各大主流.Net的IOC框架性能测试比较

      在上一篇中，我简单介绍了下Autofac的使用，有人希望能有个性能上的测试，考虑到有那么多的IOC框架，而主流的有：Castle Windsor、微软企业库中的Unity、Spring.NET、StructureMap、Ninject等等。本篇文章主要针对这些IOC框架编写测试程序。

Autofac下载地址：http://code.google.com/p/autofac/

Castle Windsor下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/castleproject/files/Windsor/2.5/Castle.Windsor.2.5.3.zip/download

Unity下载地址：http://entlib.codeplex.com/

Spring.NET下载地址：http://www.springframework.net/

StructureMap下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/structuremap/files/

Ninject下载地址：http://ninject.org/download

其中，测试程序均采用最新的类库。

基础工作

1、程序还是引用上一篇的示例作为测试背景。

2、编写一个性能计数器，这里我采用老赵写的一个CodeTimer的类，具体介绍见：http://www.cnblogs.com/JeffreyZhao/archive/2009/03/10/codetimer.html

使用方式类似于：

int iteration = 100 * 1000;string s = ""; 
CodeTimer.Time("String Concat", iteration, () => { s += "a"; }); 
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 
CodeTimer.Time("StringBuilder", iteration, () => { sb.Append("a"); });

3、编写一个IRunner运行接口：

public interface IRunner 
{ 
    void Start(RunType runType); 
}

以及RunnerBase抽象基础运行类：

public abstract class RunnerBase 
{ 
    private int _iteration = Convert.ToInt32(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Iteration"] ?? "10000"); 
    internal int Iteration 
    { 
        get { return _iteration; } 
    }

    internal void Time(Action action) 
    { 
        CodeTimer.Time(Name, Iteration, action); 
    }

    protected abstract string Name { get; } 
} 

这里_iteration表示测试运行次数，通过配置文件来设置值。Time方法通过计数器对action方法进行Iteration次迭代。

编写一个RunManager的运行管理器：

public class RunManager 
{ 
    public static void Start(IRunner runner) 
    { 
        Start(runner, RunType.Transient); 
    }

    public static void Start(IRunner runner, RunType runType) 
    { 
        runner.Start(runType); 
    } 
}

 
在测试中，我采用两种方式的性能比较，一个是单例状态，一个是非单例状态：

/// <summary> 
/// 运行状态 
/// </summary> 
public enum RunType 
{ 
    /// <summary> 
    /// 单例 
    /// </summary> 
    Singleton,

    /// <summary> 
    /// 瞬时 
    /// </summary> 
    Transient 
} 

好了，现在我的程序只要继承RunnerBase以及IRunnre接口，就可以实现各个IOC框架的初始化装配的工作了。基础工作已经做好。

各个IOC框架测试程序

1、Autofac：

public class AutofacRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner 
{ 
    protected override string Name 
    { 
        get { return "Autofac"; } 
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType) 
    { 
        var builder = new ContainerBuilder();

        //if (runType == RunType.Singleton) 
        //    builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>().SingleInstance(); 
        //else 
        //    builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(); 
        //builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>(); 
        ////builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac"));

        builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>(); 
        if (runType == RunType.Singleton) 
            builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>())).SingleInstance(); 
        else 
            builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>()));  

        var container = builder.Build();

        Time(() => 
        { 
            var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); 
            manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); 
        });

        container.Dispose(); 
    } 
} 

2、Castle Windsor：

public class WindsorRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner 
{ 
    protected override string Name 
    { 
        get { return "Castle Windsor"; } 
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType) 
    { 
        var container = new WindsorContainer(); 
        if(runType == RunType.Singleton) 
            container.Register(Component.For(typeof(DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Singleton); 
        else 
            container.Register(Component.For(typeof(DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Transient);

        container.Register(Component.For(typeof(IDatabase)).ImplementedBy(typeof(SqlDatabase)));

        Time(() => 
        { 
            var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); 
            manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); 
        }); 
    } 
} 

3、Unity：

public class UnityRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner 
{ 
    protected override string Name 
    { 
        get { return "Unity"; } 
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType) 
    { 
        var container = new UnityContainer(); 
        if(runType == RunType.Singleton) 
            container.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager()); 
        else 
            container.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(new TransientLifetimeManager()); 
        container.RegisterType<IDatabase, SqlDatabase>();

        Time(() => 
            { 
                var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); 
                manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); 
            }); 
    } 
} 

4、Spring.NET：

public class SpringRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner 
{ 
    protected override string Name 
    { 
        get { return "Spring.NET"; } 
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType) 
    { 
        string databaseManagerName; 
        if (runType == RunType.Singleton) 
            databaseManagerName = "DatabaseManager_Singleton"; 
        else 
            databaseManagerName = "DatabaseManager_Transient";

        Time(() => 
        { 
            IApplicationContext context = ContextRegistry.GetContext(); 
            var manager = (DatabaseManager)context.GetObject(databaseManagerName); 
            manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); 
        }); 
    } 
} 

5、StructureMap：

public class StructureMapRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner 
{ 
    protected override string Name 
    { 
        get { return "StructureMap"; } 
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType) 
    { 
        ObjectFactory.Initialize(container => 
        { 
            if (runType == RunType.Singleton) 
                container.ForRequestedType<DatabaseManager>().Singleton(); 
            else 
                container.ForRequestedType<DatabaseManager>(); 
            container.ForRequestedType<IDatabase>().TheDefaultIsConcreteType<SqlDatabase>(); 
        });

        Time(() => 
            { 
                var manager = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<DatabaseManager>(); 
                manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); 
            }); 
    } 
} 

6、Ninject：

public class NinjectRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner 
{ 
    protected override string Name 
    { 
        get { return "Ninject"; } 
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType) 
    { 
        IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel(new MyNinjectModule(runType));

        Time(() => 
        { 
            var manager = kernel.Get<DatabaseManager>(); 
            manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); 
        }); 
    } 
} 

客户端测试程序

static void Main(string[] args) 
{ 
    CodeTimer.Initialize();

    Console.WriteLine("IOC - Singleton"); 
    // Autofac Singleton 
    RunManager.Start(new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Singleton);        
    // Castle Windsor 
    RunManager.Start(new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Singleton); 
    // Unity 
    RunManager.Start(new UnityRunner(), RunType.Singleton); 
    // Spring.NET 
    RunManager.Start(new SpringRunner(), RunType.Singleton); 
    // StructureMap 
    RunManager.Start(new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Singleton); 
    // Ninject 
    RunManager.Start(new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Singleton);

    Console.WriteLine("==================================="); 
    Console.WriteLine("IOC - Transient"); 
    // Autofac Singleton 
    RunManager.Start(new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Transient); 
    // Castle Windsor 
    RunManager.Start(new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Transient); 
    // Unity 
    RunManager.Start(new UnityRunner(), RunType.Transient); 
    // Spring.NET 
    RunManager.Start(new SpringRunner(), RunType.Transient); 
    // StructureMap 
    RunManager.Start(new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Transient); 
    // Ninject 
    RunManager.Start(new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Transient);

    Console.ReadKey(); 
} 

通过修改App.config的Iteration配置值，来设置迭代次数。

<appSettings> 
  <add key="Iteration" value="100000" /> 
</appSettings> 

运行结果

1、Iteration=1000：

分析：在千数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor、StructureMap基本差不多，效率上比其他的要高。

2、Iteration=10000：

分析：在万数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor，StructureMap基本效率还是差不多，其中StructureMap效率稍稍有些下降；Spring.NET以及Ninject的性能比较低。

3、Iteration=100000：

分析：在十万数量级时，CastleWindsor的效率开始下降，而在Transient方面，StructureMap和Autofac基本差不多。

4、Iteration=1000000：

分析：在百万数量级时，Autofac和StructureMap两者还是保持比较高的效率，并且在Transient方面，StructureMap已经超过了Autofac。

总结：从测试中，可以看出Autofac和StructureMap在性能上面还是体现出比较大的优势，Ninject可以说性能上较低。而Spring.NET不仅仅专注于IOC方面，它还专注于其他方方面面的功能，所以在IOC方面的性能不是太高。另外，微软的Unity中规中矩，性能较为稳定，也是一个不错的选择。另外，可能测试程序会有所偏差，希望大家也能够指出问题！

测试程序源代码：IOCPerformanceTest.rar