实验三

一、实验目的
在实验 2 的基础上进一步熟悉 Mininet 自定义拓扑脚本，以及与损耗率相关的设
定；初步了解 Mininet 安装时自带的 POX 控制器脚本编写，测试路径损耗率。
二、实验任务

h0 向 h1 发送数据包，由于在 Mininet 脚本中设置了连接损耗率，在传输过程中
会丢失一些包，本次实验的目的是展示如何通过控制器计算路径损耗速率（h0
s0-s1-h1）。这里假设控制器预先知道网络拓扑。控制器将向 s0 和 s1 发送
flow_stats_request，当控制器接收到来自 s0 的 response 时，将特定流的数据包
数保存在 input_pkts 中，当控制器接收到来自 s1 的 response 时，将接收到特定
流的数据包数保存在 output_pkts 中，差值就是丢失的数据包数量。
基于上述拓扑，编写 Mininet 脚本，设置特定的交换机间的路径损耗速率，然后
编写 POX 控制器脚本，实现对路径的损耗率的测量。
三、实验步骤
1. 实验环境
安装了 Ubuntu 18.04.5 Desktop amd64 的虚拟机
2. 实验过程
SDNLAB 实验参考资料：https://www.sdnlab.com/15100.html
（1）新建并编辑 pox 脚本 flowstat.py：
在 pox 安装目录下（Mininet 完整安装包含了 pox）执行以下命令运行 pox 脚本
$ ./pox.py flowstat

现在一起看下 flowstat.py 的关键代码：
第 7 行开始，让 h0 ping h1，监测 s0 和 s1 之间的链路。

如果匹配到以太网类型的包头（0x0800），并且数据包的目的 IP 地址是192.168.123.2（对照后面 Mininet 的脚本发现是 h1）， 并且连接到控制器的数据平面设备 id 是 s0（h0 ping h1，链路 s0-s1 上数据包是从 s0 流向 s1，s0 为源，s1 为目的地）， 执行 input_pkts = f.packet_count，把数据包数量存入input_pkts；

同理，如果连接到控制器的数据平面设备 id 是 s1，执行 output_pkts = f.packet_count，把数据包数量存入 output_pkts。 

最后求 input_pkts 和 output_pkts 的差值。一般情况下差值为正，说明链路上数据包有损耗。 

#!/usr/bin/python
# Copyright 2012 William Yu
# wyu@ateneo.edu
#
# This file is part of POX.
#
# POX is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# POX is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with POX. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#

"""
This is a demonstration file created to show how to obtain flow
and port statistics from OpenFlow 1.0-enabled switches. The flow
statistics handler contains a summary of web-only traffic.
"""

# standard includes
from pox.core import core
from pox.lib.util import dpidToStr
import pox.openflow.libopenflow_01 as of
from pox.lib.addresses import IPAddr, EthAddr

# include as part of the betta branch
from pox.openflow.of_json import *
from pox.lib.recoco import Timer
import time

log = core.getLogger()

src_dpid = 0
dst_dpid = 0
input_pkts = 0
output_pkts = 0

def getTheTime(): #fuction to create a timestamp
flock = time.localtime()
then = "[%s-%s-%s" %(str(flock.tm_year),str(flock.tm_mon),str(flock.tm_mday))

if int(flock.tm_hour)<10:
hrs = "0%s" % (str(flock.tm_hour))
else:
hrs = str(flock.tm_hour)
if int(flock.tm_min)<10:
mins = "0%s" % (str(flock.tm_min))
else:
mins = str(flock.tm_min)
if int(flock.tm_sec)<10:
secs = "0%s" % (str(flock.tm_sec))
else:
secs = str(flock.tm_sec)
then +="]%s.%s.%s" % (hrs,mins,secs)
return then

# handler for timer function that sends the requests to all the
# switches connected to the controller.
def _timer_func ():
for connection in core.openflow._connections.values():
connection.send(of.ofp_stats_request(body=of.ofp_flow_stats_request()))
connection.send(of.ofp_stats_request(body=of.ofp_port_stats_request()))
log.debug("Sent %i flow/port stats request(s)", len(core.openflow._connections))

# handler to display flow statistics received in JSON format
# structure of event.stats is defined by ofp_flow_stats()
def _handle_flowstats_received (event):
#stats = flow_stats_to_list(event.stats)
#log.debug("FlowStatsReceived from %s: %s", dpidToStr(event.connection.dpid), stats)
global src_dpid, dst_dpid, input_pkts, output_pkts
#print "src_dpid=", dpidToStr(src_dpid), "dst_dpid=", dpidToStr(dst_dpid)
for f in event.stats:
if f.match.dl_type==0x0800 and f.match.nw_dst==IPAddr("192.168.123.2") and f.match.nw_tos==0x64 and event.connection.dpid==src_dpid:
#print "input: ", f.byte_count, f.packet_count
input_pkts = f.packet_count
if f.match.dl_type==0x0800 and f.match.nw_dst==IPAddr("192.168.123.2") and f.match.nw_tos==0x64 and event.connection.dpid==dst_dpid:
#print "output: ", f.byte_count, f.packet_count
output_pkts = f.packet_count
if input_pkts !=0:
print getTheTime(), "Path Loss Rate =", (input_pkts-output_pkts)*1.0/input_pkts*100, "%"

# handler to display port statistics received in JSON format
def _handle_portstats_received (event):
#print " <<<STATS-REPLY: Return PORT stats for Switch", event.connection.dpid,"at ",getTheTime()
#for f in event.stats:
#if int(f.port_no)<65534:
#print " PortNo:", f.port_no, " Fwd's Pkts:", f.tx_packets, " Fwd's Bytes:", f.tx_bytes, " Rc'd Pkts:", f.rx_packets, " Rc's Bytes:", f.rx_bytes
#print " PortNo:", f.port_no, " TxDrop:", f.tx_dropped, " RxDrop:", f.rx_dropped, " TxErr:", f.tx_errors, " RxErr:", f.rx_errors, " CRC:", f.rx_crc_err, " Coll:", f.collisions
stats = flow_stats_to_list(event.stats)
log.debug("PortStatsReceived from %s: %s", dpidToStr(event.connection.dpid), stats)

def _handle_ConnectionUp (event):
global src_dpid, dst_dpid
print "ConnectionUp: ", dpidToStr(event.connection.dpid)
for m in event.connection.features.ports:
if m.name == "s0-eth0":
src_dpid = event.connection.dpid
elif m.name == "s1-eth0":
dst_dpid = event.connection.dpid

msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()
msg.priority =1
msg.idle_timeout = 0
msg.match.in_port =1
msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = of.OFPP_ALL))
event.connection.send(msg)

msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()
msg.priority =1
msg.idle_timeout = 0
msg.match.in_port =2
msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = of.OFPP_ALL))
event.connection.send(msg)

msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()
msg.priority =10
msg.idle_timeout = 0
msg.hard_timeout = 0
msg.match.dl_type = 0x0800
msg.match.nw_tos = 0x64
msg.match.in_port=1
msg.match.nw_dst = "192.168.123.2"
msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = 2))
event.connection.send(msg)

msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()
msg.priority =10
msg.idle_timeout = 0
msg.hard_timeout = 0
msg.match.dl_type = 0x0800
msg.match.nw_tos = 0x64
msg.match.nw_dst = "192.168.123.1"
msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = 1))
event.connection.send(msg)

# main functiont to launch the module
def launch ():
# attach handsers to listners
core.openflow.addListenerByName("FlowStatsReceived",
_handle_flowstats_received)
core.openflow.addListenerByName("PortStatsReceived",
_handle_portstats_received)
core.openflow.addListenerByName("ConnectionUp", _handle_ConnectionUp)

# timer set to execute every five seconds
Timer(1, _timer_func, recurring=True)

再执行命令运行 Mininet 脚本 mymininet3.py
$ sudo python mymininet3.py

 

如果修改代码中 s0 和 s1 之间链路的丢包率为 10。

info( "*** Creating links
" )
linkopts0=dict(bw=100, delay='1ms', loss=0)
linkopts1=dict(bw=100, delay='1ms', loss=10)
link0=TCLink( h0, switch, **linkopts0)
link1 = TCLink( switch, switch1, **linkopts1)
link2 = TCLink( h1, switch1, **linkopts0)

重新运行 Mininet 脚本 mymininet3.py，20 秒时间的 ping 过程中有 icmp_seq  ping 不通

四、实验要求

（已在实验步骤中体现）

1. 根据实验步骤重复上述实验。

2. 在博客园发表一篇博客，记录主要步骤。

五、实验总结

        这次实验总体来说较为简单，遇到的一个最大问题就是在输入./pox.py flowstat 之后，运行了控制器，但是却不知道怎么继续运行mymininet3.py，经过半小时的冥思苦想，最终我凭借自己过人的智慧想到了可以新建一个terminal，然后在新的terminal里面运行mymininet3.py，虽然这个问题非常简单，但是对于类似我这样的计算机小白来说，还是略有深度的。这次实验也是收获满满，期待下次实验能给我带来不一样的惊喜。