一 介绍
selenium最初是一个自动化测试工具,而爬虫中使用它主要是为了解决requests无法直接执行JavaScript代码的问题
selenium本质是通过驱动浏览器，完全模拟浏览器的操作，比如跳转、输入、点击、下拉等，来拿到网页渲染之后的结果，可支持多种浏览器
from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser=webdriver.Firefox()
browser=webdriver.PhantomJS()
browser=webdriver.Safari()
browser=webdriver.Edge()
官网：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io
二 安装
#安装：selenium+chromedriver
pip3 install selenium
下载chromdriver.exe放到python安装路径的scripts目录中即可，注意最新版本是2.29，并非2.9
国内镜像网站地址：http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/2.29/
最新的版本去官网找:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
#验证安装
C:UsersAdministrator>python3
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver=webdriver.Chrome() #弹出浏览器
>>> driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
>>> driver.page_source
#注意：
selenium3默认支持的webdriver是Firfox，而Firefox需要安装geckodriver
下载链接：https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
#安装：selenium+phantomjs
pip3 install selenium
下载phantomjs，解压后把phantomjs.exe所在的bin目录放到环境变量
下载链接：http://phantomjs.org/download.html
#验证安装
C:UsersAdministrator>phantomjs
phantomjs> console.log('egon gaga')
egon gaga
undefined
phantomjs> ^C
C:UsersAdministrator>python3
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver=webdriver.PhantomJS() #无界面浏览器
>>> driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
>>> driver.page_source
三 基本使用
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
try:
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input_tag.send_keys('美女') #python2中输入中文错误，字符串前加个u
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #输入回车
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left'))) #等到id为content_left的元素加载完毕,最多等10秒
print(browser.page_source)
print(browser.current_url)
print(browser.get_cookies())
finally:
browser.close()
四 选择器
一 基本用法
#官网链接：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
import time
driver=webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
wait=WebDriverWait(driver,10)
try:
#===============所有方法===================
# 1、find_element_by_id
# 2、find_element_by_link_text
# 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text
# 4、find_element_by_tag_name
# 5、find_element_by_class_name
# 6、find_element_by_name
# 7、find_element_by_css_selector
# 8、find_element_by_xpath
# 强调：
# 1、上述均可以改写成find_element(By.ID,'kw')的形式
# 2、find_elements_by_xxx的形式是查找到多个元素，结果为列表
#===============示范用法===================
# 1、find_element_by_id
print(driver.find_element_by_id('kw'))
# 2、find_element_by_link_text
# login=driver.find_element_by_link_text('登录')
# login.click()
# 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text
login=driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text('录')[0]
login.click()
# 4、find_element_by_tag_name
print(driver.find_element_by_tag_name('a'))
# 5、find_element_by_class_name
button=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME,'tang-pass-footerBarULogin')))
button.click()
# 6、find_element_by_name
input_user=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'userName')))
input_pwd=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'password')))
commit=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,'TANGRAM__PSP_10__submit')))
input_user.send_keys('18611453110')
input_pwd.send_keys('lhf@094573')
commit.click()
# 7、find_element_by_css_selector
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw')
# 8、find_element_by_xpath
time.sleep(5)
finally:
driver.close()
二 xpath
#官网链接：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
import time
driver=webdriver.PhantomJS()
driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html')
# wait=WebDriverWait(driver,3)
driver.implicitly_wait(3) #使用隐式等待
try:
# find_element_by_xpath
#//与/
# driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body/a') # 开头的//代表从整篇文档中寻找,body之后的/代表body的儿子，这一行找不到就会报错了
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body//a') # 开头的//代表从整篇文档中寻找,body之后的//代表body的子子孙孙
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body a')
#取第n个
res1=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//body//a[1]') #取第一个a标签
print(res1[0].text)
#按照属性查找,下述三者查找效果一样
res1=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[5]')
res2=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@href="image5.html"]')
res3=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[contains(@href,"image5")]') #模糊查找
print('==>', res1.text)
print('==>',res2.text)
print('==>',res3.text)
#其他
res1=driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div/a')
print(res1.text)
res2=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[img/@src="image3_thumb.jpg"]') #找到子标签img的src属性为image3_thumb.jpg的a标签
print(res2.tag_name,res2.text)
res3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']") #查看属性name为continue且属性type为button的input标签
res4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@name='continue'][@type='button']") #查看属性name为continue且属性type为button的所有标签
time.sleep(5)
finally:
driver.close()
三 获取标签属性
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/')
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer')))
tag=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer img')
#获取标签属性，
print(tag.get_attribute('src'))
#获取标签ID，位置，名称，大小（了解）
print(tag.id)
print(tag.location)
print(tag.tag_name)
print(tag.size)
browser.close()
# from selenium import webdriver # from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains # from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR # from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作 # from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素 # import time # # driver=webdriver.Chrome() # driver.get('https://www.baidu.com') # # wait=WebDriverWait(driver,10) # driver.implicitly_wait(3) # # try: # #===============所有方法=================== # # 1、find_element_by_id # # 2、find_element_by_link_text # # 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text # # 4、find_element_by_tag_name # # 5、find_element_by_class_name # # 6、find_element_by_name # # # 7、find_element_by_css_selector # # 8、find_element_by_xpath # # # wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'kw'))) # # input_tag=driver.find_element_by_id('kw') # # input_tag.send_keys('alex大宝贝') # # input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) # # # login_tag=driver.find_element_by_link_text("登录") # login_tag=driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("录") # login_tag.click() # # # login_tag=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME,'tang-pass-footerBarULogin'))) # login_tag=driver.find_element_by_class_name('tang-pass-footerBarULogin') # login_tag.click() # # input_user=driver.find_element_by_name('userName') # input_pwd=driver.find_element_by_name('password') # button=driver.find_element_by_id('TANGRAM__PSP_10__submit') # # input_user.send_keys('xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') # input_pwd.send_keys('pppppppppppp') # button.click() # # time.sleep(5) # finally: # driver.close() from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素 import time driver=webdriver.Chrome() driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html') driver.implicitly_wait(3) try: # tag=driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME,'body') # print(tag) # tags=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//a') # print(tags[1].get_attribute('href')) # print(tags[1].tag_name) # print(tags[1].text) # tags=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//div/a') # tags=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//div//img') # print(tags[3].get_attribute('src')) # tags=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div/a[3]') # print(tags.get_attribute('href')) # //*[@id = "images"]/a[4]/img # tag=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id = "images"]/a[4]/img') # # print(tag.get_attribute('src')) # print(tag) # tag=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@href="image3.html"]') # tags=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//a[contains(@href,"image")]') # for tag in tags: # print(tag.get_attribute('href')) # tag=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[img/@src="image1_thumb.jpg"]') # print(tag.tag_name,tag.get_attribute('href')) # tag=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[img/@src="image1_thumb.jpg"]') # print(tag) # print(tag.location) # print(tag.size) time.sleep(5) finally: driver.close()
五 等待元素被加载
#1、selenium只是模拟浏览器的行为，而浏览器解析页面是需要时间的（执行css，js），一些元素可能需要过一段时间才能加载出来，为了保证能查找到元素，必须等待
#2、等待的方式分两种：
隐式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）前就设置，针对所有元素有效
显式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）之后设置，只针对某个元素有效
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
#隐式等待:在查找所有元素时，如果尚未被加载，则等10秒
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input_tag.send_keys('美女')
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
contents=browser.find_element_by_id('content_left') #没有等待环节而直接查找，找不到则会报错
print(contents)
browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input_tag.send_keys('美女')
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
#显式等待：显式地等待某个元素被加载
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left')))
contents=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#content_left')
print(contents)
browser.close()
六 元素交互操作
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/')
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
input_tag=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'twotabsearchtextbox')))
input_tag.send_keys('iphone 8')
button=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')
button.click()
import time
time.sleep(3)
input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('twotabsearchtextbox')
input_tag.clear() #清空输入框
input_tag.send_keys('iphone7plus')
button=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')
button.click()
# browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By # 按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # 键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait # 等待页面加载某些元素
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
wait=WebDriverWait(driver,3)
# driver.implicitly_wait(3) # 使用隐式等待
try:
driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') ##切换到iframeResult
sourse=driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')
target=driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')
#方式一：基于同一个动作链串行执行
# actions=ActionChains(driver) #拿到动作链对象
# actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) #把动作放到动作链中，准备串行执行
# actions.perform()
#方式二：不同的动作链，每次移动的位移都不同
ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
distance=target.location['x']-sourse.location['x']
track=0
while track < distance:
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform()
track+=2
ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
time.sleep(10)
finally:
driver.close()
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
try:
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('alert("hello world")') #打印警告
finally:
browser.close()
#frame相当于一个单独的网页，在父frame里是无法直接查看到子frame的元素的，必须switch_to_frame切到该frame下，才能进一步查找
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
try:
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') #切换到id为iframeResult的frame
tag1=browser.find_element_by_id('droppable')
print(tag1)
# tag2=browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode') #报错，在子frame里无法查看到父frame的元素
browser.switch_to.parent_frame() #切回父frame,就可以查找到了
tag2=browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode')
print(tag2)
finally:
browser.close()
# from selenium import webdriver # from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains # from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR # from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作 # from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素 # import time # # driver=webdriver.Chrome() # driver.get('https://www.tmall.com/') # driver.implicitly_wait(3) # # try: # input_tag=driver.find_element_by_id('mq') # input_tag.send_keys('情趣用品') # input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) # # time.sleep(3) # input_tag=driver.find_element_by_id('mq') # input_tag.clear() # input_tag.send_keys('alex大宝贝') # input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) # # # time.sleep(5) # finally: # driver.close() # from selenium import webdriver # from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains # from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR # from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作 # from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素 # import time # # driver=webdriver.Chrome() # # driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable') # driver.get('http://www.baidu.com') # driver.implicitly_wait(3) # # try: # # driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') # # driver.switch_to.parent_frame() # # # source=driver.find_element_by_id('draggable') # # target=driver.find_element_by_id('droppable') # # print(source,target) # # #方式一： # # actions=ActionChains(driver) # # actions.drag_and_drop(source,target) # # actions.perform() # # #方式二： # # distance=target.location['x']-source.location['x'] # # ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(source).perform() # # # # print(distance) # # s=0 # # while s < distance: # # print(s) # # ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform() # # s+=2 # # ActionChains(driver).release().perform() # # # # driver.execute_script('alert("xxxxxxxxx")') # time.sleep(6) # finally: # driver.close() # # import time # from selenium import webdriver # # browser=webdriver.Chrome() # browser.get('https://www.baidu.com') # browser.get('https://www.taobao.com') # browser.get('http://www.python.org/') # # browser.back() # print(browser.get_cookie()) # time.sleep(3) # browser.forward() # browser.close() #选项卡管理：切换选项卡，有js的方式windows.open,有windows快捷键：ctrl+t等，最通用的就是js的方式 import time from selenium import webdriver browser=webdriver.Chrome() browser.get('https://www.baidu.com') browser.execute_script('window.open()') print(browser.window_handles) #获取所有的选项卡 browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1]) browser.get('https://www.taobao.com') time.sleep(5) browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0]) browser.get('https://www.python.org') browser.close()
七 其他
#模拟浏览器的前进后退
import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
browser.get('http://www.sina.com.cn/')
browser.back()
time.sleep(10)
browser.forward()
browser.close()
#cookies
from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.add_cookie({'k1':'xxx','k2':'yyy'})
print(browser.get_cookies())
# browser.delete_all_cookies()
#选项卡管理：切换选项卡，有js的方式windows.open,有windows快捷键：ctrl+t等，最通用的就是js的方式
import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('window.open()')
print(browser.window_handles) #获取所有的选项卡
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(10)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn')
browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException,NoSuchElementException,NoSuchFrameException
try:
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
browser.switch_to.frame('iframssseResult')
except TimeoutException as e:
print(e)
except NoSuchFrameException as e:
print(e)
finally:
browser.close()
八 项目练习
#注意：网站都策略都是在不断变化的，精髓在于学习流程。下述代码生效与2017-11-7，不能保证永久有效
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
try:
browser.get('http://mail.163.com/')
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,5)
frame=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'x-URS-iframe')))
browser.switch_to.frame(frame)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.m-container')))
inp_user=browser.find_element_by_name('email')
inp_pwd=browser.find_element_by_name('password')
button=browser.find_element_by_id('dologin')
inp_user.send_keys('18611453110')
inp_pwd.send_keys('xxxx')
button.click()
#如果遇到验证码，可以把下面一小段打开注释
# import time
# time.sleep(10)
# button = browser.find_element_by_id('dologin')
# button.click()
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'dvNavTop')))
write_msg=browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#dvNavTop li')[1] #获取第二个li标签就是“写信”了
write_msg.click()
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'tH0')))
recv_man=browser.find_element_by_class_name('nui-editableAddr-ipt')
title=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.dG0 .nui-ipt-input')
recv_man.send_keys('378533872@qq.com')
title.send_keys('圣旨')
print(title.tag_name)
frame=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'APP-editor-iframe')))
browser.switch_to.frame(frame)
body=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'body')
body.send_keys('egon很帅，可以加工资了')
browser.switch_to.parent_frame() #切回他爹
send_button=browser.find_element_by_class_name('nui-toolbar-item')
send_button.click()
#可以睡时间久一点别让浏览器关掉，看看发送成功没有
import time
time.sleep(10000)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
import time
def get_goods(driver):
try:
goods=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')
for good in goods:
detail_url=good.find_element_by_tag_name('a').get_attribute('href')
p_name=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name em').text.replace('
','')
price=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-price i').text
p_commit=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-commit a').text
msg = '''
商品 : %s
链接 : %s
价钱 ：%s
评论 ：%s
''' % (p_name,detail_url,price,p_commit)
print(msg,end='
')
button=driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('下一页')
button.click()
time.sleep(1)
get_goods(driver)
except Exception:
pass
def spider(url,keyword):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
driver.implicitly_wait(3) # 使用隐式等待
try:
input_tag=driver.find_element_by_id('key')
input_tag.send_keys(keyword)
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
get_goods(driver)
finally:
driver.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
spider('https://www.jd.com/',keyword='iPhone8手机')
作业：
爬取亚马逊iphone手机的商品信息
爬取天猫python书籍的商品信息
爬取京东小米手机的商品信息