linux中如何将一行数据转换为一列数据

1、测试数据

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# ls
test.txt
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# cat test.txt
i j k s
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# sed -n l test.txt
i j k s$

2、转换为一列数据

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# ls
test.txt
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# cat test.txt
i j k s
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# sed -n l test.txt
i j k s$
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# sed 's/ /\n/g' test.txt       ## sed实现
i
j
k
s
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# cat test.txt | tr " " "\n"    ## tr实现
i
j
k
s
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# cat test.txt | xargs -n 1     ## xargs实现
i
j
k
s
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# awk '{gsub(" ", "\n"); print $0}' test.txt   ## awk实现
i
j
k
s
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# awk '{for(i = 1; i <= NF; i++) printf("%s\n", $i)}' test.txt   ## awk实现
i
j
k
s

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# ls
test.txt
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# cat test.txt
i j k s
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# sed -n l test.txt
i j k s$
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# awk 'BEGIN{RS = " "}{print $0}' test.txt
i
j
k
s

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# awk 'BEGIN{RS = " "}{print $0}' test.txt | head -n -1              ## awk实现
i
j
k
s
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# awk 'BEGIN{RS = " "; ORS = "\n"} {print $0}' test.txt
i
j
k
s

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test2# awk 'BEGIN{RS = " "; ORS = "\n"} {print $0}' test.txt | sed '$d'     ## awk实现
i
j
k
s