APK为AndroidPackage的缩写
Android应用安装有如下四种方式：
1.系统应用安装――开机时完成，没有安装界面
2.网络下载应用安装――通过market应用完成，没有安装界面
3.ADB工具安装――没有安装界面。
4.第三方应用安装――通过SD卡里的APK文件安装，有安装界面，由 packageinstaller.apk 应用处理安装及卸载。
-------------------------------------应用安装涉及到如下几个目录：
system/app ---------------系统自带的应用程序，获得adb root权限才能删除
data/app ---------------用户程序安装的目录。用户 安装时把apk文件 复制 到此目录
data/data ---------------存放应用程序的数据
data/dalvik-cache--------将apk中的dex文件安装到dalvik-cache目录下(dex文件是dalvik虚拟机的可执行文件,其大小约为原始apk文件大小的四分之一)
安装过程：
复制APK安装包到data/app目录下，解压并扫描安装包，把dex文件(Dalvik字节码)保存到dalvik-cache目录，并data/data目录下创建对应的应用数据目录。
卸载过程：
删除 安装过程中在上述三个目录下创建的文件及目录。
-------------------------
安装应用的过程解析
一.开机安装
PackageManagerService处理各种 应用的安装，卸载，管理等工作，开机时 由systemServer启动此服务
(源文件路径：android\frameworks\base\services\java\com\android\server\PackageManagerService.java)
PackageManagerService服务 启动的流程：
1.首先 扫描安装“system\framework”目录下的jar包
// Find base frameworks (resource packages without code).
mFrameworkInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(
mFrameworkDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, true);
mFrameworkInstallObserver.startWatching();
scanDirLI(mFrameworkDir, PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
| PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR,
scanMode | SCAN_NO_DEX, 0);
2.扫描 安装系统system/app的应用程序
// Collect all system packages.
mSystemAppDir = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "app");
mSystemInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(
mSystemAppDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, true);
mSystemInstallObserver.startWatching();
scanDirLI(mSystemAppDir, PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
| PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR, scanMode, 0);
3.制造商的目录下/vendor/app应用包
// Collect all vendor packages.
mVendorAppDir = new File("/vendor/app");
mVendorInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(
mVendorAppDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, true);
mVendorInstallObserver.startWatching();
scanDirLI(mVendorAppDir, PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
| PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR, scanMode, 0);
4.扫描“data\app”目录，即用户安装的第三方应用
scanDirLI(mAppInstallDir, 0, scanMode, 0);
5.扫描" data\app-private"目录，即安装DRM保护的APK文件（一个受保护的歌曲或受保 护的视频是使用 DRM 保护的文件）
scanDirLI(mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir, PackageParser.PARSE_FORWARD_LOCK,
scanMode, 0);
扫描方法的代码清单
private void scanDirLI(File dir, int flags, int scanMode, long currentTime) {
String[] files = dir.list();
if (files == null) {
Log.d(TAG, "No files in app dir " + dir);
return;
}
if (false) {
Log.d(TAG, "Scanning app dir " + dir);
}
int i;
for (i=0; i<files.length; i++) {
File file = new File(dir, files[i]);
if (!isPackageFilename(files[i])) {
// Ignore entries which are not apk's
continue;
}
PackageParser.Package pkg = scanPackageLI(file,
flags|PackageParser.PARSE_MUST_BE_APK, scanMode, currentTime);
// Don't mess around with apps in system partition.
if (pkg == null && (flags & PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM) == 0 &&
mLastScanError == PackageManager.INSTALL_FAILED_INVALID_APK) {
// Delete the apk
Slog.w(TAG, "Cleaning up failed install of " + file);
file.delete();
}
}
}
并且从该扫描方法中可以看出调用了scanPackageLI（）
private PackageParser.Package scanPackageLI(File scanFile,
int parseFlags, int scanMode, long currentTime)
跟踪scanPackageLI（）方法后发现，程序经过很多次的if else 的筛选，最后判定 可以安装apk后，调用了 mInstaller.install
if (mInstaller != null) {
int ret = mInstaller.install(pkgName, useEncryptedFSDir, pkg.applicationInfo.uid,pkg.applicationInfo.uid);
if(ret < 0) {
// Error from installer
mLastScanError = PackageManager.INSTALL_FAILED_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE;
return null;
}
}
mInstaller.install（） 通过
LocalSocketAddress address = new LocalSocketAddress(
"installd", LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED);
指挥installd在C语言的文件中完成工作
PackageManagerService小节 ：
1)从apk, xml中载入pacakge信息, 存储到内部成员变量中, 用于后面的查找. 关键的方法是scanPackageLI().
2)各种查询操作, 包括query Intent操作.
3)install package和delete package的操作. 还有后面的关键方法是installPackageLI().
二、从网络上下载应用：
下载完成后，会自动调用Packagemanager的安装方法installPackage（）
/* Called when a downloaded package installation has been confirmed by the user */
由英文注释可见PackageManagerService 类的installPackage（）函数为 安装程序 的入口。
public void installPackage(
final Uri packageURI, final IPackageInstallObserver observer, final int flags,
final String installerPackageName) {
mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
android.Manifest.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES, null);
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(INIT_COPY);
msg.obj = new InstallParams(packageURI, observer, flags,
installerPackageName);
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
其中是通过PackageHandler的实例mhandler.sendMessage（msg）把信息发给继承Handler的类HandleMessage()方法
class PackageHandler extends Handler{
*****************省略若干********************
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
try {
doHandleMessage(msg);
} finally {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
}
}
******************省略若干**********************
}
把信息发给doHandleMessage()方法,方法中用switch（）语句进行判定传来Message
void doHandleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case INIT_COPY: {
if (DEBUG_SD_INSTALL) Log.i(TAG, "init_copy");
HandlerParams params = (HandlerParams) msg.obj;
int idx = mPendingInstalls.size();
if (DEBUG_SD_INSTALL) Log.i(TAG, "idx=" + idx);
// If a bind was already initiated we dont really
// need to do anything. The pending install
// will be processed later on.
if (!mBound) {
// If this is the only one pending we might
// have to bind to the service again.
if (!connectToService()) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to bind to media container service");
params.serviceError();
return;
} else {
// Once we bind to the service, the first
// pending request will be processed.
mPendingInstalls.add(idx, params);
}
} else {
mPendingInstalls.add(idx, params);
// Already bound to the service. Just make
// sure we trigger off processing the first request.
if (idx == 0) {
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MCS_BOUND);
}
}
break;
}
case MCS_BOUND: {
if (DEBUG_SD_INSTALL) Log.i(TAG, "mcs_bound");
if (msg.obj != null) {
mContainerService = (IMediaContainerService) msg.obj;
}
if (mContainerService == null) {
// Something seriously wrong. Bail out
Slog.e(TAG, "Cannot bind to media container service");
for (HandlerParams params : mPendingInstalls) {
mPendingInstalls.remove(0);
// Indicate service bind error
params.serviceError();
}
mPendingInstalls.clear();
} else if (mPendingInstalls.size() > 0) {
HandlerParams params = mPendingInstalls.get(0);
if (params != null) {
params.startCopy();
}
} else {
// Should never happen ideally.
Slog.w(TAG, "Empty queue");
}
break;
}
****************省略若干**********************
}
}
public final boolean sendMessage (Message msg)
public final boolean sendEmptyMessage (int what)
两者参数有别。
然后调用抽象类HandlerParams中的一个startCopy（）方法
abstract class HandlerParams {
final void startCopy() {
***************若干if语句判定否这打回handler消息*******
handleReturnCode();
}
}
handleReturnCode（）复写了两次其中有一次是删除时要调用的，只列出安装调用的一个方法
@Override
void handleReturnCode() {
// If mArgs is null, then MCS couldn't be reached. When it
// reconnects, it will try again to install. At that point, this
// will succeed.
if (mArgs != null) {
processPendingInstall(mArgs, mRet);
}
}
这时可以清楚的看见 processPendingInstall（）被调用。
其中run（）方法如下
run(){
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
************省略*****************
installPackageLI(args, true, res);
}
}
instaPacakgeLI（）args,res参数分析
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//InstallArgs 是在PackageService定义的static abstract class InstallArgs 静态抽象类。
static abstract class InstallArgs {
*********************************************************************
其中定义了flag标志，packageURL，创建文件，拷贝apk，修改包名称，
还有一些删除文件的清理，释放存储函数。
*********************************************************************
}
class PackageInstalledInfo {
String name;
int uid;
PackageParser.Package pkg;
int returnCode;
PackageRemovedInfo removedInfo;
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
private void installPackageLI(InstallArgs args, boolean newInstall, PackageInstalledInfo res) { int pFlags = args.flags; String installerPackageName = args.installerPackageName; File tmpPackageFile = new File(args.getCodePath()); boolean forwardLocked = ((pFlags & PackageManager.INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK) != 0); boolean onSd = ((pFlags & PackageManager.INSTALL_EXTERNAL) != 0); boolean replace = false; int scanMode = (onSd ? 0 : SCAN_MONITOR) | SCAN_FORCE_DEX | SCAN_UPDATE_SIGNATURE | (newInstall ? SCAN_NEW_INSTALL : 0); // Result object to be returned res.returnCode = PackageManager.INSTALL_SUCCEEDED; // Retrieve PackageSettings and parse package int parseFlags = PackageParser.PARSE_CHATTY | (forwardLocked ? PackageParser.PARSE_FORWARD_LOCK : 0) | (onSd ? PackageParser.PARSE_ON_SDCARD : 0); parseFlags |= mDefParseFlags; PackageParser pp = new PackageParser(tmpPackageFile.getPath()); pp.setSeparateProcesses(mSeparateProcesses); final PackageParser.Package pkg = pp.parsePackage(tmpPackageFile, null, mMetrics, parseFlags); if (pkg == null) { res.returnCode = pp.getParseError(); return; } String pkgName = res.name = pkg.packageName; if ((pkg.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_TEST_ONLY) != 0) { if ((pFlags&PackageManager.INSTALL_ALLOW_TEST) == 0) { res.returnCode = PackageManager.INSTALL_FAILED_TEST_ONLY; return; } } if (GET_CERTIFICATES && !pp.collectCertificates(pkg, parseFlags)) { res.returnCode = pp.getParseError(); return; } // Get rid of all references to package scan path via parser. pp = null; String oldCodePath = null; boolean systemApp = false; synchronized (mPackages) { // Check if installing already existing package if ((pFlags&PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING) != 0) { String oldName = mSettings.mRenamedPackages.get(pkgName); if (pkg.mOriginalPackages != null && pkg.mOriginalPackages.contains(oldName) && mPackages.containsKey(oldName)) { // This package is derived from an original package, // and this device has been updating from that original // name. We must continue using the original name, so // rename the new package here. pkg.setPackageName(oldName); pkgName = pkg.packageName; replace = true; } else if (mPackages.containsKey(pkgName)) { // This package, under its official name, already exists // on the device; we should replace it. replace = true; } } PackageSetting ps = mSettings.mPackages.get(pkgName); if (ps != null) { oldCodePath = mSettings.mPackages.get(pkgName).codePathString; if (ps.pkg != null && ps.pkg.applicationInfo != null) { systemApp = (ps.pkg.applicationInfo.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) != 0; } } } if (systemApp && onSd) { // Disable updates to system apps on sdcard Slog.w(TAG, "Cannot install updates to system apps on sdcard"); res.returnCode = PackageManager.INSTALL_FAILED_INVALID_INSTALL_LOCATION; return; } if (!args.doRename(res.returnCode, pkgName, oldCodePath)) { res.returnCode = PackageManager.INSTALL_FAILED_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE; return; } // Set application objects path explicitly after the rename setApplicationInfoPaths(pkg, args.getCodePath(), args.getResourcePath()); pkg.applicationInfo.nativeLibraryDir = args.getNativeLibraryPath(); if (replace) { replacePackageLI(pkg, parseFlags, scanMode, installerPackageName, res); } else { installNewPackageLI(pkg, parseFlags, scanMode, installerPackageName,res); } }
最后判断 如果以前 不存在 那么调用installNewPackageLI(）
private void installNewPackageLI(PackageParser.Package pkg, int parseFlags,int scanMode, String installerPackageName, PackageInstalledInfo res) { ***********************省略若干************************************************* PackageParser.Package newPackage = scanPackageLI(pkg, parseFlags, scanMode, System.currentTimeMillis()); ***********************省略若干************************************************** }
最后终于 回到了和 开机安装 一样的地方. 与开机方式安装 调用统一方法。
三、从ADB工具安装
其 入口函数 源文件为pm.java
(源文件路径：android\frameworks\base\cmds\pm\src\com\android\commands\pm\Pm.java)
其中\system\framework\pm.jar 包管理库
包管理脚本 \system\bin\pm 解析
Pm.java 文件里的 showUsage就是使用方法
private static void showUsage() { System.err.println("usage: pm [list|path|install|uninstall]"); System.err.println(" pm list packages [-f]"); System.err.println(" pm list permission-groups"); System.err.println(" pm list permissions [-g] [-f] [-d] [-u] [GROUP]"); System.err.println(" pm list instrumentation [-f] [TARGET-PACKAGE]"); System.err.println(" pm list features"); System.err.println(" pm path PACKAGE"); System.err.println(" pm install [-l] [-r] [-t] [-i INSTALLER_PACKAGE_NAME] [-s] [-f] PATH"); System.err.println(" pm uninstall [-k] PACKAGE"); System.err.println(" pm enable PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT"); System.err.println(" pm disable PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT"); System.err.println(" pm setInstallLocation [0/auto] [1/internal] [2/external]"); **********************省略************************** }
安装时候 会调用 runInstall（）方法
private void runInstall() { int installFlags = 0; String installerPackageName = null; String opt; while ((opt=nextOption()) != null) { if (opt.equals("-l")) { installFlags |= PackageManager.INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK; } else if (opt.equals("-r")) { installFlags |= PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING; } else if (opt.equals("-i")) { installerPackageName = nextOptionData(); if (installerPackageName == null) { System.err.println("Error: no value specified for -i"); showUsage(); return; } } else if (opt.equals("-t")) { installFlags |= PackageManager.INSTALL_ALLOW_TEST; } else if (opt.equals("-s")) { // Override if -s option is specified. installFlags |= PackageManager.INSTALL_EXTERNAL; } else if (opt.equals("-f")) { // Override if -s option is specified. installFlags |= PackageManager.INSTALL_INTERNAL; } else { System.err.println("Error: Unknown option: " + opt); showUsage(); return; } } String apkFilePath = nextArg(); System.err.println("\tpkg: " + apkFilePath); if (apkFilePath == null) { System.err.println("Error: no package specified"); showUsage(); return; } PackageInstallObserver obs = new PackageInstallObserver(); try { mPm.installPackage(Uri.fromFile(new File(apkFilePath)), obs, installFlags, installerPackageName); synchronized (obs) { while (!obs.finished) { try { obs.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } if (obs.result == PackageManager.INSTALL_SUCCEEDED) { System.out.println("Success"); } else { System.err.println("Failure [" + installFailureToString(obs.result) + "]"); } } } catch (RemoteException e) { System.err.println(e.toString()); System.err.println(PM_NOT_RUNNING_ERR); } }
其中
PackageInstallObserver obs = new PackageInstallObserver();
mPm.installPackage(Uri.fromFile(new File(apkFilePath)), obs, installFlags,
installerPackageName);
如果 安装成功
obs.result == PackageManager.INSTALL_SUCCEEDED)
又因为有
IPackageManage mPm；
mPm = IpackageManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("package"));
Stub是接口IPackageManage的静态抽象类，asInterface是返回IPackageManager代理的静态方法。
因为class PackageManagerService extends IPackageManager.Stub
所以mPm.installPackage 调用
/* Called when a downloaded package installation has been confirmed by the user */
public void installPackage(
final Uri packageURI, final IPackageInstallObserver observer, final int flags,final String installerPackageName)
这样 最后 就是 相当于 调用 从网络下载安装的 入口了。
四,从SD卡安装
系统调用 PackageInstallerActivity.java
源码路径：android/packages/apps/PackageInstaller/src/com/android/packageinstaller/PackageInstallerActivity.java
进入这个Activity会判断信息是否有错，然后调用
private void initiateInstall() 判断 是否 曾经有过 同名包的安装，或者包已经安装
通过后 执行private void startInstallConfirm() 点击OK按钮后经过一系列的安装信息的判断 Intent跳转到
public class InstallAppProgress extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener, OnCancelListener public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); Intent intent = getIntent(); mAppInfo = intent.getParcelableExtra(PackageUtil.INTENT_ATTR_APPLICATION_INFO); mPackageURI = intent.getData(); initView(); }
方法中调用了initView（）方法
public void initView() { requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); setContentView(R.layout.op_progress); int installFlags = 0; PackageManager pm = getPackageManager(); try { PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(mAppInfo.packageName, PackageManager.GET_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES); if(pi != null) { installFlags |= PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING; } } catch (NameNotFoundException e) { } if((installFlags & PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING )!= 0) { Log.w(TAG, "Replacing package:" + mAppInfo.packageName); } PackageUtil.AppSnippet as = PackageUtil.getAppSnippet(this, mAppInfo, mPackageURI); mLabel = as.label; PackageUtil.initSnippetForNewApp(this, as, R.id.app_snippet); mStatusTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.center_text); mStatusTextView.setText(R.string.installing); mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progress_bar); mProgressBar.setIndeterminate(true); // Hide button till progress is being displayed mOkPanel = (View)findViewById(R.id.buttons_panel); mDoneButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.done_button); mLaunchButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.launch_button); mOkPanel.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE); String installerPackageName = getIntent().getStringExtra( Intent.EXTRA_INSTALLER_PACKAGE_NAME); PackageInstallObserver observer = new PackageInstallObserver(); pm.installPackage(mPackageURI, observer, installFlags, installerPackageName); }
方法最后 我们可以看到 再次调用安装接口 完成安装，相当于 又 调用了 网络安装。
---------------------------------------
总结：
1.系统应用安装――开机时完成
2.网络下载应用安装――最后 会 调用
系统应用安装 的 scanPackageLI 接口；
3.ADB工具安装――最后 会 调用 网络下载应用安装 的installPackage 接口，从而 相当于 走的 还是系统应用安装 的 路径；
4.第三方应用安装――由 packageinstaller.apk 应用处理安装及卸载，最后也会 调用 网络下载应用安装 的installPackage 接口，从而 相当于 走的 还是系统应用安装 的 路径。