• Linux网络属性配置—修改配置文件


    linux网络配置文件

    修改配置文件

    示例:设置一个静态的ip固定的虚拟机网络配置文件(静态ipVMvare虚拟机使用桥接模式)

    TYPE=Ethernet
    BOOTPROTO=static
    DEFROUTE=yes
    PEERDNS=yes
    PEERROUTES=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    NAME=eno16777736
    ONBOOT=yes
    IPADDR=192.168.4.111
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    GATEWAY=192.168.4.1
    DNS1=114.114.114.114

    一般情况下改成如下就行:(动态ipVMvare虚拟机使用NAT模式)

    TYPE=Ethernet
    BOOTPROTO=dhcp
    DEFROUTE=yes
    PEERDNS=yes
    PEERROUTES=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    NAME=eno16777736
    ONBOOT=yes

     重启命令1:

    systemctl restart network

     重启命令2:

    service network restart

    如果使用的是VMvare重启之后需要设置VMvare的网络连接为桥接模式

    名称不一致:

    通过查找

    cd /etc/udev/rules.d
    
    ls

    目录下的文件,然后编辑里边对应的文件

    虚拟机里边装KVM,配置文件对应的路径:

    /etc/libvirt/qemu/XXX.xml
    <!--
    WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
    OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
      virsh edit cepo-JK1
    or other application using the libvirt API.
    -->
    
    <domain type='kvm'>
      <name>cepo-JK1</name>
      <uuid>6661f0f8-f727-4e8b-9f6b-946b8601a6ee</uuid>
      <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>
      <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>
      <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
      <os>
        <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
        <boot dev='hd'/>
      </os>
      <features>
        <acpi/>
        <apic/>
      </features>
      <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
        <model fallback='allow'>Haswell-noTSX-IBRS</model>
      </cpu>
      <clock offset='utc'>
        <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
        <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
        <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
      </clock>
      <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
      <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
      <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
      <pm>
        <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
        <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
      </pm>
      <devices>
        <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
        <disk type='file' device='disk'>
          <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
          <source file='/home/kvm/cepo-JK1.img'/>
          <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
          <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
        </disk>
        <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
          <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
          <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
          <readonly/>
          <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
        </disk>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
          <master startport='0'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
          <master startport='2'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
          <master startport='4'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
        <controller type='ide' index='0'>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
        </controller>
        <interface type='bridge'>
          <mac address='52:54:00:49:00:b7'/>
          <source bridge='br0'/>
          <model type='rtl8139'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
        </interface>
        <interface type='direct'>
          <mac address='52:54:00:c7:67:0a'/>
          <source dev='eno2' mode='passthrough'/>
          <model type='rtl8139'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
        </interface>
        <serial type='pty'>
          <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
            <model name='isa-serial'/>
          </target>
        </serial>
        <console type='pty'>
          <target type='serial' port='0'/>
        </console>
        <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
        <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
        <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>
          <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
        </graphics>
        <video>
          <model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
        </video>
        <memballoon model='virtio'>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
        </memballoon>
      </devices>
    </domain>

    1、ip、MASK、GW、DNS配置文件的位置:

      /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-IFACE

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    
    TYPE=Ethernet   接口类型,常见的有ETHERNET(以太网)、Bridge(桥接接口)
    BOOTPROTO=dhcp  激活此接口使用什么协议来配置接口属性:dhcp,boot,static,none
    DEFROUTE=yes   
    PEERDNS=yes  如果BOOTPROTO的值为“dhcp”,是否允许dhcp
    DNS1:第一DNS服务器指向;若/etc/resolve的配置文件也有,则此处优先
    DNS2:备用DNS服务器指向;
    PEERROUTES=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6INIT=yes  是否初始化IPV6
    IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
    IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
    IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
    NAME=ens33
    UUID=0ea5507b-feab-4d8a-b582-e1874ca0bb97  此设备的唯一标识
    DEVICE=ens33  此配置文件对应的设备名称
    ONBOOT=yes  操作系统启动时,在系统引导过程中,是否激活此接口
    IPADDR: 指明IP地址;
    NETMASK:子网掩码;CentOS 7支持使用PREFIX以长度方式指明子网掩码;
    GATEWAY:默认网关;
    USERCTL:是否允许普通用户控制此设备;

     eg:

    # vim ifcfg-eth0
        1、设置:BOOTPROTO=static
        2、增加:
            IPADDR=172.16.100.12
        NETMASK=255.255.0.0
            GATEWAY=172.16.0.1
        DNS1=172.16.0.1    
    # route -n 执行命令,查看发现此时还没有生效,重启后后效
    # ifconfig eth0 down ifconfig eth0 up  禁用网卡就,再重启,不建议,建议重启网络
    # service network restart 重启

    说明:# service network restart相当于 # /etc/rc.d/init/d/network restart 

              service命令调用上面这个脚本并传递参数restart

      2、配置路由

        配置文件位置: /etc/sysyconfig/network-scripts/route-IFACE

        支持两种配置方式,当不可混用

          (1)、每行一个路由条目:

              TARGET VIA GW

          (2)每三行一个路由条目:

               ADDRESS#=TARGET(#:0.1.2.3....)
                               NETMASK#=MASK :目标地址对应的掩码
                             GATEWAY#=NEXTHOP :指明网关 

        eg:

          # 给eno33554984配置路由文件:

    [root@yph7 network-scripts]# vim route-eno33554984
    [root@yph7 network-scripts]# cat route-eno33554984 
    10.0.0.0/8 via 192.168.0.1
    或者以下面的格式:
    ADDRESS0=20.0.0.0
    NETMASK0=255.0.0.0
    GATEWAY0=192.168.10.2

    给网卡接口配置多地址

        ip addr之外,ifconfig或配置文件都可以;

        1、ifconfig

            格式:

              # ifconfig IFACE_LABEL IPADDR/NETMASK

                说明:IFACE_LABEL:类似于eth0:0,eth0:1

            eg:

    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 172.22.132.26
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
    ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.22.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.22.255
            inet6 fe80::e508:e81e:801f:4073  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:d3:73:49  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 5235  bytes 481513 (470.2 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 4234  bytes 488692 (477.2 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 172.22.132.26  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.22.255.255
            ether 00:0c:29:d3:73:49  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

     2、ip

          格式:# ip addr add IP dev DEVICE label IFACE_LABEL

        3、给网卡别名添加配置文件

          在上面讲的设置配置文件的基础上只需要修改两个地方:

            DEVICE=“ens33:0”

            IPADDR=.....

            注意网卡别名不支持动态获取地址,所以可以用的是:static,none

    Linux网络属性配置的tui工具

    • tui:text user interface,文本用户接口工具
    • 命令工具:# system-config-network-tui

        注意:保存之后会直接修改配置文件,不会立即有效,要重启网络服务,或者使用setup找到

    配置当前主机的主机名

      1、命令:hostname

      2、修改配置文件

          /etc/sysconfig/nerwork

        eg:

    [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
    # Created by anaconda
    
    HOSTNAME=CentOS7
    [root@localhost ~]# hostname
    localhost.localdomain  重启后会改变为CentOS7
    [root@localhost ~]# 

    nmcli命令

       1、CentOS7上ip配置的拎一个命令

       2、格式:

         nmcli  [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

          OBJECT:

            1、device :查看和管理网络接口

                COMMAND = {status | show | connect | disconnect | delete | wifi | wimax }

            2、connection :开启、禁止管理网络连接           

    COMMAND = { show| up | down | add | edit | modify | delete | reload | load }

             注意:connection可以缩写为conn

        eg:

          # 显示设备

    [root@localhost ~]# nmcli device show
    GENERAL.设备:                           virbr0
    GENERAL.类型:                           bridge
    GENERAL.硬盘:                           52:54:00:84:35:64
    GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
    GENERAL.状态:                           100 (连接的)
    GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     virbr0
    GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1
    IP4.地址[1]:                            192.168.122.1/24
    IP4.网关:                               
    IP6.网关:

    # 显示设备状态

    [root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status
    设备        类型      状态    CONNECTION 
    virbr0      bridge    连接的  virbr0     
    ens33       ethernet  连接的  ens33      
    lo          loopback  未管理  --         
    virbr0-nic  tun       未管理  -- 

    3、如何修改IP地址等属性

          格式: # nmcli  conn modify  IFACE  [+|-]setting.property  value

             说明:modify支持修改的参数如下:           

                  ipv4.address

                  ipv4.gateway

                  ipv4.dns1

                  ipv4.method

                  manual

          注意:这个命令还不成熟,添加地址后,先down后up才能生效

          eg:

    [root@yph6 network-scripts]# nmcli conn modify eno33554984 +ipv4.address 192.168.200.10/24
    [root@yph6 network-scripts]# nmcli conn down eno33554984
    [root@yph6 network-scripts]# nmcli conn up eno33554984
    [root@yph6 network-scripts]# nmcli conn show
    
    [root@yph6 network-scripts]# nmcli conn modify eno33554984 -ipv4.address 192.168.200.10/24
    [root@yph6 network-scripts]# nmcli conn down eno33554984
    [root@yph6 network-scripts]# nmcli conn up eno33554984
    [root@yph6 network-scripts]# nmcli conn show

    补充: 

        网络服务:

            network和NetworkManager

              centos6中最好用network

              centos7用NetworkManager

        管理网络服务

          CentOS 6:  service SERVICE {start|stop|restart|status(查看状态)}

          CentOS 7:systemctl {start|stop|restart|status} SERVICE[.service]

        配置文件修改之后,需要重启网络服务才能让配置文件生效哦;

          CentOS 6:# service  network  restart

          CentOS 7:# systemctl  restart  network.service

           centos7也可与6的用法一样,只是不太正规。

    转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/FernLi/p/7040711.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/longchengruoxi/p/11149384.html
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