此文章是对上节文章模块的补充
一，xml模块
xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，可扩展标记语言，标准通用标记语言的子集，是一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言。xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:
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<?xml version="1.0"?><data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year>2008</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/> <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/> </country> <country name="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/> </country></data> |
python模块解析xml
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导入模块 别名ETimport xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("test.xml")root = tree.getroot()#显示父节点print(root.tag) #遍历xml文档for child in root: print(child.tag, child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.text) #只遍历year 节点for node in root.iter('year'): print(node.tag,node.text) |
使用模块创建xml文件
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import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")sex.text = '33'name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")age.text = '19' et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True) ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式 |
修改或者删除
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import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")root = tree.getroot() #修改for node in root.iter('year'): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("updated","yes") tree.write("xmltest.xml") #删除nodefor country in root.findall('country'): rank = int(country.find('rank').text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write('output.xml') |
二、shutil
高级的 文件、文件夹、压缩包 处理模块
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import shutil#将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中，可以部分内容with open('log.log','r') as file1,open('test_con','w') as file2: shutil.copyfileobj('file1','file2')#拷贝文件shutil.copyfile('log.log','log')#拷贝文件权限shutil.copymode('log.log','log')shutil.copystat(src, dst)#拷贝状态的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flagsshutil.copy(src, dst)#拷贝文件和权限shutil.copy2(src, dst)#拷贝文件和状态信息 |
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#将 /opt/test 下的文件打包放置当前程序目录 import shutilret = shutil.make_archive("wwwwwwwwww", 'gztar', root_dir='/opt/test') #将 /opt/test 下的文件打包放置 /root/目录import shutilret = shutil.make_archive("/root", 'gztar', root_dir='/opt/test') |
shutil 对压缩包的处理是调用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 两个模块来进行的，详细：
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import zipfile# 压缩z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w')z.write('a.log')z.write('data.data')z.close()# 解压z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r')z.extractall()z.close() |
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import tarfile# 压缩tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','w')tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.zip', arcname='bbs2.zip')tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.zip', arcname='cmdb.zip')tar.close()# 解压tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','r')tar.extractall() # 可设置解压地址tar.close()复制代码 |