林炳文Evankaka原创作品。转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/evankaka
服务器端的数据验证,对于一个WEB应用来说是非常重要的,而spring从3.0开始支持JSR-303规范,它定义了一些标准的验证约束,同时也提供了一个可扩展的自定义方式来满足不同的开发需要,大象以SSM3为基础,结合实例来说明如何通过Spring MVC用自定义约束注解的方式来实现Validator验证。
validation-api是JSR-303规范的标准接口,hibernate-validator则是这套接口的一个实现,而hibernate-validator的实现里面又会用到slf4j,所以还需要加上这两个jar包。有了这些,我们就可以在此基础上实现自定义注解约束扩展了。
一、在eclipse创建web项目
整个工程目录如下:
导入包
2、创建User类
并标注注解
其中@Length、@Email就是 Hibernate-validator中的数据校验注解,还可以用 javax.validation中的注解,比如@NotNull
- package com.mucfc.model;
- import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
- import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;
- import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
- /**
- *用户格式验证类
- *@author linbingwen
- *@2015年5月17日15:45:27
- */
- public class User {
- @NotEmpty(message="用户名不能为空")
- private String userName;
- @NotEmpty(message="密码不能为空")
- @Length(min=6,max=16,message="密码长度不正确,得在6-16之间")
- private String userPassword;
- @NotEmpty(message="邮箱不能为空")
- @Email(message="邮箱格式不正确")
- private String userEmail;
- public String getUserName() {
- return userName;
- }
- public void setUserName(String userName) {
- this.userName = userName;
- }
- public String getUserPassword() {
- return userPassword;
- }
- public void setUserPassword(String userPassword) {
- this.userPassword = userPassword;
- }
- public String getUserEmail() {
- return userEmail;
- }
- public void setUserEmail(String userEmail) {
- this.userEmail = userEmail;
- }
- }
3、web.xml中配置控制器
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
- id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
- <!-- SpringMVC的前端控制器 -->
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>MyDispatcher</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <!-- 加载配置文件路径 -->
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <!-- 何时启动 大于0的值表示容器启动时初始化此servlet,正值越小优先级越高 -->
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <!-- Spring MVC配置文件结束 -->
- <!-- SpringMVC拦截设置 -->
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>MyDispatcher</servlet-name>
- <!-- 由SpringMVC拦截所有请求 -->
- <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <!-- SpringMVC拦截设置结束 -->
- <!--解决中文乱码问题 -->
- <filter>
- <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>encoding</param-name>
- <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- </web-app>
4、控制器配置文件
在Spring MVC配置文件中添加配置:
添加以下mvc的注解驱动配置,一切变成“自动化”
<mvc:annotation-driven />
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
- <mvc:annotation-driven/>
- <!-- 把标记了@Controller注解的类转换为bean -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.mucfc" />
- <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,即在模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
- p:prefix="/WEB-INF/views/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
- </beans>
5、注解Controller的类
首先,要在需要进行校验的Bean前面加上@Valid注解,告诉SpringMVC框架这个Bean需要进行校验;同时,还要在需要校验的Bean前面加上@ModelAttribute注解,从而将Bean暴露给视图,并且指定名字,这有两个作用,第一是显示校验错误需要使用这个名字,第二个是返回原来的页面以后,前面输入的所有值还要显示出来;
其次,每个需要校验的Bean后面紧跟一个BindingResult,SpringMVC框架会将校验结果保存在它里面,通过hasErrors方法可以判断是否有校验错误;
最后,当返回到原页面以后,SpringMVC框架还会将所有校验错误信息保存在上下文中,供页面上取得校验错误,Spring提供了一套JSP自定义标签。
- package com.mucfc.controller;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.validation.Valid;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.ui.Model;
- import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import com.mucfc.model.User;
- @Controller
- public class UserControllers {
- @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
- public String registerCheck(Model model, @Valid @ModelAttribute("user")User user,
- BindingResult result) {
- if (result.hasErrors())
- return "register";
- else{
- model.addAttribute("userName", user.getUserName());
- return "forward:/success";
- }
- }
- @ModelAttribute("user")
- public User getUser(){
- User user=new User();
- return user;
- }
- @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = {RequestMethod.GET})
- public String register() {
- return "register";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value = "/success")
- public String success(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
- String str=(String)request.getAttribute("userName");
- if(str==null||str.equals("")){
- return "redirect:/register";
- }
- return "success";
- }
- }
6、WEB-INF新建文件夹
(1)首先是用户数据输入register.jsp
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
- pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
- + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
- + path + "/";
- %>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>用户信息注册页面</title>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>">
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
- </head>
- <body>
- <center>
- <h1>注册新用户</h1>
- <form:form action="register" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
- <form:errors path="*"></form:errors><br/><br/>
- <tr>
- <td><form:label path="userName">用户名:</form:label></td>
- <td><form:input path="userName"/></td><br/>
- <td><form:errors path="userName"/></td><br/>
- </tr><br/>
- <tr>
- <td><form:label path="userPassword">密 码: </form:label></td>
- <td><form:password path="userPassword"/></td><br/>
- <td><form:errors path="userPassword"/></td><br/>
- </tr><br/>
- <tr>
- <td><form:label path="userEmail">邮 箱: </form:label></td>
- <td><form:input path="userEmail"/></td><br/>
- <td><form:errors path="userEmail"/></td><br/>
- </tr><br/>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="3"><input type="submit" value="提交"></td>
- <td colspan="3"><input type="reset" value="重置"></td>
- </tr>
- </form:form>
- </center>
- </body>
- </html>
这里用了SpringMVC的form表单,自动将输入和User注解格式类关联起来,当你输入正确的格式后,才会跳转到其它也页面,否则会要本页面报错误
在JSP页面上显示校验错误信息:
页面头部需要导入Spring的自定义标签库:
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
需要一次性显示全部校验错误:
(commandName的值就是@ModelAttribute注解中指定的值)
<form:form commandName="userDetail">
<form:errors path="*" cssStyle="color:red"></form:errors>
</form:form>
需要在对应输入框的后面显示单个校验错误:
(通过path指定显示那个具体的校验错误,userDetail正是@ModelAttribute注解中指定的值,点后面的是指定显示Bean中哪个属性的校验错误)
<input type="text" name="userName" value="${userDetail.userName}" >
<form:errors path="userDetail.userName" cssStyle="color:red"></form:errors>
<input type="text" name="email" value="${userDetail.email}">
<form:errors path="userDetail.email" cssStyle="color:red"></form:errors>
(2)用户注册信息正确提交后success.jsp
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
- + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
- + path + "/";
- %>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>用户信息注册页面</title>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>">
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- </head>
- <body>
- <center>
- <h1>用户注册成功</h1><br/>
- 欢迎新用户:${userName}
- </center>
- </body>
- </html>
7、运行后看看结果
浏览器中输入:http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCLearningChapter3/register
进入注册页面
如果什么都不写直接提交,会报出如下错误
密码和邮箱格式出错
如果 数据格式都正确,刚会出现如下内容
二、注解说明
最后,再加一些注解说明
林炳文Evankaka原创作品。转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/evankaka