TFTP（Trivial File Transfer Protocol）
TFTP: 基于UDP协议，占用的端口号为69
TFTP：不需要客户端的权限认证（匿名用户模式？？）
TFTP：传输琐碎文件（trivial）时，效率高
TFTP服务采用服务器端/客户端的方式，以下实验中PC1为服务器端，IP为192.168.10.10，PC2为客户端
1、在PC1服务器端安装TFTP的软件包
[root@PC1 ~]# yum install tftp-server.x86_64 tftp
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
rhel7 | 4.1 kB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tftp.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7 will be installed
---> Package tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xinetd for package: tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
tftp x86_64 5.2-11.el7 rhel7 35 k
tftp-server x86_64 5.2-11.el7 rhel7 44 k
Installing for dependencies:
xinetd x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7 rhel7 128 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Packages (+1 Dependent package)
Total download size: 207 k
Installed size: 373 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 560 kB/s | 207 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 2:xinetd-2.3.15-12.el7.x86_64 1/3
Installing : tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 2/3
Installing : tftp-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 3/3
rhel7/productid | 1.6 kB 00:00
Verifying : 2:xinetd-2.3.15-12.el7.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : tftp-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
tftp.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7 tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7
Dependency Installed:
xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7
Complete!
2、在PC1服务器端开启tftp服务（tftp服务是使用xinetd服务程序来管理的）
[root@PC1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no ## 此处改为no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
3、在PC1服务器端重启xinetd服务
[root@PC1 ~]# systemctl restart xinetd.service
[root@PC1 ~]# systemctl enable xinetd
4、在PC1服务器端将69端口加入防火墙允许策略中
[root@PC1 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=69/udp
success
[root@PC1 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
5、PC2客户机中安装tftp
[root@PC2 test]# yum install tftp-server.x86_64 tftp
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tftp.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7 will be installed
---> Package tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xinetd for package: tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
tftp x86_64 5.2-11.el7 rhel7 35 k
tftp-server x86_64 5.2-11.el7 rhel7 44 k
Installing for dependencies:
xinetd x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7 rhel7 128 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Packages (+1 Dependent package)
Total download size: 207 k
Installed size: 373 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.4 MB/s | 207 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 2:xinetd-2.3.15-12.el7.x86_64 1/3
Installing : tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 2/3
Installing : tftp-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : 2:xinetd-2.3.15-12.el7.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : tftp-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
tftp.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7 tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7
Dependency Installed:
xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7
Complete!
6、 在PC2客户机中清空防火墙策略并保存
[root@PC2 test]# iptables -F
[root@PC2 test]# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[ OK ]
7、tftp服务远程登录的默认路径为/var/bin/tftpboot, 在PC1服务器端创建测试数据
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# pwd
/var/lib/tftpboot
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# ls
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# echo "i am pc1.file" > pc1.file
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# ls
pc1.file
8、在PC2服务端创建测试数据，并测试传输
[root@PC2 test]# pwd
/home/test
[root@PC2 test]# echo "i am pc2" > pc2.file
[root@PC2 test]# ls
pc2.file
[root@PC2 test]# pwd
/home/test
[root@PC2 test]# echo "i am pc2" > pc2.file
[root@PC2 test]# ls
pc2.file
[root@PC2 test]# tftp 192.168.10.10
tftp> get pc1.file ## 测试传输至本地
tftp> quit
[root@PC2 test]# ls
pc1.file pc2.file
[root@PC2 test]# cat pc1.file
i am pc1.file
[root@PC2 test]# ls
pc1.file pc2.file
[root@PC2 test]# tftp 192.168.10.10
tftp> put pc2.file
Error code 1: File not found ## 上传报错
tftp>
9、在PC1服务器端修改配置文件
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp # default: off # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \ # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \ # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \ # and to start the installation process for some operating systems. service tftp { socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot -c disable = no per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4 }
10、在PC1服务器端重启xinetd服务
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# systemctl restart xinetd.service
11、 在PC2客户端继续测试上传
[root@PC2 test]# ls
pc1.file pc2.file
[root@PC2 test]# pwd
/home/test
[root@PC2 test]# tftp 192.168.10.10
tftp> put pc2.file
Error code 0: Permission denied ## 上传继续报错，这次显示权限问题
tftp>
12、在PC1服务器端修改路径权限
[root@PC1 lib]# ll -d /var/lib/tftpboot/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 21 Dec 15 00:38 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@PC1 lib]# chmod -R 777 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@PC1 lib]# ll -d /var/lib/tftpboot/
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 21 Dec 15 00:38 /var/lib/tftpboot/
13、在PC2客户端继续测试上传
[root@PC2 test]# ls
pc1.file pc2.file
[root@PC2 test]# tftp 192.168.10.10
tftp> put pc2.file
tftp>
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# ls
pc1.file pc2.file
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# cat pc2.file
i am pc2
[root@PC1 tftpboot]# pwd
/var/lib/tftpboot
终于实现上传。