
            return this.name;
        }
        public String getAge(){
            return this.age;
        }
        public String getEmail(){
            return this.email;
        }
        
    }

    在注解验证消息所在的文件即validatemessages.properties文件中添加以下内容:

    name.not.empty=u540Du79F0u4E0Du80FDu4E3Au7A7Au3002
    age.not.inrange=u5E74u9F84u8D85u51FAu8303u56F4u3002
    email.not.correct=u90AEu7BB1u5730u5740u4E0Du6B63u786Eu3002
    email.not.empty=u7535u5B50u90AEu4EF6u4E0Du80FDu60DFu6050u3002

    其中name.not.empty等分别对应了ValidateModel.java文件中message=”xxx”中的xxx名称,后面的内容是在输入中文是自动转换的ASCII编码,当然你也可以直接把xxx写成提示内容,而不用另建一个validatemessages.properties文件再添加,但这是不正确的做法,因为这样硬编码的话就没有办法进行国际化了。

    在views文件夹中添加validatetest.jsp和validatesuccess.jsp两个视图,内容分别如下:

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    
    <%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
    
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form:form modelAttribute="contentModel" method="post">     
            
            <form:errors path="*"></form:errors><br/><br/>
                
            name:<form:input path="name" /><br/>
            <form:errors path="name"></form:errors><br/>
            
            age:<form:input path="age" /><br/>
            <form:errors path="age"></form:errors><br/>
            
            email:<form:input path="email" /><br/>
            <form:errors path="email"></form:errors><br/>
    
            <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
            
        </form:form>  
    </body>
    </html>
    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        验证成功!
    </body>
    </html>

    其中特别要指出的是validatetest.jsp视图中<form:form modelAttribute="contentModel" method="post">modelAttribute="xxx"后面的名称xxx必须与对应的@Valid @ModelAttribute("xxx") 中的xxx名称一致,否则模型数据和错误信息都绑定不到。

    <form:errors path="name"></form:errors>即会显示模型对应属性的错误信息,当path="*"时则显示模型全部属性的错误信息。

    运行测试:

    1

    直接点击提交:

    2

    可以看到正确显示了设置的错误信息。

    填写错误数据提交:

    3

    可以看到依然正确显示了设置的错误信息。

    填写正确数据提交:

    4

    5

    可以看到验证成功。

     

    下面是主要的验证注解及说明:

    注解

    适用的数据类型

    说明

    @AssertFalse

    Boolean, boolean

    验证注解的元素值是false

    @AssertTrue

    Boolean, boolean

    验证注解的元素值是true

    @DecimalMax(value=x)

    BigDecimal, BigInteger, String, byte,short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number andCharSequence.

    验证注解的元素值小于等于@ DecimalMax指定的value值

    @DecimalMin(value=x)

    BigDecimal, BigInteger, String, byte,short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number andCharSequence.

    验证注解的元素值小于等于@ DecimalMin指定的value值

    @Digits(integer=整数位数, fraction=小数位数)

    BigDecimal, BigInteger, String, byte,short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number andCharSequence.

    验证注解的元素值的整数位数和小数位数上限

    @Future

    java.util.Date, java.util.Calendar; Additionally supported by HV, if theJoda Time date/time API is on the class path: any implementations ofReadablePartial andReadableInstant.

    验证注解的元素值(日期类型)比当前时间晚

    @Max(value=x)

    BigDecimal, BigInteger, byte, short,int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type ofCharSequence (the numeric value represented by the character sequence is evaluated), any sub-type of Number.

    验证注解的元素值小于等于@Max指定的value值

    @Min(value=x)

    BigDecimal, BigInteger, byte, short,int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of CharSequence (the numeric value represented by the char sequence is evaluated), any sub-type of Number.

    验证注解的元素值大于等于@Min指定的value值

    @NotNull

    Any type

    验证注解的元素值不是null

    @Null

    Any type

    验证注解的元素值是null

    @Past

    java.util.Date, java.util.Calendar; Additionally supported by HV, if theJoda Time date/time API is on the class path: any implementations ofReadablePartial andReadableInstant.

    验证注解的元素值(日期类型)比当前时间早

    @Pattern(regex=正则表达式, flag=)

    String. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of CharSequence.

    验证注解的元素值与指定的正则表达式匹配

    @Size(min=最小值, max=最大值)

    String, Collection, Map and arrays. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of CharSequence.

    验证注解的元素值的在min和max(包含)指定区间之内,如字符长度、集合大小

    @Valid

    Any non-primitive type(引用类型)

    验证关联的对象,如账户对象里有一个订单对象,指定验证订单对象

    @NotEmpty

    CharSequence,CollectionMap and Arrays

    验证注解的元素值不为null且不为空(字符串长度不为0、集合大小不为0)

    @Range(min=最小值, max=最大值)

    CharSequence, Collection, Map and Arrays,BigDecimal, BigInteger, CharSequence, byte, short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types

    验证注解的元素值在最小值和最大值之间

    @NotBlank

    CharSequence

    验证注解的元素值不为空(不为null、去除首位空格后长度为0),不同于@NotEmpty,@NotBlank只应用于字符串且在比较时会去除字符串的空格

    @Length(min=下限, max=上限)

    CharSequence

    验证注解的元素值长度在min和max区间内

    @Email

    CharSequence

    验证注解的元素值是Email,也可以通过正则表达式和flag指定自定义的email格式

     

    更多信息请参考官方文档:http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/validator/4.3/reference/en-US/html/validator-usingvalidator.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/love-omnus/p/4196594.html
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