上传文件在一个系统当中是一个很常用的功能,也是一个比较重要的功能。今天我们就一起来学习一下Struts2如何上传文件。
今天讲的上传文件的方式有三种:
1,以字节为单位传输文件;
2,Struts2封装的一种方式;
3,以字符的方式传输文件。
其实这三种方式都差不多,都是将文件先从客户端一临时文件的形式,传输到服务器的临时文件夹下,然后在将该临时文件复制到我们要上传的目录。另外,有一个需要注意,就是上传过程中产生的这些临时文件,Struts2不会自动清理,所以我们需要手动清理临时文件,这一个下面的代码中有提到。
用Action来完成我们上传的核心功能:
package com.action; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.util.Map; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class UploadAction extends ActionSupport { private File upload; private String uploadFileName; private String uploadContentType; private long maximumSize; private String allowedTypes; public File getUpload() { return upload; } public void setUpload(File upload) { this.upload = upload; } public String getUploadFileName() { return uploadFileName; } public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) { this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; } public String getUploadContentType() { return uploadContentType; } public void setUploadContentType(String uploadContentType) { this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType; } public long getMaximumSize() { return maximumSize; } public void setMaximumSize(long maximumSize) { this.maximumSize = maximumSize; } public String getAllowedTypes() { return allowedTypes; } public void setAllowedTypes(String allowedTypes) { this.allowedTypes = allowedTypes; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { File uploadFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("upload")); if(!uploadFile.exists()) { uploadFile.mkdir(); } //验证文件大小及格式 if (maximumSize < upload.length()) { return "error"; } boolean flag =false; String[] allowedTypesStr = allowedTypes.split(","); for (int i = 0; i < allowedTypesStr.length; i++) { if (uploadContentType.equals(allowedTypesStr[i])) { flag = true; } } if (flag == false) { Map request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request"); request.put("errorMassage", "文件类型不合法!"); System.out.println(request.toString()); return "error"; } //第一种上传方式 // FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(upload); // FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(uploadFile +"//"+ uploadFileName); // try { // byte[] b =new byte[1024]; // int i = 0; // while ((i=input.read(b))>0) { // out.write(b, 0, i); // } // } catch (Exception e) { // e.printStackTrace(); // } finally { // //关闭输入、输出流 // input.close(); // out.close(); // //删除临时文件 // upload.delete(); // } //第二种上传方式 // FileUtils.copyFile(upload, new File(uploadFile+"\"+uploadFileName)); // //删除临时文件 // upload.delete(); //第三种上传方式 BufferedReader bReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(upload))); BufferedWriter bWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(uploadFile+"\"+ uploadFileName))); try { char [] c =new char[1024]; int i = 0; while ((i = bReader.read(c)) > 0) { bWriter.write(c, 0, i); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { bReader.close(); bWriter.close(); //删除临时文件 upload.delete(); } return "success"; } }
在Struts.xml文件中配置我们的Action:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.action.extension" value=","></constant> <!-- 上传文件最大限制(如果为多文件上传,则为多个文件的总大小) --> <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="40000000"></constant> <!-- 存放上传文件的临时目录 --> <constant name="struts.multipart.saveDir" value="D:\temp"></constant> <package name="upload" namespace="/file" extends="struts-default"> <action name="upLoad" class="com.action.UploadAction"> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="error" >/error.jsp</result> <result name = "input" type ="redirect">/index.jsp</result> <param name="maximumSize ">1000000</param> <param name="allowedTypes">application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document,text/plain</param> <!--用struts拦截器限制上传文件大小及类型 <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"> 单个文件的大小 <param name="maximumSize ">1000000</param> <param name="allowedTypes">application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document,text/plain</param> </interceptor-ref> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref> --> </action> </package> </struts>
文件上传的页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>上传文件</title> </head> <body> <!-- enctype="multipart/form-data"不对字符编码。在使用包含文件上传控件的表单时,必须使用该值。 --> <form action="file/upLoad" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input name="upload" type="file"> <input name="btnUpload" type="submit" value="上传"> </form> </body> </html>
上传文件之前,通常要判断一下文件的大小及类型,上面有两种方式来验证,一种是在Action里验证,一种是通过Struts2的拦截器验证。两者选其一,选择一个把另一个注释掉即可。
另外,还有一个需要注意:上传文件页面中form的enctype属性值,一定要设置成"multipart/form-data",否则就会出错。
OK,今天上传文件就向大家介绍到这里,我们下篇博客再见!