1、
>>> def a():
x = 10
def b():
x = x + 8
print(x)
return b
>>> a()
<function a.<locals>.b at 0x000001B47F4D8040>
>>> a()()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#649>", line 1, in <module>
a()()
File "<pyshell#647>", line 4, in b
x = x + 8
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment
python认为在内部函数的x是局部变量的时候,外部函数的x就被屏蔽了起来,所以在执行 x = x + 8的时候找不到x的值,因此报错。
>>> def a():
x = [100]
def b():
x[0] = x[0] + 8
print(x[0])
return b
>>> a()()
108
>>> c = a()
>>> c()
108
>>> def a():
x = 100
def b():
nonlocal x
x = x + 8
print(x)
return b
>>> a()
<function a.<locals>.b at 0x000001DA3D2EA040>
>>> a()()
108
>>> c = a()
>>> c()
108
2、
>>> def a():
x = 10
def b():
nonlocal x
x = x + 8
print(x)
return b
>>> c = a()
>>> c()
18
>>> c()
26
>>> c()
34
>>> for i in range(5):
c()
42
50
58
66
74
闭包概念的引入是为了尽可能地避免使用全局变量,闭包允许将函数与其所操作的某些数据(环境)关联起来,这样外部函数就为内部函数构成了一个封闭的环境。
参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/s-1314-521/p/9763376.html