外观模式是为了解决类与类之间的依赖关系的,像spring一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个Facade类中,降低了类类之间的耦合度,该模式中没有涉及到接口,看下类图:(我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例)
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package com.liubo.patterns.facade; /** * * @author liubo * */ public class CPU { public void startup() { System.out.println("cpu startup"); } public void shutdown() { System.out.println("cpu shutdown"); } }
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package com.liubo.patterns.facade; /** * @author liubo * */ public class Memory { public void startup() { System.out.println("memory startup"); } public void shutdown() { System.out.println("memory shutdown"); } }
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package com.liubo.patterns.facade; /** * @author liubo * */ public class Disk { public void startup() { System.out.println("disk startup"); } public void shutdown() { System.out.println("disk shutdown"); } }
/** * */ package com.liubo.patterns.facade; /** * @author liubo * */ public class Computer { private CPU cpu; private Memory memory; private Disk disk; /** * @param cpu * @param memory * @param disk */ public Computer() { this.cpu = new CPU(); this.memory = new Memory(); this.disk = new Disk(); } public void startup() { System.out.println("start the computer"); cpu.startup(); memory.startup(); disk.startup(); System.out.println("start computer finished"); } public void shutdown() { System.out.println("begin to shutdown"); cpu.shutdown(); memory.shutdown(); disk.shutdown(); System.out.println("computer closed"); }
/** * */ package com.liubo.patterns.facade; /** * @author liubo * */ public class Computer { private CPU cpu; private Memory memory; private Disk disk; /** * @param cpu * @param memory * @param disk */ public Computer() { this.cpu = new CPU(); this.memory = new Memory(); this.disk = new Disk(); } public void startup() { System.out.println("start the computer"); cpu.startup(); memory.startup(); disk.startup(); System.out.println("start computer finished"); } public void shutdown() { System.out.println("begin to shutdown"); cpu.shutdown(); memory.shutdown(); disk.shutdown(); System.out.println("computer closed"); }
//output
start the computer
cpu startup
memory startup
disk startup
start computer finished
begin to shutdown
cpu shutdown
memory shutdown
disk shutdown
computer closed
如果我们没有Computer类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk他们之间将会相互持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到的,有了Computer类,他们之间的关系被放在了Computer类里,这样就起到了解耦的作用,这,就是外观模式!