centos7部署ethereum私有链

https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki
http://book.8btc.com/books/6/ethereum/_book/public-chain-chain.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/zl03jsj/p/6876064.html

安装客户端

yum -y install golang
go version
> go version go1.8.3 linux/amd64

wget https://gethstore.blob.core.windows.net/builds/geth-alltools-linux-amd64-1.7.3-4bb3c89d.tar.gz
tar xvfz geth-alltools-linux-amd64-1.7.3-4bb3c89d.tar.gz
export PATH=$PATH:/root/geth-alltools-linux-amd64-1.7.3-4bb3c89d

创始块初始化文件genesis.json

{
  "config": {
    "chainId": 123,
    "homesteadBlock": 0,
    "eip155Block": 0,
    "eip158Block": 0
  },
  "nonce": "0x0000000000000033",
  "timestamp": "0x0",
  "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "gasLimit": "0x8000000",
  "difficulty": "0x100",
  "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "coinbase": "0x3333333333333333333333333333333333333333",
  "alloc": {}
}

#参数名称	参数描述
#mixhash	    与nonce配合用于挖矿，由上一个区块的一部分生成的hash。注意他和nonce的设置需要满足以太坊的Yellow paper, 4.3.4. Block Header Validity, (44)章节所描述的条件。
#nonce	   nonce就是一个64位随机数，用于挖矿，注意他和mixhash的设置需要满足以太坊的Yellow paper, 4.3.4. Block Header Validity, (44)章节所描述的条件。
#difficulty	  设置当前区块的难度，如果难度过大，cpu挖矿就很难，这里设置较小难度
#alloc	            用来预置账号以及账号的以太币数量，因为私有链挖矿比较容易，所以我们不需要预置有币的账号，需要的时候自己创建即可以。
#coinbase	      矿工的账号，随便填
#timestamp	设置创世块的时间戳
#parentHash	上一个区块的hash值，因为是创世块，所以这个值是0
#extraData	附加信息，随便填，可以填你的个性信息
#gasLimit	该值设置对GAS的消耗总量限制，用来限制区块能包含的交易信息总和，因为我们是私有链，所以填最大。

私有链节点初始化

mkdir /opt/blockchain
geth --datadir /opt/blockchain init genesis.json 

控制台方式连接私有链

geth --networkid 123 --datadir /opt/blockchain console

建立矿工帐号

# 第1个建立的帐号默认为矿工帐号
> personal.newAccount("me")
"0xdd3381d3d81593bcc4440a634fdf964e19744ed9"

节点默认矿工帐号

> eth.coinbase
Error: etherbase address must be explicitly specified
    at web3.js:3143:20
    at web3.js:6347:15
    at get (web3.js:6247:38)
    at <unknown>

建立以后就有了
> eth.coinbase
"0xdd3381d3d81593bcc4440a634fdf964e19744ed9"

后台启动

nohup geth --networkid 123 --datadir /opt/blockchain --mine --nodiscover --rpc --rpcaddr 0.0.0.0 --rpcapi "db,eth,net,web3,admin,personal" --ipcpath /opt/blockchain/geth.ipc &

以太坊钱包连接

/opt/Ethereum Wallet/ethereumwallet --rpc  /opt/blockchain/geth.ipc

连接到以太坊私链

geth attach /opt/blockchain/geth.ipc
geth attach http://127.0.0.1:8545

挖矿

miner.start(1)

矿工的以太WEI

> eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase)
2.031e+22

> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase)) # 转成以太币

当前节点值

> admin.nodeInfo.enode
"enode://7ea7808369eef9718e4490b3913bbacc0176f88fe0d8ad6085ca3e614b30eb244a70aa226015aa8cfad58938915946dcefc78ef960f0447c526e221ac62077b2@[::]:30303?discport=0"

当前块号

> eth.blockNumber
255

当前块内容

> eth.getBlock(255)

多节点配置（开发环境的话，1个节点上建立多个帐户即可）

必须使用同样创始块初始化文件genesis.json创建节点，参考前面的操作。

节点1 192.168.48.111
节点2 192.168.48.112
节点3 192.168.48.113
节点4 192.168.48.114


# 查询节点1信息
> admin.nodeInfo.enode or admin.nodeInfo
"enode://9d12900c5b7105d6db5769bacbf16e02574e19f8a8db4d16c8fad2b10a17c566f09e81619c298e3d4bbca0f0f5476ee3ef60e16a2f8cd3fe323ea884025d3fe8@[::]:30303?discport=0"

# 节点2, 3, 4分别添加节点1
# 节点1信息中的 [::] 需要替换为 ip地址 ， 使用同一个 networkid
>  personal.newAccount("he")

>  personal.newAccount("she")

>  personal.newAccount("it")

> admin.addPeer("enode://9d12900c5b7105d6db5769bacbf16e02574e19f8a8db4d16c8fad2b10a17c566f09e81619c298e3d4bbca0f0f5476ee3ef60e16a2f8cd3fe323ea884025d3fe8@192.168.48.111:30303?discport=0")
true

#随后自动同步区位块
> INFO [02-09|10:55:42] Block synchronisation started 
INFO [02-09|10:55:42] Imported new state entries               count=1 elapsed=117.431µs processed=1 pending=0 retry=0 duplicate=0 unexpected=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:45] Imported new block headers               count=192 elapsed=2.803s    number=192 hash=0a09dc…8adbb1 ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:45] Imported new block receipts              count=192 elapsed=3.552ms   bytes=768 number=192 hash=0a09dc…8adbb1 ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:45] Imported new block headers               count=192 elapsed=106.312ms number=384 hash=a976d1…9df3ae ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:45] Imported new block receipts              count=192 elapsed=3.790ms   bytes=768 number=384 hash=a976d1…9df3ae ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:46] Imported new block headers               count=2048 elapsed=1.262s    number=2432 hash=cc5639…98edb1 ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:47] Imported new block receipts              count=2048 elapsed=96.143ms  bytes=8192 number=2432 hash=cc5639…98edb1 ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:48] Generating ethash verification cache     epoch=1 percentage=67 elapsed=3.080s
INFO [02-09|10:55:49] Generated ethash verification cache      epoch=1 elapsed=4.515s
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Imported new block headers               count=1792 elapsed=12.194s   number=4224 hash=34b889…a9ffca ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Imported new block receipts              count=1514 elapsed=79.429ms  bytes=6056 number=3946 hash=37d0fc…7484d9 ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Imported new state entries               count=1    elapsed=69.436µs  processed=2 pending=0 retry=0 duplicate=0 unexpected=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Imported new block receipts              count=1    elapsed=102.927µs bytes=4    number=3947 hash=96d4bd…b936ca ignored=0
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Committed new head block                 number=3947 hash=96d4bd…b936ca
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Imported new chain segment               blocks=277 txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=239.845ms mgasps=0.000 number=4224 hash=34b889…a9ffca
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Imported new block headers               count=39   elapsed=544.628ms number=4263 hash=df5c71…ee6138 ignored=0
WARN [02-09|10:55:59] Skipping deep transaction reorg          depth=4224
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Imported new chain segment               blocks=39  txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=15.711ms  mgasps=0.000 number=4263 hash=df5c71…ee6138
INFO [02-09|10:55:59] Fast sync complete, auto disabling 
INFO [02-09|10:56:00] Imported new chain segment               blocks=3   txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=20.714ms  mgasps=0.000 number=4266 hash=327227…dad296
INFO [02-09|10:56:04] Imported new chain segment               blocks=1   txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=7.450ms   mgasps=0.000 number=4267 hash=759130…d8d811

# 登录节点1查看
> admin.peers
[{
    caps: ["eth/63"],
    id: "60823ad532b30cebf94013295d08010b657fb4a3c226fd6a3a96578bb85292f9987a4d0b3f24d92cd448dba3d083418dde368f811797c3bc966c3a9775e19553",
    name: "Geth/v1.7.3-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.2",
    network: {
      localAddress: "192.168.48.111:30303",
      remoteAddress: "192.168.48.113:37136"
    },
    protocols: {
      eth: {
        difficulty: 2097152,
        head: "0xb059eea745254c042c4736749d8cbd10d67ea4276b9e312a669e60d56992d967",
        version: 63
      }
    }
}, {
    caps: ["eth/63"],
    id: "693ea792c9d1ce90c1242e0650cefcaf931de9f4f21ef5cd551047b409a45ee0654bfd769a4b8aa85e57da5aa35fdf86f950979d0e4e9b699857f86152e9d28c",
    name: "Geth/v1.7.3-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.2",
    network: {
      localAddress: "192.168.48.111:30303",
      remoteAddress: "192.168.48.112:52756"
    },
    protocols: {
      eth: {
        difficulty: 2097152,
        head: "0xb059eea745254c042c4736749d8cbd10d67ea4276b9e312a669e60d56992d967",
        version: 63
      }
    }
}, {
    caps: ["eth/63"],
    id: "b8419370552fb2089d140b78be5c552a69c026b03d76ef88d443e9d5e5b48d27c07726a4e7ad18820426a7d881c82ac94f3d752329b7942d728d87b7c666ddbc",
    name: "Geth/v1.7.3-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.2",
    network: {
      localAddress: "192.168.48.111:30303",
      remoteAddress: "192.168.48.114:44970"
    },
    protocols: {
      eth: {
        difficulty: 2097152,
        head: "0xb059eea745254c042c4736749d8cbd10d67ea4276b9e312a669e60d56992d967",
        version: 63
      }
    }
}]

# 这种控制台添加节点方式，一旦退出控制台就失效，所以使用命令方式添加
nohup geth --networkid 123 --datadir /opt/blockchain --identity "TestChain_112" --mine --port 30303 --nodiscover --rpc --rpcaddr 0.0.0.0 --rpcport 8545 --rpcapi "db,eth,net,web3" --bootnodes "enode://9d12900c5b7105d6db5769bacbf16e02574e19f8a8db4d16c8fad2b10a17c566f09e81619c298e3d4bbca0f0f5476ee3ef60e16a2f8cd3fe323ea884025d3fe8@192.168.48.111:30303" &

nohup geth --networkid 123 --datadir /opt/blockchain --identity "TestChain_113" --mine --port 30303 --nodiscover --rpc --rpcaddr 0.0.0.0 --rpcport 8545 --rpcapi "db,eth,net,web3" --bootnodes "enode://9d12900c5b7105d6db5769bacbf16e02574e19f8a8db4d16c8fad2b10a17c566f09e81619c298e3d4bbca0f0f5476ee3ef60e16a2f8cd3fe323ea884025d3fe8@192.168.48.111:30303" &

nohup geth --networkid 123 --datadir /opt/blockchain --identity "TestChain_114" --mine --port 30303 --nodiscover  --rpc --rpcaddr 0.0.0.0 --rpcport 8545 --rpcapi "db,eth,net,web3" --bootnodes "enode://9d12900c5b7105d6db5769bacbf16e02574e19f8a8db4d16c8fad2b10a17c566f09e81619c298e3d4bbca0f0f5476ee3ef60e16a2f8cd3fe323ea884025d3fe8@192.168.48.111:30303" &