本文将使用Python(pika 0.9.8)实现从Producer到Consumer传递数据”Hello, World“。
首先复习一下上篇所学:RabbitMQ实现了AMQP定义的消息队列。它实现的功能”非常简单“:从Producer接收数据然后传递到Consumer。它能保证多并发,数据安全传递,可扩展。
和任何的Hello world一样,它们都不复杂。我们将会设计两个程序,一个发送Hello world,另一个接收这个数据并且打印到屏幕。
整体的设计如下图:
1. 环境配置
RabbitMQ 实现了AMQP。因此,我们需要安装AMPQ的library。幸运的是对于多种编程语言都有实现。我们可以使用以下lib的任何一个:
在这里我们将使用pika. 可以通过 pip 包管理工具来安装:
这个安装依赖于pip和git-core。
- On Ubuntu:
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip git-core
- On Debian:
$ sudo apt-get install python-setuptools git-core $ sudo easy_install pip
- On Windows:To install easy_install, run the MS Windows Installer for setuptools
> easy_install pip > pip install pika==0.9.8
2. Sending
第一个program send.py:发送Hello world 到queue。正如我们在上篇文章提到的,你程序的第一句话就是建立连接,第二句话就是创建channel:
创建连接传入的参数就是RabbitMQ Server的ip或者name。
关于谁创建queue,上篇文章也讨论过:Producer和Consumer都应该去创建。
接下来我们创建名字为hello的queue:
创建了channel,我们可以通过相应的命令来list queue:
- $ sudo rabbitmqctl list_queues
- Listing queues ...
- hello 0
- ...done.
$ sudo rabbitmqctl list_queues Listing queues ... hello 0 ...done.
现在我们已经准备好了发送了。
从架构图可以看出,Producer只能发送到exchange,它是不能直接发送到queue的。现在我们使用默认的exchange(名字是空字符)。这个默认的exchange允许我们发送给指定的queue。routing_key就是指定的queue名字。
- channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
- routing_key='hello',
- body='Hello World!')
- print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body='Hello World!') print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
退出前别忘了关闭connection。
- connection.close()
connection.close()
3. Receiving
第二个program receive.py 将从queue中获取Message并且打印到屏幕。
第一步还是创建connection。第二步创建channel。第三步创建queue,name = hello:
- channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
接下来要subscribe了。在这之前,需要声明一个回调函数来处理接收到的数据。
- def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
- print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
subscribe:
- channel.basic_consume(callback,
- queue='hello',
- no_ack=True)
channel.basic_consume(callback, queue='hello', no_ack=True)
最后,准备好无限循环监听吧:
- print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'
- channel.start_consuming()
print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C' channel.start_consuming()
4. 最终版本
send.py:
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- import pika
- connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
- host='localhost'))
- channel = connection.channel()
- channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
- channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
- routing_key='hello',
- body='Hello World!')
- print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
- connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body='Hello World!') print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'" connection.close()
receive.py:
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- import pika
- connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
- host='localhost'))
- channel = connection.channel()
- channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
- print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'
- def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
- print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
- channel.basic_consume(callback,
- queue='hello',
- no_ack=True)
- channel.start_consuming()
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C' def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print " [x] Received %r" % (body,) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue='hello', no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming()
5. 最终运行
先运行 send.py program:
- $ python send.py
- [x] Sent 'Hello World!'
$ python send.py [x] Sent 'Hello World!'
send.py 每次运行完都会停止。注意:现在数据已经存到queue里了。接收它:
- $ python receive.py
- [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
- [x] Received 'Hello World!'
$ python receive.py [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C [x] Received 'Hello World!'
接下来,就要奉上更接近实际环境的例子。取决与我的课余时间啊。。。
转载自: anzhsoft: http://blog.csdn.net/anzhsoft/article/details/19570187
参考文献:
1. http://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-one-python.html