SQL> HELP
HELP
----
Accesses the SQL*Plus help system. Enter HELP INDEX for a list of topics.
HELP [topic]
SQL> HELP INDEX
Enter Help [topic] for help.
@ COPY PAUSE SHUTDOWN
@@ DEFINE PRINT SPOOL
/ DEL PROMPT SQLPLUS
ACCEPT DESCRIBE QUIT START
APPEND DISCONNECT RECOVER STARTUP
ARCHIVE LOG EDIT REMARK STORE
ATTRIBUTE EXECUTE REPFOOTER TIMING
BREAK EXIT REPHEADER TTITLE
BTITLE GET RESERVED WORDS (SQL) UNDEFINE
CHANGE HELP RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL) VARIABLE
CLEAR HOST RUN WHENEVER OSERROR
COLUMN INPUT SAVE WHENEVER SQLERROR
COMPUTE LIST SET
CONNECT PASSWORD SHOW
SQL> HELP @
@ ("at" sign)
-------------
Runs the SQL*Plus statements in the specified command file. The command
file can be called from the local file system or from a web server.
@ {uri|file_name[.ext]} [arg...]
where uri supports HTTP, FTP and gopher protocols in the form:
uri is only supported on Windows platforms in this release.
@@ (double "at" sign)
---------------------
Runs the specified command file. This command is identical to the @
command. It is useful for running nested command files because it
looks for the specified command file in the same uri or path as the
command file from which it was called.
@@ file_name[.ext] [arg...]
SQL> HELP /
/ (slash)
---------
Executes the SQL command or PL/SQL block in the SQL buffer.
Use slash (/) at the command prompt or at a line number prompt.
/
SQL> HELP ACCEPT
ACCEPT
------
Reads a line of input and stores it in a given user variable.
ACC[EPT] variable [NUM[BER] | CHAR | DATE] [FOR[MAT] format]
[DEF[AULT] default] [PROMPT text | NOPR[OMPT]] [HIDE]
SQL> HELP APPEND
APPEND
------
Adds text to the end of the current line in the SQL
buffer.
A[PPEND] text
SQL> HELP ARCHIVE LOG
ARCHIVE LOG
-----------
Starts or stops automatic archiving of online redo log files,
manually (explicitly) archives specified redo log files, or displays
information about redo log files.
ARCHIVE LOG {LIST|STOP} | {START|NEXT|ALL|integer} [TO destination]
SQL> HELP ATTRIBUTE
ATTRIBUTE
---------
Specifies display characteristics for a given attribute of
an Object Type column, such as format for NUMBER data.
Also lists the current display characteristics for a single
attribute or all attributes.
ATTRIBUTE [type_name.attribute_name [option... ]]
where option is one of the following terms or clauses:
ALI[AS] alias
CLE[AR]
FOR[MAT] format
LIKE {type_name.attribute_name | alias}
ON|OFF
SQL> HELP BREAK
BREAK
-----
Specifies where and how to make format changes to a report.
BRE[AK] [ON report_element [action [action]]] ...
where report_element has the following syntax:
{column | expression | ROW | REPORT}
and where action has the following syntax:
[SKI[P] n | [SKI[P]] PAGE] [NODUP[LICATES] | DUP[LICATES]]
SQL> HELP CHANGE
CHANGE
------
Changes the first occurrence of the specified text on
the current line of the SQL buffer.
C[HANGE] sepchar old [sepchar [new[sepchar]]]
SQL> HELP CLEAR
CLEAR
-----
Resets or erases the current value or setting for the specified option,
CL[EAR] option ...
where option is one of the following clauses:
BRE[AKS]
BUFF[ER]
COL[UMNS]
COMP[UTES]
SCR[EEN]
SQL
TIMI[NG]
SQL> HELP COLUMN
COLUMN
------
Specifies display attributes for a given column, such as:
- column heading text
- column heading alignment
- NUMBER data format
- column data wrapping
Also lists the current display attributes for a single column
or all columns.
COL[UMN] [{column | expr} [option...] ]
where option is one of the following clauses:
ALI[AS] alias
CLE[AR]
ENTMAP {ON|OFF}
FOLD_A[FTER]
FOLD_B[EFORE]
FOR[MAT] format
HEA[DING] text
JUS[TIFY] {L[EFT] | C[ENTER] | C[ENTRE] | R[IGHT]}
LIKE {expr | alias}
NEWL[INE]
NEW_V[ALUE] variable
NOPRI[NT] | PRI[NT]
NUL[L] text
OLD_V[ALUE] variable
ON|OFF
WRA[PPED] | WOR[D_WRAPPED] | TRU[NCATED]
SQL> HELP COMPUTE
COMPUTE
-------
Calculates and prints summary lines, using various standard
computations, on subsets of selected rows. It also lists all
COMPUTE definitions.
COMP[UTE] [function [LAB[EL] text] ...
OF {expr|column|alias} ...
ON {expr|column|alias|REPORT|ROW} ...]
SQL> HELP CONNECT
CONNECT
-------
Connects a given username to Oracle.
CONN[ECT] [{logon|/} [AS {SYSOPER|SYSDBA}]]
where logon has the following syntax:
username[/password][@connect_identifier]
SQL> HELP COPY
COPY
----
COPY copies data from a query to a table in a local or remote
database. COPY supports CHAR, DATE, LONG, NUMBER and VARCHAR2.
COPY {FROM database | TO database | FROM database TO database}
{APPEND|CREATE|INSERT|REPLACE} destination_table
[(column, column, column, ...)] USING query
where database has the following syntax:
username[/password]@connect_identifier
SQL> HELP DEFINE
DEFINE
------
Specifies a user variable and assigns it a CHAR value, or
lists the value and variable type of a single variable or all
variables.
DEF[INE] [variable] | [variable = text]
SQL>
SQL> HELP DEL
DEL
---
Deletes one or more lines of the SQL buffer.
DEL [n | n m | n * | n LAST | * | * n | * LAST | LAST]
SQL> HELP DESCRIBE
DESCRIBE
--------
Lists the column definitions for a table, view, or synonym,
or the specifications for a function or procedure.
DESC[RIBE] {[schema.]object[@connect_identifier]}
SQL> HELP DISCONNECT
DISCONNECT
----------
Commits pending changes to the database and logs the current
user out of Oracle, but does not exit SQL*Plus. Use EXIT or
QUIT to log out of Oracle and return control to your host
computer's operating system.
DISC[ONNECT]
SQL> HELP EDIT
EDIT
----
Invokes a host operating system text editor on the contents of
the specified file or on the contents of the SQL buffer.
ED[IT] [file_name[.ext]]
SQL> HELP EXECUTE
EXECUTE
-------
Executes a single PL/SQL statement or runs a stored procedure.
EXEC[UTE] statement
SQL> HELP EXIT
EXIT
----
Terminates SQL*Plus and returns control to the operating
system.
{EXIT|QUIT} [SUCCESS|FAILURE|WARNING|n|variable|:BindVariable]
[COMMIT|ROLLBACK]
SQL> HELP GET
GET
---
Loads a SQL statement or PL/SQL block from a host operating system
file into the SQL buffer.
GET file_name[.ext] [LIS[T] | NOL[IST]]
SQL> HELP HELP
HELP
----
Accesses the SQL*Plus HELP system. Enter HELP INDEX for a list of topics.
HELP [topic]
SQL> HELP HOST
HOST
----
Executes a host operating system command without leaving
SQL*Plus.
HO[ST] [command]
SQL> HELP INPUT
INPUT
-----
Adds one or more lines of text after the current line in the
SQL buffer.
I[NPUT] [text]
SQL> HELP LIST
LIST
----
Lists one or more lines of the SQL buffer. Enter LIST with no
clauses to list all lines.
L[IST] [n | n m | n * | n LAST | * | * n | * LAST | LAST]
SQL> HELP PASSWORD
PASSWORD
--------
Allows you to change a password without echoing the password
on an input device.
PASSW[ORD] [username]
SQL> HELP PAUSE
PAUSE
-----
Displays the specified text then waits for the user to press RETURN.
PAU[SE] [text]
SQL> HELP PRINT
PRINT
-----
Displays the current value of bind variables.
PRI[NT] [variable ...]
SQL> HELP PROMPT
PROMPT
------
Sends the specified message or a blank line to the user's
screen.
PRO[MPT] [text]
SQL> HELP QUIT
QUIT
----
Terminates SQL*Plus and returns control to the operating system.
Enter HELP EXIT for QUIT command syntax.
SQL> HELP RECOVER
RECOVER
-------
Performs media recovery on one or more tablespaces, one or more
datafiles, or the entire database.
RECOVER {general | managed} | END BACKUP}
where the general clause has the following syntax:
[AUTOMATIC] [FROM location]
{ {full_database_recovery | partial_database_recovery |LOGFILE filename}
[ {TEST | ALLOW integer CORRUPTION }
[TEST | ALLOW integer CORRUPTION]...]
|CONTINUE [DEFAULT]|CANCEL}
where the full_database_recovery clause has the following syntax:
[STANDBY] DATABASE
[{ UNTIL {CANCEL | TIME date | CHANGE integer}
| USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE}
[UNTIL {CANCEL | TIME date | CHANGE integer}
| USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE]...]
where the partial_database_recovery clause has the following syntax:
{TABLESPACE tablespace [, tablespace]...
| DATAFILE datafilename [, datafilename]...
| STANDBY
{TABLESPACE tablespace [, tablespace]...
| DATAFILE datafilename [, datafilename]...}
UNTIL [CONSISTENT] [WITH] CONTROLFILE }
where the managed clause has the following syntax:
MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE
[ {NODELAY | [TIMEOUT] integer | CANCEL [IMMEDIATE] [NOWAIT]}
| [DISCONNECT [FROM SESSION] ] [FINISH [NOWAIT] ] ]
SQL> HELP REMARK
REMARK
------
Begins a comment in a command file. SQL*Plus does not interpret
the comment as a command.
REM[ARK]
SQL> HELP REPFOOTER
REPFOOTER
---------
Places and formats a footer at the bottom of a report, or lists the
REPFOOTER definition.
REPF[OOTER] [PAGE] [printspec [text|variable] ...] | [OFF|ON]
where printspec is one or more of the following clauses:
COL n LE[FT] BOLD
S[KIP] [n] CE[NTER] FORMAT text
TAB n R[IGHT]
SQL> HELP REPHEADR
SP2-0172: HELP 不可用。
SQL> HELP REPHEADER
REPHEADER
---------
Places and formats a header at the top of a report, or lists the
REPHEADER definition.
REPH[EADER] [PAGE] [printspec [text|variable] ...] | [OFF|ON]
where printspec is one or more of the following clauses:
COL n LE[FT] BOLD
S[KIP] [n] CE[NTER] FORMAT text
TAB n R[IGHT]
SQL> HELP RESERVED WORDS
RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL)
-----------------------
PL/SQL Reserved Words have special meaning in PL/SQL, and may not be used
for identifier names (unless enclosed in "quotes").
An asterisk (*) indicates words are also SQL Reserved Words.
ALL* DESC* JAVA PARTITION SUBTYPE
ALTER* DISTINCT* LEVEL* PCTFREE* SUCCESSFUL*
AND* DO LIKE* PLS_INTEGER SUM
ANY* DROP* LIMITED POSITIVE SYNONYM*
ARRAY ELSE* LOCK* POSITIVEN SYSDATE*
AS* ELSIF LONG* PRAGMA TABLE*
ASC* END LOOP PRIOR* THEN*
AT EXCEPTION MAX PRIVATE TIME
AUTHID EXCLUSIVE* MIN PROCEDURE TIMESTAMP
AVG EXECUTE MINUS* PUBLIC* TO*
BEGIN EXISTS* MINUTE RAISE TRIGGER*
BETWEEN* EXIT MLSLABEL* RANGE TRUE
BINARY_INTEGER EXTENDS MOD RAW* TYPE
BODY FALSE MODE* REAL UID*
BOOLEAN FETCH MONTH RECORD UNION*
BULK FLOAT* NATURAL REF UNIQUE*
BY* FOR* NATURALN RELEASE UPDATE*
CHAR* FORALL NEW RETURN USE
CHAR_BASE FROM* NEXTVAL REVERSE USER*
CHECK* FUNCTION NOCOPY ROLLBACK VALIDATE*
CLOSE GOTO NOT* ROW* VALUES*
CLUSTER* GROUP* NOWAIT* ROWID* VARCHAR*
COLLECT HAVING* NULL* ROWLABEL VARCHAR2*
COMMENT* HEAP NUMBER* ROWNUM* VARIANCE
COMMIT HOUR NUMBER_BASE ROWTYPE VIEW*
COMPRESS* IF OCIROWID SAVEPOINT WHEN
CONNECT* IMMEDIATE* OF* SECOND WHENEVER*
CONSTANT IN* ON* SELECT* WHERE*
CREATE* INDEX* OPAQUE SEPERATE WHILE
CURRENT* INDICATOR OPEN SET* WITH*
CURRVAL INSERT* OPERATOR SHARE* WORK
CURSOR INTEGER* OPTION* SMALLINT* WRITE
DATE* INTERFACE OR* SPACE YEAR
DAY INTERSECT* ORDER* SQL ZONE
DECLARE INTERVAL ORGANIZATION SQLCODE
DECIMAL* INTO* OTHERS SQLERRM
DEFAULT* IS* OUT START*
DELETE* ISOLATION PACKAGE STDDEV
RESERVED WORDS (SQL)
--------------------
SQL Reserved Words have special meaning in SQL, and may not be used for
identifier names unless enclosed in "quotes".
An asterisk (*) indicates words are also ANSI Reserved Words.
Oracle prefixes implicitly generated schema object and subobject names
with "SYS_". To avoid name resolution conflict, Oracle discourages you
from prefixing your schema object and subobject names with "SYS_".
ACCESS DEFAULT* INTEGER* ONLINE START
ADD* DELETE* INTERSECT* OPTION* SUCCESSFUL
ALL* DESC* INTO* OR* SYNONYM
ALTER* DISTINCT* IS* ORDER* SYSDATE
AND* DROP* LEVEL* PCTFREE TABLE*
ANY* ELSE* LIKE* PRIOR* THEN*
AS* EXCLUSIVE LOCK PRIVILEGES* TO*
ASC* EXISTS LONG PUBLIC* TRIGGER
AUDIT FILE MAXEXTENTS RAW UID
BETWEEN* FLOAT* MINUS RENAME UNION*
BY* FOR* MLSLABEL RESOURCE UNIQUE*
CHAR* FROM* MODE REVOKE* UPDATE*
CHECK* GRANT* MODIFY ROW USER*
CLUSTER GROUP* NOAUDIT ROWID VALIDATE
COLUMN HAVING* NOCOMPRESS ROWNUM VALUES*
COMMENT IDENTIFIED NOT* ROWS* VARCHAR*
COMPRESS IMMEDIATE* NOWAIT SELECT* VARCHAR2
CONNECT* IN* NULL* SESSION* VIEW*
CREATE* INCREMENT NUMBER SET* WHENEVER*
CURRENT* INDEX OF* SHARE WHERE
DATE* INITIAL OFFLINE SIZE* WITH*
DECIMAL* INSERT* ON* SMALLINT*
SQL> HELP RUN
RUN
---
Lists and executes the SQL command or PL/SQL block currently in
the SQL buffer.
R[UN]
SQL> HELP SAVE
SAVE
----
Saves the contents of the SQL buffer in a host operating system
command file.
SAV[E] file_name[.ext] [CRE[ATE] | REP[LACE] | APP[END]]
SQL> HELP SET
SET
---
Sets a system variable to alter the SQL*Plus environment settings
for your current session, for example:
- display width for NUMBER data
- turn on HTML formatting
- enabling or disabling printing of column headings
- number of lines per page
SET system_variable value
where system_variable and value represent one of the following clauses:
APPI[NFO]{OFF|ON|text} NEWP[AGE] {1|n|NONE}
ARRAY[SIZE] {15|n} NULL text
AUTO[COMMIT] {OFF|ON|IMM[EDIATE]|n} NUMF[ORMAT] format
AUTOP[RINT] {OFF|ON} NUM[WIDTH] {10|n}
AUTORECOVERY {ON|OFF} PAGES[IZE] {24|n}
AUTOT[RACE] {OFF|ON|TRACE[ONLY]} PAU[SE] {OFF|ON|text}
[EXP[LAIN]] [STAT[ISTICS]] RECSEP {WR[APPED] |
BLO[CKTERMINATOR] {.|c} EA[CH]|OFF}
CMDS[EP] {;|c|OFF|ON} RECSEPCHAR {_|c}
COLSEP {_|text} SERVEROUT[PUT] {OFF|ON}
COM[PATIBILITY] {V7|V8|NATIVE} [SIZE n] [FOR[MAT]
CON[CAT] {.|c|OFF|ON} {WRA[PPED] |
COPYC[OMMIT] {0|n} WOR[D_WRAPPED] |
COPYTYPECHECK {OFF|ON} TRU[NCATED]}]
DEF[INE] {'&'|c|OFF|ON} SHIFT[INOUT] {VIS[IBLE] |
DESCRIBE [DEPTH {1|n|ALL}] INV[ISIBLE]}
[LINENUM {ON|OFF}] [INDENT {ON|OFF}] SHOW[MODE] {OFF|ON}
ECHO {OFF|ON} SQLBL[ANKLINES] {ON|OFF}
EDITF[ILE] file_name[.ext] SQLC[ASE] {MIX[ED] |
EMB[EDDED] {OFF|ON} LO[WER] | UP[PER]}
ESC[APE] {\|c|OFF|ON} SQLCO[NTINUE] {> | text}
FEED[BACK] {6|n|OFF|ON} SQLN[UMBER] {OFF|ON}
FLAGGER {OFF|ENTRY|INTERMED[IATE]|FULL} SQLPLUSCOMPAT[IBILITY] {x.y[.z]}
FLU[SH] {OFF|ON} SQLPRE[FIX] {#|c}
HEA[DING] {OFF|ON} SQLP[ROMPT] {SQL>|text}
HEADS[EP] {||c|OFF|ON} SQLT[ERMINATOR]
INSTANCE [instance_path|LOCAL] {;|c|OFF|ON}
LIN[ESIZE] {80|n} SUF[FIX] {SQL|text}
LOBOF[FSET] {n|1} TAB {OFF|ON}
LOGSOURCE [pathname] TERM[OUT] {OFF|ON}
LONG {80|n} TI[ME] {OFF|ON}
LONGC[HUNKSIZE] {80|n} TIMI[NG] {OFF|ON}
MARK[UP] HTML [ON|OFF] TRIM[OUT] {OFF|ON}
[HEAD text] [BODY text] [TABLE text] TRIMS[POOL] {ON|OFF}
[ENTMAP {ON|OFF}] UND[ERLINE] {-|c|ON|OFF}
[SPOOL {ON|OFF}] VER[IFY] {OFF|ON}
[PRE[FORMAT] {ON|OFF}] WRA[P] {OFF|ON}
SQL> HELP SHOW
SHOW
----
Shows the value of a SQL*Plus system variable, or the
current SQL*Plus environment.
SHO[W] option
where option is one of the following terms or clauses:
system_variable
ALL
BTI[TLE]
ERR[ORS] [{FUNCTION | PROCEDURE | PACKAGE | PACKAGE BODY | TRIGGER
| VIEW | TYPE | TYPE BODY | DIMENSION | JAVA CLASS} [schema.]name]
LNO
PARAMETERS [parameter_name]
PNO
REL[EASE]
REPF[OOTER]
REPH[EADER]
SGA
SPOO[L]
SQLCODE
TT[ITLE]
USER
SQL> HELP SHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWN
--------
Shuts down a currently running Oracle instance, optionally closing
and dismounting a database.
SHUTDOWN [ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL|TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]
SQL> HELP SPOOL
SPOOL
-----
Stores query results in an operating system file, or sends the
file to a printer.
SPO[OL] [file_name[.ext] | OFF | OUT]
SQL> HELP SQLPLUS
SQLPLUS
-------
Starts SQL*Plus from the operating system prompt.
SQLPLUS [ [option] [logon] [start] ]
where option has the following syntax:
-H[ELP] | -V[ERSION]
| [ [-M[ARKUP] markup_option] [-R[ESTRICT] {1|2|3}] [-S[ILENT]] ]
and where markup_option has the following syntax:
HTML [ON|OFF] [HEAD text] [BODY text] [TABLE text]
[ENTMAP {ON|OFF}] [SPOOL {ON|OFF}] [PRE[FORMAT] {ON|OFF}]
and where logon has the following syntax:
{username[/password][@connect_identifier] | /}
[AS {SYSOPER|SYSDBA}] | /NOLOG
and where start has the following syntax:
@filename[.ext] [parameter ...]
SQL> HELP START
START
-----
Runs the SQL*Plus statements in the specified command file.
STA[RT] {uri|file_name[.ext]} [arg...]
where uri supports HTTP, FTP and gopher protocols in the form:
uri is only supported on Windows platforms in this release.
STARTUP
-------
Starts an Oracle instance with several options, including mounting,
and opening a database.
STARTUP [FORCE] [RESTRICT] [PFILE=filename] [MOUNT [dbname]
| OPEN [open_options] [dbname] | NOMOUNT]
where open_options has the following syntax:
READ {ONLY|WRITE [RECOVER]} | RECOVER
SQL> HELP STARTUP
STARTUP
-------
Starts an Oracle instance with several options, including mounting,
and opening a database.
STARTUP [FORCE] [RESTRICT] [PFILE=filename] [MOUNT [dbname]
| OPEN [open_options] [dbname] | NOMOUNT]
where open_options has the following syntax:
READ {ONLY|WRITE [RECOVER]} | RECOVER
SQL> HELP STORE
STORE
-----
Saves attributes of the current SQL*Plus environment in a host
operating system file (a command file).
STORE {SET} file_name[.ext] [CRE[ATE] | REP[LACE] | APP[END]]
SQL> HELP TIMING
TIMING
------
Records timing data for an elapsed time period, lists the
current timer's name and timing data, or lists the number of active
timers.
TIMI[NG] [START text|SHOW|STOP]
SQL> HELP TTITLE
TTITLE
------
Places and formats a title at the top of each report page.
Enter TTITLE with no clause to list its current definition.
The old form of TTITLE is used if only a single word or
a string in quotes follows the TTITLE command.
TTI[TLE] [printspec [text|variable] ...] | [OFF|ON]
where printspec is one or more of the following clauses:
COL n LE[FT] BOLD
S[KIP] [n] CE[NTER] FORMAT text
TAB n R[IGHT]
SQL> HELP UNDEFINE
UNDEFINE
--------
Deletes one or more user variables that you defined either
explicitly (with the DEFINE command), or implicitly (with a START
command argument).
UNDEF[INE] variable ...
SQL> HELP VARIABLE
VARIABLE
--------
Declares a bind variable that can then be referenced in PL/SQL.
VARIABLE with no arguments displays a list of all variables declared
in the session. VARIABLE followed by a name lists that variable.
VAR[IABLE] [variable [NUMBER | CHAR | CHAR (n [CHAR|BYTE]) | NCHAR
| NCHAR (n) | VARCHAR2 (n [CHAR|BYTE]) | NVARCHAR2 (n)
| CLOB | NCLOB | REFCURSOR]]
SQL> HELP WHENEVER OSERROR
WHENEVER OSERROR
----------------
Exits SQL*Plus if an operating system error (such as a file writing
error) occurs.
WHENEVER OSERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS|FAILURE|n|variable|:BindVariable]
[COMMIT|ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT|ROLLBACK|NONE]}
SQL> HELP WHENEVER SQLERROR
WHENEVER SQLERROR
-----------------
Exits SQL*Plus if a SQL command or PL/SQL block generates an error.
WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS|FAILURE|WARNING|n|variable|:BindVariable]
[COMMIT|ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT|ROLLBACK|NONE]}