队列的特点是先进先出。通常都把队列比喻成排队买东西,大家都非常守秩序,先排队的人就先买东西。
可是优先队列有所不同,它不遵循先进先出的规则,而是依据队列中元素的优先权,优先权最大的先被取出。
这就非常像堆的特征:总是移除优先级最高的根节点。
重点:优先级队列。是要看优先级的。谁的优先级更高,谁就先得到权限。不分排队的顺序!
上篇文章解释了堆的概念实现,如今用堆实现优先队列:
//最大堆 import java.util.ArrayList; public class Heap<E extends Comparable>{ private ArrayList<E> list=new ArrayList<E>();//用数组实现堆 public Heap(){} public Heap(E[] objects){ for(int i=0;i<objects.length;i++){ add(objects[i]); } } public void add(E newObject){//加入一个元素 list.add(newObject); int currentIndex=list.size()-1; while(currentIndex>0){ int parentIndex=(currentIndex-1)/2;//找到该结点的父结点 if(list.get(currentIndex).compareTo(list.get(parentIndex))>0){//与父节点比較 //假设当前结点的值大于父结点就交换位置 E temp=list.get(currentIndex); list.set(currentIndex, list.get(parentIndex)); list.set(parentIndex, temp); } else break; currentIndex=parentIndex; } } public E remove(){//删除并返回根结点,堆的特点是移除了根结点后还是堆 if(list.size()==0) return null; E removeObject=list.get(0); list.set(0, list.get(list.size()-1));//把最后一个结点放在根结点的位置 list.remove(list.size()-1); int currentIndex=0; while(currentIndex<list.size()){ int leftChildIndex=2*currentIndex+1; int rightChildIndex=2*currentIndex+2;//左右孩子结点的坐标 if(leftChildIndex>=list.size())break; //比較左右孩子的值,使maxIndex指向值大的结点 int maxIndex=leftChildIndex; if(rightChildIndex<list.size()){ if(list.get(maxIndex).compareTo(list.get(rightChildIndex))<0){ maxIndex=rightChildIndex; } } //假设当前结点的值小于其左右孩子中的大的值,就交换两个结点 if(list.get(currentIndex).compareTo(list.get(maxIndex))<0){ E temp=list.get(maxIndex); list.set(maxIndex, list.get(currentIndex)); list.set(currentIndex, temp); currentIndex=maxIndex; } else break; } return removeObject; } public int getSize(){ return list.size(); } }MyPriorityQueue.java
public class MyPriorityQueue<E extends Comparable> { private Heap<E> heap=new Heap<E>();//用堆实现优先队列 //入队列 public void enqueue(E e){ heap.add(e); //这个add以后。堆会自己调整成一个新堆 } //出队列 public E dequeue(){ return heap.remove();//这移除出之后,堆会自己调整,还是一个新堆 } public int getSize(){ return heap.getSize(); } }TestMyPriorityQueueMainClass.java
public class TestMyPriorityQueueMainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Patient p1=new Patient("John",2); Patient p2=new Patient("Tom",9); Patient p3=new Patient("Jack",4); Patient p4=new Patient("Michael",6); MyPriorityQueue<Patient> priorityQueue=new MyPriorityQueue<>(); priorityQueue.enqueue(p1); priorityQueue.enqueue(p2); priorityQueue.enqueue(p3); priorityQueue.enqueue(p4); while(priorityQueue.getSize()>0){ System.out.print(priorityQueue.dequeue()+" "); } } static class Patient implements Comparable{ private String name; private int priority; public Patient(String name,int priority){ this.name=name; this.priority=priority; } public String toString(){ return name+"(priority:"+priority+")"; } @Override public int compareTo(Object oo) {//比較优先级 // TODO Auto-generated method stub return this.priority-((Patient)oo).priority; } } }
測试结果:优先级高的先输出,优先级最高的就是堆的根节点