• 30个关于Shell脚本的经典案例(上)


    对于初学者而言,因为没有实战经验,写不出来Shell脚本很正常,如果工作了几年的运维老年还是写不出来,那就是没主动找需求,缺乏练习,缺乏经验。针对以上问题,总结了30个生产环境中经典的Shell脚本,通过这些需求案例,希望能帮助大家提升Shell编写思路,掌握编写技巧。
    先了解下编写Shell过程中注意事项:
    开头加解释器:#!/bin/bash
    语法缩进,使用四个空格;多加注释说明。
    命名建议规则:变量名大写、局部变量小写,函数名小写,名字体现出实际作用。
    默认变量是全局的,在函数中变量local指定为局部变量,避免污染其他作用域。
    有两个命令能帮助我调试脚本:set -e 遇到执行非0时退出脚本,set-x 打印执行过程。
    写脚本一定先测试再到生产上。
    
    1、获取随机字符串或数字
    获取随机8位字符串:
    方法1:
    # echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
    471b94f2
    方法2:
    # openssl rand -base64 4
    vg3BEg==
    方法3:
    # cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
    ed9e032c
    
    获取随机8位数字:
    方法1:
    # echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
    23648321
    方法2:
    # openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
    38571131
    方法3:
    # date +%N |cut -c 1-8
    69024815
    
    cksum:打印CRC效验和统计字节
    
    2、定义一个颜色输出字符串函数
    方法1:
    function echo_color() {
        if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
            echo -e "33[32;40m$233[0m"
        elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
            echo -e "33[31;40m$233[0m"
        fi
    }
    方法2:
    function echo_color() {
        case $1 in
            green)
                echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
                ;;
            red)
                echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m" 
                ;;
            *) 
                echo "Example: echo_color red string"
        esac
    }
    
    使用方法:echo_color green "test"
    
    function关键字定义一个函数,可加或不加。
    
    3、批量创建用户
    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F_%T)
    USER_FILE=user.txt
    echo_color(){
        if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
            echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
        elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
            echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
        fi
    }
    # 如果用户文件存在并且大小大于0就备份
    if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then
        mv $USER_FILE ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak
        echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak"
    fi
    echo -e "User	Password" >> $USER_FILE
    echo "----------------" >> $USER_FILE
    for USER in user{1..10}; do
        if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then
            PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)
            useradd $USER
            echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null
            echo -e "$USER	$PASS" >> $USER_FILE
            echo "$USER User create successful."
        else
            echo_color red "$USER User already exists!"
        fi
    done
    
    4、检查软件包是否安装
    #!/bin/bash
    if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then
        echo "sysstat is already installed."
    else
        echo "sysstat is not installed!"
    fi
    
    5、检查服务状态
    #!/bin/bash
    PORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123)
    PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep)
    if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "内容" | mail -s "主题" dst@example.com
    fi
    
    6、检查主机存活状态
    方法1:将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次
    #!/bin/bash  
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
        NUM=1
        while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
            if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then
                echo "$IP Ping is successful."
                break
            else
                # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM"
                FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
                let NUM++
            fi
        done
        if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then
            echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
            unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
        fi
    done
    
       方法2:将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次
    #!/bin/bash  
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
        FAIL_COUNT=0
        for ((i=1;i< =3;i++)); do
            if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
                echo "$IP Ping is successful."
                break
            else
                # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i"
                let FAIL_COUNT++
            fi
        done
        if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
            echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
        fi
    done
    
    方法3:利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败
    #!/bin/bash
    ping_success_status() {
        if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
            echo "$IP Ping is successful."
            continue
        fi
    }
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
        ping_success_status
        ping_success_status
        ping_success_status
        echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
    done
    
    7、监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率
    1)CPU
    借助vmstat工具来分析CPU统计信息。
    
    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
    IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  # 只支持CentOS6
    MAIL="example@mail.com"
    if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then
        echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package." 
        exit 1
    fi
    US=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $13} )
    SY=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $14} )
    IDLE=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $15} )
    WAIT=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $16} )
    USE=$(($US+$SY))
    if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then
        echo "
        Date: $DATE
        Host: $IP
        Problem: CPU utilization $USE
        " | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAIL
    fi
    
    2)内存
    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
    IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  
    MAIL="example@mail.com"
    TOTAL=$(free -m |awk  /Mem/{print $2} )
    USE=$(free -m |awk  /Mem/{print $3-$6-$7} )
    FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))
    # 内存小于1G发送报警邮件
    if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
        echo "
        Date: $DATE
        Host: $IP
        Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE
        " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL
    fi
    
    3)硬盘
    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
    IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  
    MAIL="example@mail.com"
    TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F [: ]+   BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk /dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3} )
    PART_USE=$(df -h |awk  BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6} )
    for i in $PART_USE; do
        PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
        USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2)
        MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
        if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
            echo "
            Date: $DATE
            Host: $IP
            Total: $TOTAL
            Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)
            " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL
        fi
    done
    
    8、批量主机磁盘利用率监控
    前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。
    
    写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port
    
    #!/bin/bash
    HOST_INFO=host.info
    for IP in $(awk  /^[^#]/{print $1}  $HOST_INFO); do
        USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP  ip==$1{print $2}  $HOST_INFO)
        PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP  ip==$1{print $3}  $HOST_INFO)
        TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
        ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP  df -h  > $TMP_FILE
        USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk  BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5)}  $TMP_FILE)
        for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
            PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
            USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
            if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
                echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
            fi
        done
    done
    
    9、检查网站可用性
    1)检查URL可用性
    方法1:
    check_url() {
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
        fi
    }
    方法2:
    check_url() {
    if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then  
    #-T超时时间,--tries尝试1次,--spider爬虫模式
            echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
        fi
    }
    
    使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com
    
    2)判断三次URL可用性
    思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。
    
    方法1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行
    
    #!/bin/bash  
    check_url() {
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
            continue
        fi
    }
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
        check_url $URL
        check_url $URL
        check_url $URL
        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    done
    
       方法2:错误次数保存到变量
    
    #!/bin/bash  
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
        FAIL_COUNT=0
        for ((i=1;i< =3;i++)); do
            HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
            if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
                let FAIL_COUNT++
            else
                break
            fi
        done
        if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
        fi
    done
    
       方法3:错误次数保存到数组
    
    
    #!/bin/bash  
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
        NUM=1
        while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
            HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
            if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
                FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP  #创建数组,以$NUM下标,$IP元素
                let NUM++
            else
                break
            fi
        done
        if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
            unset FAIL_COUNT[*]    #清空数组
        fi
    done
    
    10、检查MySQL主从同步状态
    #!/bin/bash  
    USER=bak
    PASSWD=123456
    IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e  show slave statusG  |awk -F:  /Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} )  #gsub去除冒号后面的空格
    for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
        THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
        THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
        if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
            echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"
        fi
    done
    

    动手练一练,让你的Shell功底上升一个段位!

    未完待续...

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxprobe/p/11478692.html
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