• C++Primer第五版 练习8.6答案详解


    重写7.1.1节书店程序(第299页),从文件中读取一个交易记录。将文件名作为一个参数传递给main

    • 本题所需源文件如下:

    • Sales_data.h文件:

    #pragma once
    
    #include<iostream>
    #include<string>
    using namespace std;
    
    class Sales_data
    {
        friend std::istream & operator >>(std::istream&, Sales_data&);
        friend std::ostream & operator <<(std::ostream&, const Sales_data&);
        friend bool operator <(const Sales_data&, const Sales_data&);
        friend bool operator ==(const Sales_data&, const Sales_data&);
    
    public:
        Sales_data() = default;
        Sales_data(const std::string &book) : bookNo(book) {};
        Sales_data(std::istream &is) { is >> *this; }
        //    Sales_data();
        //    ~Sales_data();
    public:
        Sales_data&operator +=(const Sales_data&);
        string isbn()const { return bookNo; }
    private:
        std::string bookNo;
        unsigned units_sold = 0;
        double sellingprice = 0.0;
        double saleprice = 0.0;
        double discount = 0.0;
    };
    
    inline bool compareIsbn(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
    {
        return lhs.isbn() == rhs.isbn();
    }
    inline bool operator ==(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
    {
        return lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold && lhs.sellingprice == rhs.sellingprice && lhs.saleprice == rhs.sellingprice && lhs.isbn() == rhs.isbn();
    
    }
    inline bool operator !=(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
    {
        return !(lhs == rhs);
    }
    • Sales_data.cpp文件:

    #include "Sales_data.h"
    
    
    Sales_data operator+(const Sales_data&, const Sales_data&);
    
    
    Sales_data& Sales_data::operator+=(const Sales_data&rhs)
    {
        units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
        saleprice = (rhs.saleprice*rhs.units_sold + saleprice*units_sold) / (rhs.units_sold + units_sold);
        if (sellingprice != 0)
            discount = saleprice / sellingprice;
        return *this;
    }
    
    Sales_data operator + (const Sales_data& lhs, const Sales_data& rhs)
    {
        Sales_data ret(lhs);
        ret += rhs;
        return ret;
    }
    
    std::istream& operator >>(std::istream& in, Sales_data& s)
    {
        in >> s.bookNo >> s.units_sold >> s.sellingprice >> s.saleprice;
        if (in&&s.saleprice != 0)
            s.discount = s.saleprice / s.sellingprice;
        else
            s = Sales_data();
        return in;
    }
    
    std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, const Sales_data& s)
    {
        out << s.isbn() << " " << s.units_sold << " " << s.sellingprice << " " << s.saleprice << " " << s.discount;
        return out;
    }
    • 主函数文件:

    #include<iostream>
    #include<fstream>
    #include"Sales_data.h"
    
    using namespace std;
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    
        if (argc != 2)
        {
            cerr << "请给出文件名" << endl;
            return -1;
        }
    
        ifstream in(argv[1]);
        if (!in)
        {
            cerr << "无法打开输入文件" << endl;
            return -1;
        }
    
    
        cout << "请输入交易记录(ISBN、销售量、原价、实际售价):" << endl;
        Sales_data total;
        if (in>>total)
        {
            Sales_data trans;
            while (in >> trans)
            {
                if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
                    total += trans;
                else
                {
                    cout << total << endl;
                    total = trans;
                }
            }
            cout << total << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cerr << "No data?!" << endl;
            return -1;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    • 存放交易记录的文件设置:

      将存放交易记录的文件放置于 .cpp同级目录下,如下图:

      交易记录格式如下图所示:

    • 基于VS从命令行获取参数的设置方法:

      命令行参数的设置方式按照下图所示步骤进行:

      (1)鼠标右键->属性

      (2)参照下图设置命令行

    • 程序运行结果如下:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lixuejian/p/10822772.html
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