目前大部分用户使用的CentOS6.5上默认的Python还是2.6版本。升级到Python2.7碰到很多问题。本文将介绍如何安装Python2.7。
1. 安装必要的准备包
安装过程将用到gcc，方便起见，安装“Development Tools”
yum groupinstall "Development tools"
另外，Python安装中需要的一些依赖包
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel
2. 下载安装Python2.7
目前Python2.7的最新版本是2.7.11。可以在下面的网站查询：
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/
2.7.11的下载链接是：
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tgz
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tgz
tar vxf Python-2.7.11.tgz
cd Python-2.7.11
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
安装完成后，通过运行python，可以看到版本
>>> import sys >>> sys.version '2.7.11 (default, May 6 2016, 01:38:00) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)]'
修改python链接
rm /usr/bin/python ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python #链接python cd /usr/bin 修改yum文件找那个的最上面一句 #!/usr/bin/python 修改成 #!/usr/bin/python2.6
3.安装pip
pip是python的安装工具，很多python的常用工具，都可以通过pip进行安装。
要安装pip，首先要安装setuptools。下面的链接可以得到相关信息，最新版本是21.0.0:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools
下载链接：
https://pypi.python.org/packages/ff/d4/209f4939c49e31f5524fa0027bf1c8ec3107abaf7c61fdaad704a648c281/setuptools-21.0.0.tar.gz#md5=81964fdb89534118707742e6d1a1ddb4
同样的，进行安装：
tar vxf setuptools-21.0.0.tar.gz cd setuptools-21.0.0 python setup.py install
安装完成后，下载pip。其信息在如下网站：
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip
最新版是8.1.1，下载链接：
https://pypi.python.org/packages/41/27/9a8d24e1b55bd8c85e4d022da2922cb206f183e2d18fee4e320c9547e751/pip-8.1.1.tar.gz#md5=6b86f11841e89c8241d689956ba99ed7
同样的，进行安装
tar vxf pip-9.0.1.tar.gz cd pip-9.0.1 python setup.py install
安装完成后，运行pip
[root@hwthstest08 pip-9.0.1]# pip
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
search Search PyPI for packages.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output.
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
[root@hwthstest08 pip-8.1.1]#
安装一个程序检测：
[root@hwthstest08 pip-9.0.1]# pip install psutil
Collecting psutil
Downloading psutil-4.1.0.tar.gz (301kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 307kB 274kB/s
Installing collected packages: psutil
Running setup.py install for psutil ... done
Successfully installed psutil-4.1.0
4. 载入常用的tab.py程序
#!/usr/bin/evn python
import sys
import readline
import rlcompleter
import atexit
import os
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory')
try:
readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter