CentOS 6安装Oracle 11gR2数据库

1. 安装前准备

[1] 安装软件包

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++.i686 compat-libstdc++.x86_64 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc.i686 glibc.x86_64 glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel.x86_64 ksh libgcc.i686 libgcc.x86_64 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++.x86_64 libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 libaio.i686 libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel.x86_64 libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat unixODBC-devel.i686 unixODBC-devel.x86_64 unixODBC.i686 unixODBC.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

安装软件包 pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm （这个包yum源里没有，所以要手动安装，不装安装oracle时会有警告出现，但不影响最后的使用）

请下载这个包上传到CentOS后使用如下命令安装。（单击文件名称下载）

[root@localhost public_root]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm

[2] 更改kernel参数

[root@localhost var]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Disable netfilter on bridges.
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 

#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 

#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 

# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536

# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536

# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 268435456

# 在文件末尾添加
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 

fs.file-max = 6815744 

kernel.shmall = 10523004 

kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 

kernel.shmmni = 4096 

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 

net.core.rmem_default=262144 

net.core.wmem_default=262144 

net.core.rmem_max=4194304 

net.core.wmem_max=1048576 

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

执行以下命令使更改生效

[root@localhost var]# sysctl -p

[3] 创建安装oracle所需用户与用户组

[root@localhost var]# groupadd -g 200 oinstall
[root@localhost var]# groupadd -g 201 dba
[root@localhost var]# useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba -d /usr/oracle oracle
[root@localhost var]# passwd oracle

[root@localhost var]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth       include      system-auth
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      system-auth
password   include      system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_loginuid.so
session    optional     pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session    required     pam_selinux.so open
session    required     pam_namespace.so
session    required     pam_limits.so
session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session    include      system-auth
-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so

[root@localhost var]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# 在文件末尾添加
oracle   soft   nproc   2047
oracle   hard   nproc   16384
oracle   soft   nofile   1024
oracle   hard   nofile   65536

[root@localhost var]# vi /etc/profile

# 在文件末尾添加
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
      if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
           ulimit -p 16384
           ulimit -n 65536
      else
           ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
fi

[4] 切换到oracle用户，并进行配置

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ chmod 755 /usr/oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir /usr/oracle/app
[oracle@localhost ~]$ chmod 755 /usr/oracle/app/
[oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir /usr/oracle/oradata
[oracle@localhost ~]$ chmod 755 /usr/oracle/oradata/
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi ./.bash_profile

# 在文件末尾添加
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle/app

2. 安装oracle database

[1] 下载oracle安装文件（for linux x86）,并上传到CentOS上

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

[2] 解压安装文件

[root@localhost public_root]# unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@localhost public_root]# unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[3] 以oracle用户登陆，startx命令启动图形界面，打开一个终端窗口，进行到刚刚解压database的文件夹，运行以下命令

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

[4] oracle安装界面启动如下图所示，输入邮件地址及密码(oracle用户），以从oralce接收安全更新等信息

[5] 仅安装数据库软体

[6] 本实例中选择安装单实例数据库

[7] 选择语言

[8] 选择要安装的版本，这里选择 “Enterprise Edition”

[9] 指定Oracle Base 与 Software Location, 我们在oracle用户的profile文件里已设置此环境变量，此处保持默认

[10] 指定Inventory Directory, 本例保持默认

[11] 指定oralce特权用户组，本例保持默认

[12] 接下来，oralce安装程序会对安装环境进行检查，本例未检查到任何问题，显示安装信息如下。直接Finish, 开始安装。

[13] 静待oracle安装

[14] 当出现以下窗口时，另开一个终端，以root用户登陆，并执行下面的命令。执行完毕后，点击OK

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /usr/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /usr/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

[15] 至此oracle 11g R2数据库安装完毕。

[16] 环境变量配置

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

# 文件末尾增加
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

[16] 其它注意事项

• 关闭SeLinux
• 配置好FTP以上传安装程序(也可以使用其它方式)