• 《Effective C++(第三版)》 的55条建议


    1. 让自己习惯C++(Accustoming yourself to C++)
      条款01: 视C++ 为一个语言联邦(View C++ as a federation of languages)
      条款02: 尽量以const,enum,inline替换#define(Prefer consts,enums,and inlines to #define)
      条款03: 尽可能使用const(Use const whenever possible)
      条款04: 确定对象被使用前已先被初始化(Make sure that objects are initialized before they’re used)
    2. 构造/析构/赋值运算(Constructors,Destructors, and Assignment Operators)
      条款05: 了解C++ 默默编写并调用哪些函数(Know what functions C++ silently writes and calls)
      条款06: 若不想使用编译器自动生成的函数,就该明确拒绝(Explicitly disallow the use of compiler-generated functions you do not want)
      条款07: 为多态基类声明virtual 析构函数(Declare destructors virtual in polymorphic base classes)
      条款08: 别让异常逃离析构函数(Prevent exceptions from leaving destructors)
      条款09: 绝不在构造和析构过程中调用virtual 函数(Never call virtual functions during construction or destruction)
      条款10: 令operator= 返回一个reference to *this(Have assignment operators return a reference to *this)
      条款11: 在operator= 中处理”自我赋值”(Handle assignment to self in operator=)
      条款12: 复制对象时勿忘其每一个成分(Copy call parts of an object)
    3. 资源管理(Resource Management)
      条款13: 以对象管理资源(use objects to manage resources)
      条款14: 在资源管理类中小心 copying 行为(Think carefully about copying behavior in resource-managing classes)
      条款15: 在资源管理类中提供对原始资源的访问(Provide access to raw resources in resource-managing classes)
      条款16: 成对使用new 和delete 时要采取相同形式(Use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete)
      条款17: 以独立语句将newed 对象置入智能指针(Store newed objects in smart pointers in standalone statements)
    4. 设计和声明(Designs and Declarations)
      条款18: 让接口容易被正确使用,不易被误用(Make interfaces easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly)
      条款19:设计class犹如设计type(Treat class design as type design)
      条款20:宁以pass-by-reference-to-const替换pass-by-value (Prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value)
      条款21: 必须返回对象时,别妄想返回其reference(Don’t try to return a reference when you must return an object)
      条款22: 将成员变量声明为private(Declare data members private)
      条款23: 宁以non-member、non-friend 替换member 函数(Prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions)
      条款24: 若所有参数皆需类型转换,请为此采用non-member 函数(Declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters)
      条款25: 考虑写出一个不抛异常的swap函数(Consider support for a non-throwing swap)
    5. 实现(Implementations)
      条款26: 尽可能延后变量定义式的出现时间(Postpone variable definations as long as possible)
      条款27: 尽量少做转型(Minimize casting)
      条款28: 避免返回handles指向对象内部成分(Avoid returning”handles” to object internals)
      条款29: 为“异常安全“努力是值得的(Strive for exception-safe code)
      条款30: 透彻了解inlining的里里外外(Understand the ins and outs of inlining)
      条款31: 将文件间的编译依存关系降至最低(Minimize compilation dependencies between files)
    6. 继承和面向对象设计(Inheritance and Object-Oriented Design)
      条款32:确定你的public 继承塑模出is-a关系(Make sure public inheritance models “is-a”)
      条款33:避免遮掩继承而来的名称(Avoid hiding inherited names)
      条款34: 区分接口继承和实现继承(Differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation)
      条款35: 考虑virtual函数以外的其他选择(Consider alternatives to virtual functions)
      条款36: 绝对不要重新定义继承而来的non-virtual函数
      条款37: 绝对不要重新定义继承而来的缺省参数值(Never redefine a function’s inherited default parameter value)
      条款38:通过复合塑模出has-a或“根据某物实现出”(Model “has-a” or “is-implemented-in-terms-of” through composition)
      条款39: 明智而审慎地使用private继承(Use private inheritance judiciously)
      条款40:明智而审慎地使用多重继承(Use multiple inheritance judiciously)
    7. 模板与泛型编程(Templates and Generic Programming)
      条款41:了解隐式接口和编译期多态(Understand implicit interfaces and compile-time polymorphism)
      条款42:了解typename的双重意义(Understand the two meanings of typename)
      条款43:学习处理模板化基类内的名称(Know how to access names in templatized base classes)
      条款44:将与参数无关的代码抽离templates(Factor parameter-independent code out of templates)
      条款45:运用成员函数模板接受所有兼容类型(Use member function templates to accept “all compatible types”)
      条款46:需要类型转换时请为模板定义非成员函数(define non-member functions inside templates when type conversions are desired)
      条款47:请使用traits classes表现类型信息(Use traits classes for information about types)
      条款48:认识template元编程(Be aware of template metaprogramming)
    8. 定制new和delete(Customizing new and delete)
      条款49:了解new-handler的行为(Understand the behavior of the new-handler)
      条款50:了解new和delete的合理替换时机(Understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete)
      条款51:编写new和delete时需固守常规(Adhere to convention when writing new and delete)
      条款52:写了placement new也要写placement delete(Write placement delete if you write placement new)
    9. 杂项讨论(Miscellany)
      条款53:不要轻忽编译器的警告(Pay attention to compiler warnings)
      条款54:让自己熟悉包括tr1在内的标准程序库(Familiarize yourself with the standard library, including tr1)
      条款55:让自己熟悉boost(Familiarize yourself with boost)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lizhenghn/p/3644668.html
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