Python中request模块学习【深入浅出】

安装:

pip install requests

使用：

import requests  

 HTTP请求：GET、POST、PUT、DELETE、HEAD、OPTIONS

1) get

res = requests.get("https://github.com/timeline.json") 

2) post

res = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post");

3) put

res = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put");

4) delete

res = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete");

5) head

res = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get") ;

6) options

res = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")

 为URL传递参数

requests模块使用params关键字参数，以一个字典的形式来提供参数。

>>> payload = {'key1':'value','key2':'value2'}
>>> res = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get",params=payload)
>>> res.url
u'http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value'

 

查看响应内容

    >>> res = requests.get("http://github.org/timeline.json")
    >>> res.text
    u'{"message":"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If youu2019re reading this then you probably didnu2019t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.","documentation_url":"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events"}'

 

 requests模块会自动解码来自服务器的内容，可以使用res.encoding来查看编码，在你需要的情况下，request也可以使用定制的编码，并使用codes模块进行注册，这样你就可以轻松的使用这个解码器的名称作为res.encoding的值

     >>> res.encoding
    'utf-8'
     >>> res.encoding = "gbk2312"

 以json格式获取响应的内容

    >>> res = requests.get("http://github.org/timeline.json")  
    >>> res.json()
{u'documentation_url': u'https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events', u'message': u'Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If youu2019re reading this then you probably didnu2019t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.'}

 原始的应该内容

    >>> res = requests.get("http://github.org/timeline.json")
    >>> res.raw
    <requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x0000000002F31550>
    >>> res.raw.read(10)
    ''

定制请求头

    >>> import json
    >>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
    >>> payload = {'some': 'data'}
    >>> headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}

post请求参数是这样：

>>> payload = {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}
>>> url = "http://httpbin.org/post"
>>> res =requests.post(url,data=payload)
>>> res.text
u'{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "key1": "value1", 
    "key2": "value2"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Content-Length": "23", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.10.0"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "218.240.129.20", 
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
'
>>> print res.text
{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "key1": "value1", 
    "key2": "value2"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Content-Length": "23", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.10.0"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "218.240.129.20", 
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

响应状态码及响应头：

>>> res = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get")

>>> res.status_code
200
>>> res.status_code == requests.codes.ok
True
>>> res.headers
{'Content-Length': '239', 'Server': 'nginx', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true', 'Date': 'Sun, 22 May 2016 09:24:10 GMT', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
>>> print res.headers
{'Content-Length': '239', 'Server': 'nginx', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true', 'Date': 'Sun, 22 May 2016 09:24:10 GMT', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
>>> res.headers['Content-Type']
'application/json'
>>> res.headers.get('content-type')
'application/json'
>>> res.headers.get('Connection')
'keep-alive'
>>> 

Cookies：

 访问cookies

>>> url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
>>> r = requests.get(url)

>>> r.cookies['example_cookie_name'] 

 设置cookies

>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')

>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
>>> r.text

'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'