RMI:远程方法调用(Remote Method Invocation)
扩展:RPC与RMI的区别
1:方法调用方式不同:
RMI中是通过在客户端的Stub对象作为远程接口进行远程方法的调用。每个远程方法都具有方法签名。如果一个方法在服务器上执行,但是没有相匹配的签名被添加到这个远程接口(stub)上,那么这个新方法就不能被RMI客户方所调用。
RPC中是通过网络服务协议向远程主机发送请求,请求包含了一个参数集和一个文本值,通常形成“classname.methodname(参数集)”的形式。RPC远程主机就去搜索与之相匹配的类和方法,找到后就执行方法并把结果编码,通过网络协议发回。
2:适用语言范围不同:
RMI只用于Java;
RPC是网络服务协议,与操作系统和语言无关。
3:调用结果的返回形式不同:
Java是面向对象的,所以RMI的调用结果可以是对象类型或者基本数据类型;
RMI的结果统一由外部数据表示 (External Data Representation, XDR) 语言表示,这种语言抽象了字节序类和数据类型结构之间的差异。
RMI代码示例:
Config.java
package shenzhou;
public class Client {
private String name;
private String hostURL;
private String obj;
public Client(String name){
this.name = name;
hostURL = "rmi://" + Config.SERVER_IP + ":" + Config.PORT + "/";
this.obj = Config.OBJECT_NAME;
}
public void callRMethod(){
try{
RMethod rm = (RMethod) java.rmi.Naming.lookup(hostURL + obj);
String result = rm.sayHello(name);
System.out.println(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Client c1 = new Client("Monica");
c1.callRMethod();
Client c2 = new Client("Joy");
c2.callRMethod();
Client c3 = new Client("Ross");
c3.callRMethod();
Client c4 = new Client("Chandler");
c4.callRMethod();
}
}
RMethod.java
package shenzhou;
import java.rmi.Remote;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
public interface RMethod extends Remote {
String sayHello(String name) throws RemoteException;
}
RMethodImpl.java
package shenzhou;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;
public class RMethodImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements RMethod {
protected RMethodImpl() throws RemoteException {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public String sayHello(String name) throws RemoteException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("Client-" + name + ": invoking " sayHello "");
return "Hello " + name + " this is a message from Remote Method";
}
}
Client.java
package shenzhou;
public class Client {
private String name;
private String hostURL;
private String obj;
public Client(String name){
this.name = name;
hostURL = "rmi://" + Config.SERVER_IP + ":" + Config.PORT + "/";
this.obj = Config.OBJECT_NAME;
}
public void callRMethod(){
try{
RMethod rm = (RMethod) java.rmi.Naming.lookup(hostURL + obj);
String result = rm.sayHello(name);
System.out.println(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Client c1 = new Client("Monica");
c1.callRMethod();
Client c2 = new Client("Joy");
c2.callRMethod();
Client c3 = new Client("Ross");
c3.callRMethod();
Client c4 = new Client("Chandler");
c4.callRMethod();
}
}
Server.java
package shenzhou;
import java.rmi.RMISecurityManager;
import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Server();
}
public Server() {
if (null == System.getSecurityManager()) {
System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager());
}
try {
try {
LocateRegistry.createRegistry(Config.PORT);
} catch (java.rmi.server.ExportException ex) {
System.out.println("Register the port failed: " + ex.getMessage());
}
RMethod rm = new RMethodImpl();
String objAddr = "rmi://" + Config.SERVER_IP
+ ":" + Config.PORT
+ "/" + Config.OBJECT_NAME;
java.rmi.Naming.rebind(objAddr, rm);
System.out.println("Server is running...");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server startup failed!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
小结:Server端:rebind 绑定(url + 调用对象);
Client端:lookup 根据 url 获取远程调用
作用:使用本地方法一样调用远程方法