• Linux下Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡和动静分离配置要点


    本文使用的Linux发行版:CentOS6.7 下载地址:https://wiki.centos.org/Download

    一、安装Nginx

    下载源:wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm

    安装源:yum install nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm

    安装Nginx:yum install nginx

    启动Nginx服务:service nginx start

    停止Nginx服务:service nginx stop

    查看Nginx运行状态:service nginx status

    检查Nginx配置文件:nginx -t

    服务运行中重新加载配置:nginx -s reload

    添加Nginx服务自启动:chkconfig nginx on

    二、修改防火墙规则

    修改Nginx所在主机的防火墙配置:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables,将nginx使用的端口添加到允许列表中。

    例如:-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT (表示允许80端口通过)

    修改Tomcat所在主机的防火墙配置:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables,将tomcat使用的端口添加到允许列表中。

    例如:-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT (表示允许8080端口通过)

    如果主机上有多个tomcat的话,则按此规则添加多条,修改对应的端口号即可。

    保存后重启防火墙:service iptables restart

    三、Tomcat负载均衡配置

    Nginx启动时默认加载配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,而nginx.conf里会引用/etc/nginx/conf.d目录里的所有.conf文件。

    因此可以将自己定制的一些配置写到单独.conf文件里,只要文件放在/etc/nginx/conf.d这个目录里即可,方便维护。

    创建tomcats.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcats.conf,内容如下:

    1 upstream tomcats {
    2     ip_hash;
    3     server 192.168.0.251:8080;
    4     server 192.168.0.251:8081;
    5     server 192.168.0.251:8082;
    6 }

    修改default.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,修改如下:

     1 #注释原有的配置
     2 #location / {
     3 #    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
     4 #    index  index.html index.htm;
     5 #}
     6 
     7 #新增配置默认将请求转发到tomcats.conf配置的upstream进行处理
     8 location / {
     9     proxy_set_header Host $host;
    10     proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    11     proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
    12     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    13     proxy_pass http://tomcats; #与tomcats.conf里配置的upstream同名
    14 }

    保存后重新加载配置:nginx -s reload

    四、静态资源分离配置

    修改default.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,添加如下配置:

     1 #所有js,css相关的静态资源文件的请求由Nginx处理
     2 location ~.*.(js|css)$ {
     3     root    /opt/static-resources; #指定文件路径
     4     expires     12h; #过期时间为12小时
     5 }
     6 #所有图片等多媒体相关静态资源文件的请求由Nginx处理
     7 location ~.*.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {
     8     root    /opt/static-resources; #指定文件路径
     9     expires     7d; #过期时间为7天
    10 }

    五、修改SELinux安全规则

    如果访问Nginx时出现502 Bad Gateway错误,则可能是Nginx主机上的SELinux限制了其使用http访问权限引起的,输入命令setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1 开启权限即可。

    文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf完整配置如下:

     1 user  nginx;
     2 worker_processes  auto;
     3 
     4 error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
     5 pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
     6 worker_rlimit_nofile    100000;
     7 
     8 
     9 events {
    10     use epoll;
    11     multi_accept on; 
    12     worker_connections  1024;
    13 }
    14 
    15 
    16 http {
    17     include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    18     default_type  application/octet-stream;
    19 
    20     #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    21     #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    22     #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    23 
    24     #access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    25 
    26     sendfile        on;
    27     server_tokens off;
    28     #tcp_nopush     on;
    29 
    30     keepalive_timeout  65;
    31 
    32     gzip on;
    33     gzip_disable "msie6";
    34     gzip_static on;
    35     gzip_proxied any;
    36     gzip_min_length 1000;
    37     gzip_comp_level 4;
    38     gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
    39 
    40     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    41 }

    文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf完整配置如下:

     1 server {
     2     listen       80;
     3     server_name  localhost;
     4 
     5     #charset koi8-r;
     6     #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;
     7 
     8     #location / {
     9     #    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    10     #    index  index.html index.htm;
    11     #}
    12 
    13     location / {
    14         proxy_set_header Host $host;
    15         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    16         proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
    17         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    18         proxy_pass http://web_servers;
    19     }
    20 
    21     location ~.*.(js|css)$ {
    22         root    /opt/static-resources;
    23         expires     12h;
    24     }
    25 
    26     location ~.*.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {
    27         root    /opt/static-resources;
    28         expires     7d;
    29     }
    30 
    31     #error_page  404              /404.html;
    32 
    33     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    34     #
    35     error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    36     location = /50x.html {
    37         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    38     }
    39 
    40     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    41     #
    42     #location ~ .php$ {
    43     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    44     #}
    45 
    46     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    47     #
    48     #location ~ .php$ {
    49     #    root           html;
    50     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    51     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    52     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    53     #    include        fastcgi_params;
    54     #}
    55 
    56     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    57     # concurs with nginx's one
    58     #
    59     #location ~ /.ht {
    60     #    deny  all;
    61     #}
    62 }

    (温馨提示:如果执行命令时没有root权限,请在命令前面加上 sudo 执行)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liujiduo/p/5044854.html
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