原生form实现 forms组件实现 modelform组件实现
用原生form实现页面数据增删改查
前端代码
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>书籍列表</title> </head> <body> <a href="/book/add"> <button>添加书籍</button> </a> <table border=1> <tr> <td>序号</td> <td>书籍名称</td> <td>书籍价格</td> <td>出版日期</td> <td>出版社</td> <td>作者</td> <td>操作</td> </tr> {% for book in book_list %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ book.title }}</td> <td>{{ book.price }}</td> <td>{{ book.publishDate|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td> <td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td> <td>{{ book.author.all }}</td> <td><a href="/book/edit{{ book.pk }}"> <button>修改</button> </a>|<a href="/book/del?book_id={{ book.nid }}"> <button>删除</button> </a></td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> </head> <body> <form action="/book/add" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <p>书籍名称 <input name="book_name" type="text"></p> <p>书籍价格<input name="book_price" type="text"></p> <p>出版时间<input name="book_date" type="date"></p> <p>出版社 <select name="publish" id=""> {% for publish in publish_list %} <option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select></p> <p>作者<select name="author" id="" multiple> {% for author in author_list %} <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <p>书籍名称 <input name="book_name" type="text" value="{{ book.title }}"></p> <p>书籍价格<input name="book_price" type="text" value="{{ book.price }}"></p> <p>出版时间<input name="book_date" type="date" value="{{ book.publishDate|date:"Y-d-m" }}"></p> <p>出版社 <select name="publish" id=""> {% for publish in publish_list %} {% if book.publish == publish %} <option selected value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select></p> <p>作者<select name="author" id="" multiple> {% for author in author_list %} {% if author in book.author.all %} <option selected value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html>
django views代码
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect from app01 import models def book_list(request): # 查看 book_list = models.Book.objects.all() return render(request, "booklist.html", locals()) def book_add(request): # 增加 if request.method == "POST": book_name = request.POST.get("book_name") book_price = request.POST.get("book_price") book_date = request.POST.get("book_date") book_publish = request.POST.get("publish") book_author = request.POST.getlist("author") book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(title=book_name, price=book_price, publishDate=book_date, publish_id=book_publish) book_obj.author.add(*book_author) return redirect("/book_list") publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all() author_list = models.Author.objects.all() return render(request, "bookadd.html", locals()) def book_del(request): # 删除 book_id = request.GET.get("book_id") book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first() book_obj.delete() return redirect("/book_list") def book_edit(request, edit_book_id): # 修改 if request.method == "POST": book_name = request.POST.get("book_name") book_price = request.POST.get("book_price") book_date = request.POST.get("book_date") book_publish = request.POST.get("publish") book_author = request.POST.getlist("author") models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=book_name, price=book_price, publishDate=book_date, publish_id=book_publish) models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first().author.set(book_author) # 不用打散列表，直接传 return redirect("/book_list") book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first() publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all() author_list = models.Author.objects.all() return render(request, "bookedit.html", locals())
用forms组件实现页面增删改查
前端代码
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> </head> <body> <form action="/book/add" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for foo in form %} <div>{{ foo.label }}{{ foo }}</div> {% endfor %} <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html>
django views代码
class BookForm(forms.Form): # 添加书籍的form类
title = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="书名")
price = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, label="价格")
date = forms.DateField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"type": "date"}), label="日期")
# publish = forms.ChoiceField(choices=models.Publish.objects.all().values_list("pk","name")) 用ChoiceField写
publish = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.Publish.objects.all(), label="出版社") # 获取后台数据，在前台渲染成下拉菜单
authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.Author.objects.all(), label="作者")
def book_add(request): # 增加
if request.method == "POST":
form = BookForm(request.POST) # 实例化一个校验对象，把接收到的数据传入
if form.is_valid(): # 校验通过返回True,数据在对象.cleaned_data中
book_name = form.cleaned_data.get("title")
book_price = form.cleaned_data.get("price")
book_date = form.cleaned_data.get("date")
book_publish = form.cleaned_data.get("publish") # 外键关系，接收的是一个对象
book_author = form.cleaned_data.get("authors") # 多对多，接收的是一个queryset
book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(title=book_name, price=book_price, publishDate=book_date,
publish=book_publish)
book_obj.author.add(*book_author)
print(book_date, book_price, book_name, book_publish, book_author)
return redirect("/book_list")
form = BookForm()
publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
author_list = models.Author.objects.all()
return render(request, "bookadd.html", locals())
在这里forms组件只实现了增加数据的功能，其余只能借助原生form来完成
这里的作用是
- 渲染页面的form表单
- 对用户发送来的数据做校验
用ModelForm组件实现页面增删改查
前端代码
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> </head> <body> <form action="/book/add" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for foo in form %} <div>{{ foo.label }}{{ foo }}</div> {% endfor %} <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for foo in form %} <div>{{ foo.label }}{{ foo }}</div> {% endfor %} <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html>
django views代码
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
def book_list(request): # 查看
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
return render(request, "booklist.html", locals())
class BookForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__' # 对数据库所有字段做转换
labels = {"title": "书籍名称", "price": "书籍价格", "publishDate": "出版日期", "publish": "出版社", "author": '作者'}
def book_add(request): # 增加
if request.method == "POST":
form = BookForm(request.POST) # 实例化一个校验对象，把接收到的数据传入
if form.is_valid(): # 校验通过返回True,数据在对象.cleaned_data中
form.save() # form和model一对一关联，可以直接保存用户提交数据
return redirect("/book_list")
form = BookForm()
return render(request, "bookadd.html", locals())
def book_del(request): # 删除
book_id = request.GET.get("book_id")
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
book_obj.delete()
return redirect("/book_list")
def book_edit(request, edit_book_id): # 修改
book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
if request.method == "POST":
form = BookForm(request.POST, instance=book) # 传入要编辑的对象，直接修改
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect("/book_list")
form = BookForm(instance=book) # 实例对象等于咱们要编辑的对象
return render(request, "bookedit.html", locals())
相对于forms，ModelForm比之更强大，能够生成添加，修改数据的表单，为我们封装了很多存储修改验证对象的方法，使用起来更加方便