• wifi详解(二)


    1        Wifi模块解析和启动流程

    1.1      框架分析

    WIFI整体框架如图所示:

    首先,用户程序使用WifiManager类来管理Wifi模块,它能够获得Wifi模块的状态,配置和控制Wifi模块,而所有这些操作都要依赖 Wifiservice类来实现。

     WifiService和WifiMonitor类是Wifi框架的核心,如图所示。下面先来看看WifiService是什么时候,怎么被创建和初始化 的。

     在systemServer启动之后,它会创建一个 ConnectivityServer对象,这个对象的构造函数会创建一个WifiService的实例,代码如下所示:

    framework/base/services/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java

    {

    ……

    case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI:

                   if(DBG) Slog.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");

                   WifiStateTrackerwst = new WifiStateTracker(context,mHandler);                            //创建WifiStateTracker实例

                   WifiService wifiService = newWifiService(context,wst);//创建WifiService实例

                   ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE,wifiService);           //向服务管理系统添加Wifi服务

                   wifiService.startWifi();    //启动Wifi

                   mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI]= wst;

                   wst.startMonitoring(); //启动WifiMonitor中的WifiThread线程

    ……

    }

           WifiService的主要工作:WifiMonitor和Wpa_supplicant的启动和关闭,向Wpa_supplicant发送命令。

           WifiMonitor的主要工作:阻塞监听并接收来自Wpa_supplicant的消息,然后发送给WifiStateTracker。

          上面两个线程通过AF_UNIX套接字和Wpa_supplicant通信,在通信过程中有两种连接方式:控制连接和监听连接。它们创建代码如下:

    ctrl_conn =wpa_ctrl_open(ifname);

    .. .. ..

     monitor_conn = wpa_ctrl_open(ifname);

    1.2      Wifi启动流程

           (1)使能Wifi

          要想使用Wifi模块,必须首先使能Wifi,当你第一次按下Wifi使能按钮时,WirelessSettings会实例化一个WifiEnabler 对象,实例化代码如下:

    packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/WirelessSettings.java

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

           super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    ……

                 CheckBoxPreferencewifi = (CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_TOGGLE_WIFI);

                 mWifiEnabler=new WifiEnabler(this, wifi);

    ……

    }

           WifiEnabler类的定义大致如下,它实现了一个监听接口,当WifiEnabler对象被初始化后,它监听到你按键的动作,会调用响应函数 onPreferenceChange(),这个函数会调用WifiManager的setWifiEnabled()函数。

    public class WifiEnabler implementsPreference.OnPreferenceChangeListener{

    ……

    public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference,Objectvalue) {

            booleanenable = (Boolean)value;

    ……

    if (mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(enable)) {

                   mCheckBox.setEnabled(false);

    ……

    }

    ……

    }

           我们都知道Wifimanager只是个服务代理,所以它会调用WifiService的setWifiEnabled()函数,而这个函数会调用 sendEnableMessage()函数,了解android消息处理机制的都知道,这个函数最终会给自己发送一个 MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI的消息,被WifiService里面定义的handlermessage()函数处理,会调用 setWifiEnabledBlocking()函数。下面是调用流程:

    mWifiEnabler.onpreferencechange()=>mWifiManage.setWifienabled()=>mWifiService.setWifiEnabled()=>mWifiService.sendEnableMessage()=>mWifiService.handleMessage()=>mWifiService.setWifiEnabledBlocking().

    在 setWifiEnabledBlocking()函数中主要做如下工作:加载Wifi驱动,启动wpa_supplicant,注册广播接收器,启动 WifiThread监听线程。代码如下:

    ……

    if (enable) {

               if(!mWifiStateTracker.loadDriver()) {

                   Slog.e(TAG,"Failed toload Wi-Fi driver.");

                   setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN,uid);

                   return false;

               }

               if(!mWifiStateTracker.startSupplicant()) {

                   mWifiStateTracker.unloadDriver();

                   Slog.e(TAG, "Failed tostart supplicant daemon.");

                   setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);

                   return false;

               }

               registerForBroadcasts();

               mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();

    ……

     至此,Wifi使能结束,自动进入扫描阶段。

    (2) 扫描AP

          当驱动加载成功后,如果配置文件的AP_SCAN = 1,扫描会自动开始,WifiMonitor将会从supplicant收到一个消息EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED,调用 handleDriverEvent(),然后调用mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStarted(),该函数向消息队列 添加EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED,handlermessage()函数处理消息时调用scan()函数,并通过 WifiNative将扫描命令发送到wpa_supplicant。

    Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

    private void handleDriverEvent(Stringstate) {

               if(state == null) {

                   return;

               }

               if(state.equals("STOPPED")) {

                   mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStopped();

               }else if (state.equals("STARTED")) {

                   mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStarted();

               }else if (state.equals("HANGED")) {

                   mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverHung();

               }

           }

    Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

    case EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED:

            

                   switch(msg.arg1) {

                   case DRIVER_STARTED:

                       /**

                        *Set the number of allowed radio channels according

                        *to the system setting, since it gets reset by the

                        *driver upon changing to the STARTED state.

                        */

                       setNumAllowedChannels();

                       synchronized(this) {

                           if(mRunState == RUN_STATE_STARTING) {

                               mRunState= RUN_STATE_RUNNING;

                               if(!mIsScanOnly) {

                                   reconnectCommand();

                               }else {

                                   // In somesituations, supplicant needs to be kickstarted to

                                   // start thebackground scanning

                                   scan(true);

                               }

                           }

                       }

                       break;             

    上面是启动Wifi 时,自动进行的AP的扫描,用户当然也可以手动扫描AP,这部分实现在WifiService里面,WifiService通过startScan()接 口函数发送扫描命令到supplicant。

    Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

    public boolean startScan(booleanforceActive) {

           enforceChangePermission();

           switch(mWifiStateTracker.getSupplicantState()) {

               caseDISCONNECTED:

               caseINACTIVE:

               caseSCANNING:

               caseDORMANT:

                   break;

               default:

                   mWifiStateTracker.setScanResultHandling(

                           WifiStateTracker.SUPPL_SCAN_HANDLING_LIST_ONLY);

                   break;

           }

           return mWifiStateTracker.scan(forceActive);

        }

           然后下面的流程同上面的自动扫描,我们来分析一下手动扫描从哪里开始的。我们应该知道手动扫描是通过菜单键的扫描键来响应的,而响应该动作的应该是 WifiSettings类中Scanner类的handlerMessage()函数,它调用WifiManager的 startScanActive(),这才调用WifiService的startScan()。

    packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifiwifisettings.java

    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

           menu.add(Menu.NONE,MENU_ID_SCAN, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_scan)

                   .setIcon(R.drawable.ic_menu_scan_network);

           menu.add(Menu.NONE,MENU_ID_ADVANCED, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_advanced)

                   .setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_manage);

           returnsuper.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);

        }

           当按下菜单键时,WifiSettings就会调用这个函数绘制菜单。如果选择扫描按钮,WifiSettings会调用 onOptionsItemSelected()。

    packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifiwifisettings.java

    public booleanonOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

           switch (item.getItemId()){

               caseMENU_ID_SCAN:

                   if(mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {

                       mScanner.resume();

                   }

                   return true;

               caseMENU_ID_ADVANCED:

                   startActivity(new Intent(this,AdvancedSettings.class));

                   return true;

           }

           returnsuper.onOptionsItemSelected(item);

    }

    private class Scanner extends Handler {

           private int mRetry = 0;

           void resume() {

               if (!hasMessages(0)) {

                   sendEmptyMessage(0);

               }

           }

           void pause() {

               mRetry= 0;

               mAccessPoints.setProgress(false);

               removeMessages(0);

           }

           @Override

           public voidhandleMessage(Message message) {

               if(mWifiManager.startScanActive()){

                   mRetry = 0;

               }else if (++mRetry >= 3) {

                   mRetry = 0;

                   Toast.makeText(WifiSettings.this,R.string.wifi_fail_to_scan,

                           Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                   return;

               }

               mAccessPoints.setProgress(mRetry!= 0);

               sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, 6000);

           }

        }

    这里的mWifiManager.startScanActive()就会调用WifiService里 的startScan()函数,下面的流程和上面的一样,这里不赘述。

    当supplicant完成了这个扫描命令后,它会发送一个消息给上 层,提醒他们扫描已经完成,WifiMonitor会接收到这消息,然后再发送给WifiStateTracker。

    Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

    void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {

               switch (event) {

                   caseDISCONNECTED:

                       handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,remainder);

                       break;

                   case CONNECTED:

                       handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder);

                       break;

                   case SCAN_RESULTS:

                       mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();

                       break;

                   case UNKNOWN:

                       break;

                }

            }

    WifiStateTracker将会广播SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION消息:

    Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

    public voidhandleMessage(Message msg) {

            Intent intent;

    ……

    case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:

                   if(ActivityManagerNative.isSystemReady()) {

                       mContext.sendBroadcast(newIntent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));

                   }

                   sendScanResultsAvailable();

                   /**

                    * On receiving the first scanresults after connecting to

                    * the supplicant, switch scanmode over to passive.

                    */

                   setScanMode(false);

                   break;

    ……

           由于WifiSettings类注册了intent,能够处理SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION消息,它会调用 handleEvent(),调用流程如下所示。

    WifiSettings.handleEvent()=>WifiSettings.updateAccessPoints() => mWifiManager.getScanResults()=> mService.getScanResults()=> mWifiStateTracker.scanResults() =>WifiNative.scanResultsCommand()……

    将 获取AP列表的命令发送到supplicant,然后supplicant通过Socket发送扫描结果,由上层接收并显示。这和前面的消息获取流程基本 相同。

    (3)配置,连接AP

    当用户选择一个活跃的AP时,WifiSettings响应打开一个对话框来配 置AP,比如加密方法和连接AP的验证模式。配置好AP后,WifiService添加或更新网络连接到特定的AP。

    packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSetttings.java

    public booleanonPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen screen,Preference preference) {

           if (preference instanceofAccessPoint) {

               mSelected= (AccessPoint) preference;

               showDialog(mSelected, false);

           } else if (preference ==mAddNetwork) {

               mSelected= null;

               showDialog(null,true);

           } else if (preference ==mNotifyOpenNetworks) {

               Secure.putInt(getContentResolver(),

                       Secure.WIFI_NETWORKS_AVAILABLE_NOTIFICATION_ON,

                       mNotifyOpenNetworks.isChecked()? 1 : 0);

           } else {

               returnsuper.onPreferenceTreeClick(screen, preference);

           }

           return true;

        }

           配置好以后,当按下“Connect Press”时,WifiSettings通过发送LIST_NETWORK命令到supplicant来检查该网络是否配置。如果没有该网络或没有配置 它,WifiService调用addorUpdateNetwork()函数来添加或更新网络,然后发送命令给supplicant,连接到这个网络。 下面是从响应连接按钮到WifiService发送连接命令的代码:

    packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSetttings.java

    public void onClick(DialogInterfacedialogInterface, int button) {

           if (button ==WifiDialog.BUTTON_FORGET && mSelected != null) {

               forget(mSelected.networkId);

           } else if (button ==WifiDialog.BUTTON_SUBMIT && mDialog !=null) {

               WifiConfigurationconfig = mDialog.getConfig();

               if(config == null) {

                   if (mSelected != null&& !requireKeyStore(mSelected.getConfig())) {

                       connect(mSelected.networkId);

                   }

               }else if (config.networkId != -1) {

                   if (mSelected != null) {

                       mWifiManager.updateNetwork(config);

                       saveNetworks();

                   }

               }else {

                   intnetworkId =mWifiManager.addNetwork(config);

                   if (networkId != -1) {

                       mWifiManager.enableNetwork(networkId,false);

                       config.networkId =networkId;

                       if (mDialog.edit || requireKeyStore(config)){

                           saveNetworks();

                       } else {

                           connect(networkId);

                       }

                   }

               }

           }

        }

    Frameworksasewifijavaandroid etwifiWifiManager.java

    public intupdateNetwork(WifiConfiguration config) {

            if(config == null ||config.networkId < 0) {

               return-1;

            }

            returnaddOrUpdateNetwork(config);

    }

    private intaddOrUpdateNetwork(WifiConfiguration config) {

           try {

               return mService.addOrUpdateNetwork(config);

           } catch (RemoteExceptione) {

               return-1;

           }

        }

    WifiService.addOrUpdateNetwork()通过调用mWifiStateTracker.setNetworkVariable()将连接命令发送到Wpa_supplicant。

    (4) 获取IP地址

    当连接到supplicant后,WifiMonitor就会通知WifiStateTracker。

    Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

    Public void Run(){

    if (connectToSupplicant()) {

                   // Send a message indicatingthat it is now possible to send commands

                   // tothe supplicant

                   mWifiStateTracker.notifySupplicantConnection();

               }else {

                   mWifiStateTracker.notifySupplicantLost();

                   return;

               }

    ……

    }

    WifiStateTracker 发送EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION消息到消息队列,这个消息有自己的handlermessage()函数处理,它会启动一个 DHCP线程,而这个线程会一直等待一个消息事件,来启动DHCP协议分配IP地址。

    frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

    void notifySupplicantConnection() {

           sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION);

    }

    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

           Intent intent;

           switch (msg.what) {

               caseEVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION:

                ……

                HandlerThread dhcpThread =newHandlerThread("DHCP Handler Thread");

                   dhcpThread.start();

                   mDhcpTarget =newDhcpHandler(dhcpThread.getLooper(), this);

    ……

    ……

    }

    当 Wpa_supplicant连接到AP后,它会发送一个消息给上层来通知连接成功,WifiMonitor会接受到这个消息并上报给 WifiStateTracker。

    Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

    void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {

               switch(event) {

                   caseDISCONNECTED:

                       handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,remainder);

                       break;

                   caseCONNECTED:

                       handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder);

                       break;

                   ……

    }

    private void handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedStatenewState, String data) {

            StringBSSID = null;

            intnetworkId = -1;

            if(newState ==NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED) {

               Matchermatch = mConnectedEventPattern.matcher(data);

               if(!match.find()) {

                   if(Config.LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "Could not find BSSID in CONNECTEDeventstring");

               }else {

                   BSSID= match.group(1);

                   try{

                       networkId= Integer.parseInt(match.group(2));

                   }catch (NumberFormatException e) {

                       networkId= -1;

                   }

                }

            }

            mWifiStateTracker.notifyStateChange(newState,BSSID,networkId);

    }

          

    void notifyStateChange(DetailedState newState, StringBSSID, intnetworkId) {

            Messagemsg =Message.obtain(

               this,EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED,

               newNetworkStateChangeResult(newState, BSSID, networkId));

           msg.sendToTarget();

        }

    caseEVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED:

    ……

    configureInterface();

    ……

    private void configureInterface() {

           checkPollTimer();

            mLastSignalLevel = -1;

            if(!mUseStaticIp){          //使用DHCP线程动态IP

               if(!mHaveIpAddress && !mObtainingIpAddress) {

                   mObtainingIpAddress= true;

                                      //发送启动DHCP线程获取IP

                   mDhcpTarget.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START);

                }

            } else{        //使用静态IP,IP信息从mDhcpInfo中获取

               intevent;

               if(NetworkUtils.configureInterface(mInterfaceName,mDhcpInfo)) {

                   mHaveIpAddress= true;

                   event= EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED;

                   if(LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "Static IP configurationsucceeded");

               }else {

                   mHaveIpAddress= false;

                   event= EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_FAILED;

                   if(LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "Static IP configuration failed");

                }

               sendEmptyMessage(event);          //发送IP获得成功消息事件

            }

        }

                 DhcpThread获取EVENT_DHCP_START消息事件后,调用handleMessage()函数,启动DHCP获取IP地址的服务。

    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

               intevent;

    switch (msg.what) {

                   caseEVENT_DHCP_START:

    ……

    Log.d(TAG, "DhcpHandler: DHCP requeststarted");

    //启动一个DHCPclient的精灵进 程,为mInterfaceName请求分配一个IP地//址

        if (NetworkUtils.runDhcp(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) {

         event=EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED;

             if(LOCAL_LOGD)Log.v(TAG, "DhcpHandler: DHCP request succeeded");

        } else {

               event=EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_FAILED;

              Log.i(TAG,"DhcpHandler: DHCP request failed: " +

                               NetworkUtils.getDhcpError());

            }

    ……

    }

    这 里调用了一个NetworkUtils.runDhcp()函数,NetworkUtils类是一个网络服务的辅助类,它主要定义了一些本地接口,这些接 口会通过他们的JNI层android_net_NetUtils.cpp文件和DHCP client通信,并获取IP地址。

    至此,IP 地址获取完毕,Wifi启动流程结束。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lidabo/p/5344410.html
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